though secondary colonialism requires a temporary experience that is not consciously embedded within the umbrella of colonialism.
So secondary colonialism has to be unconsious?
though secondary colonialism requires a temporary experience that is not consciously embedded within the umbrella of colonialism.
So secondary colonialism has to be unconsious?
our yoga teacher told us all to put our hands together and say, “namaste”. She then said a few words in another language, Sanskrit, which was originally used to communicate with the Hindu Gods.
A loose amalgamation of cultures/languages.
She was barefoot, and told us we didn’t need to take our socks off.
Being barefoot is a classic staple of not only yoga, but other forms of "exotic" rituals and dances.
Fitness is a lifestyle,
An encouraged lifestyle, too.
This may be because she feels the need to resist a feeling of sameness between her situation and her daughter’s
Trying to break the repetition compulsion through repression.
This memory is triggered by her husband’s attempted rape of her daughter (who is the product of an incestual rape), as well as by the scent of her mother in her sister’s apartment.
It's almost as if history, or life in general, literally repeats itself here.
In her case, the “something familiar and old” is the sexual abuse she endures from her father.
The title is smart in that it could mean a lot of things, but I didn't realize that it could also mean this. It makes total sense, though.
which showed too plainly that the man could not become a thing.
He didn't want to stoop to the level he sees the slaves at.
Certain it was that he gave her unlimited scope in all her benevolent efforts for the comfort, instruction, and improvement of her servants, though he never took any decided part in them himself.
Bro, get some self-care
but you know humanity comes out in a variety of strange forms now-a-days, and there is no end to the odd things that humane people will say and do.
How humane is this all really?
Tom comes back, sure enough; I knew he would
Actual trust or stockholm syndrome?
“No; I mean, really, Tom is a good, steady, sensible, pious fellow. He got religion at a camp-meeting, four years ago; and I believe he really did get it. I’ve trusted him, since then, with everything I have,—money, house, horses,—and let him come and go round the country; and I always found him true and square in everything.”
Defending him because he values him as a person or as property?
He was much over-dressed, in a gaudy vest of many colors, a blue neckerchief, bedropped gayly with yellow spots, and arranged with a flaunting tie, quite in keeping with the general air of the man.
Not a gentleman, but tries to look like a flamboyant one
Whether, in view of what humanity is capable, such a trait implies, along with a benevolent heart, more than ordinary quickness and accuracy of intellectual perception, may be left to the wise to determine.
Sees the good before the evil in men because he himself is a good man?
showed no colors
They had no flag showing where they came from
and wake Thor and Woden
Now using other mythology to prove his point
This is the ultimate fact which we so quickly reach on this, as on every topic, the resolution of all into the ever-blessed ONE
Is he referring to God or the Self?
Do your work, and you shall reinforce yourself.
Shout-out to the American Farmer
dead Bible-society
wait is this where the title "dead poets' society" comes from
I shun father and mother and wife and brother, when my genius calls me.
Damn, individuality over family
Whoso would be a man must be a nonconformist.
The "manly" thing to do is to follow transcendentalism.
Do not think the youth has no force, because he cannot speak to you and me.
The upcoming generations should never be as underestimated as they typically are.
and our first thought is rendered back to us by the trumpets of the Last Judgment. Familiar as the voice of the mind is to each, the highest merit we ascribe to Moses, Plato, and Milton is, that they set at naught books and traditions, and spoke not what men but what they thought.
Using biblical connotations to prove his point
when life hangs heavy on their hands, that they might have a quieting draught out of Rip Van Winkle’s flagon.
Basically, "Hakuna Matata"
He found the house gone to decay—the roof fallen in, the windows shattered, and the doors off the hinges. A half-starved dog that looked like Wolf was skulking about it. Rip called him by name, but the cur snarled, showed his teeth, and passed on. This was an unkind cut indeed. “My very dog,” sighed Rip, “has forgotten me!”
Symbolic of Rip and the Dame's marriage (oooooohhh)
At length he reached to where the ravine had opened through the cliffs to the amphitheater; but no traces of such opening remained. The rocks presented a high, impenetrable wall, over which the torrent came tumbling in a sheet of feathery foam, and fell into a broad, deep basin, black from the shadows of the surrounding forest
As if time had accelerated since Rip slept, letting nature take it's course in a rapid and unwelcome way to him
He looked round for his gun, but in place of the clean, well-oiled fowling piece, he found an old firelock lying by him, the barrel incrusted with rust, the lock falling off, and the stock worm-eaten.
Old gun claimed by nature. I feel like this might be foreshadowing for Rip...
the most melancholy party of pleasure he had ever witnessed. Nothing interrupted the stillness of the scene but the noise of the balls, which, whenever they were rolled, echoed along the mountains like rumbling peals of thunder.
This seems like it can appeal to Rip's respect for a quiet and simple life
Rip and his companion had labored on in silence; for though the former marveled greatly, what could be the object of carrying a keg of liquor up this wild mountain, yet there was something strange and incomprehensible about the unknown that inspired awe and checked familiarity.
Rip still enjoying nature over his responsibilities.
alacrity
excitement
he heaved a heavy sigh when he thought of encountering the terrors of Dame Van Winkle
I wonder if the "monsterfication" of the wife is supposed to be purposefully exaggerated. Like it's parodying the whole "I hate my wife" trope of men.
was to take gun in hand and stroll away into the woods.
Thoreau would be proud
termagant
a "bitter" wife
just moving sufficiently to avoid the sun, and keep in the shade of a large tree; so that the neighbors could tell the hour by his movements as accurately as by a sun-dial.
is this dude like a vampire or something
junto
Is this talking about Ben Franklin's Leather Apron Club? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junto_(club)
He shrugged his shoulders, shook his head, cast up his eyes, but said nothing.
Avoids advice like he avoids his problems
but his wife kept continually dinning in his ear about his idleness, his carelessness, and the ruin he was bringing on his family
Overanxious or Wise?
for he would sit on a wet rock, with a rod as long and heavy as a lance, and fish all day without a murmur, even though he should not be encouraged by a single nibble.
Enjoys peace and quiet, even though he doesn't get work done.
henpecked
(according to Google): "continually criticized and given orders by one's wife or female partner (typically used of a man)."
martial character of his ancestors
Who were Van Winkle's ancestors? Why is it important to know why he's different from them?
The colonial encounter is romanticized and women take a passive and male-focused role
Definitely romanticized, but I'm not sure if the females are fully driven by their desires for MAN. Although there is something off about their motivations, particularly when it comes to their religion and cultures.
every action they both take is motivated by the pursuit of a man.
I feel like God is Unca's main driving force, but I guess people saw them as a guy, too, so.
Your life is not only spared, but now you’re also caught in the middle of a hot and steamy cross-racial love triangle.
Unca did sort of make her mother out to be objectified, but I wonder if that was intentional?
At certain points the narrative manages to surpass a 20th-Century-Fox vibe and heads straight into daytime soap opera.
I felt the same way while reading the backstory. Everything felt like it was purely written to stir up drama.
All that mattered was that a white woman was hurt by a group of non-white people, and that there was seemingly no viable reason for it other than inherent brutality.
It matters that "one of us" was hurt by "one of them". The context doesn't matter as long as we can say it was a clear black-and-white situation.
overdose
Great word use to describe this.
Before I knew what affliction meant, I was ready sometimes to wish for it.
She wanted to suffer? So that she could relate to those "beneath her", or so that she could brag about going through something like this?
It is the desire of my soul that we may walk worthy of the mercies received, and which we are receiving.
She felt she earned the love of God, rather than getting it just because. I wonder what she thinks the Natives would need to do in order to "be accepted" by God?
And the goodness of God was admirable to us in our low estate, in that He raised up passionate friends on every side to us, when we had nothing to recompense any for their love
"All you need is (God's) love"
Now hath God fulfilled that precious Scripture which was such a comfort to me in my distressed condition
She needed the confirmation from God more than the people around her?
Their not knowing where our children were was a sore trial to us still, and yet we were not without secret hopes that we should see them again.
All she can think about is her children even after she was set free.
and yet not one of them ever offered me the least abuse of unchastity to me, in word or action.
She's so ignorant she's surprised no one raped her.
Again, they would say this summer that they would knock all the rogues in the head, or drive them into the sea, or make them fly the country; thinking surely, Agag-like, “The bitterness of Death is past.” Now the heathen begins to think all is their own, and the poor Christians’ hopes to fail (as to man) and now their eyes are more to God, and their hearts sigh heaven-ward; and to say in good earnest, “Help Lord, or we perish.” When the Lord had brought His people to this, that they saw no help in anything but Himself; then He takes the quarrel into His own hand; and though they had made a pit, in their own imaginations, as deep as hell for the Christians that summer, yet the Lord hurled themselves into it. And the Lord had not so many ways before to preserve them, but now He hath as many to destroy them.
This whole part sounds like a supervillain monologue explaining their overly-complicated plan,
(with their black faces
k, is that really necessary to add?
But now our perverse and evil carriages in the sight of the Lord, have so offended Him, that instead of turning His hand against them, the Lord feeds and nourishes them up to be a scourge to the whole land.
She thinks it's all an elaborate ploy by God? She really is that stubborn in her beliefs about the Natives
I can but stand in admiration to see the wonderful power of God in providing for such a vast number of our enemies in the wilderness, where there was nothing to be seen, but from hand to mouth.
Is she glad this is happening? For what reason should she be glad, considering everything she has said before.
strangely did the Lord provide for them; that I did not see (all the time I was among them) one man, woman, or child, die with hunger.
Is she starting to think that God is protecting the Natives for an empathetic reason, or is she questioning God himself?
I can but admire to see the wonderful providence of God in preserving the heathen for further affliction to our poor country.
There's something so sadistic about the way this is written. Using the word "preserving" is especially dehumanizing.
and in pursuit of the enemy,
Talking about them like an officer would.
I told them, they had as good knock me in head as starve me to death.
Is she growing less afraid of them or is she losing her will to live? Both?
Thus the Lord made that pleasant refreshing, which another time would have been an abomination.
Wow, way to absolutely destroy that kid and his horse foot, damn.
“I will go out and shake myself as at other times, but he wist not that the Lord was departed from him.”
Using religion to give herself a "reality check"?
for which she gave me a mess of broth, which was thickened with meal made of the bark of a tree, and to make it the better
Kinda rude to call it that, ngl
In the morning, another Indian bade me come at night, and he would give me six ground nuts, which I did.
There's some variance in how the Natives treated her. Some hate her, some help her, some outright avoid her
Friend Indian,
A very weird way to put it
As soon as I had the opportunity, I took my Bible to read
Definitely a coping mechanism for her
My spirit was, upon this, I confess, very impatient, and almost outrageous.
She really does not care about their potential struggles.
because their insolency grew worse and worse.
But earlier you thought that they were being nicer to you?
Philip spake to me to make a shirt for his boy, which I did, for which he gave me a shilling.
Is Philip being genuinely kind or is he being strategic/manipulative?
He bade me come in and sit down, and asked me whether I would smoke it (a usual compliment nowadays amongst saints and sinners) but this no way suited me.
Denies what I assume to be a cultural tradition/greeting
“By the Rivers of Babylon, there we sate down: yea, we wept when we remembered Zion.
Does she only want to cry before God? Not even to her family or friends?
And His goodness in bringing to my hand so many comfortable and suitable scriptures in my distress.
God and the bible is her only source of hope and determination, it seems. More so than her children, perhaps.
Job
Job as in the biblical character, not the word "job"
Oh that my people had hearkened to me, and Israel had walked in my ways, I should soon have subdued their enemies, and turned my hand against their adversaries”
Does she see herself as a leader for her group?
And here I cannot but take notice of the strange providence of God in preserving the heathen.
Still doesn't recognize them as human
“When thou passeth through the waters I will be with thee, and through the rivers they shall not overflow thee”
Is her memorizing Bible verses by heart just something she did, or was this common for Englishmen back in the day?
For they went as if they had gone for their lives
They're incredibly fearful of them
that the Lord stirred up children to look to Him.
Seeking solidarity in everyone around her, and the future
that there was no mercy for me, that the blessings were gone, and the curses come in their room, and that I had lost my opportunity.
What exactly made her lose hope in this chapter?
I went to take up my dead child in my arms to carry it with me, but they bid me let it alone; there was no resisting, but go I must and leave it.
Was this more torture for her on purpose by the Natives, or did they legitimately not want her to touch the body for health/cultural reasons? Were they cruel or was it just a cultural divide?
picture of death in my lap.
How serious was her wound exactly? This makes it seems she's on her death bed.
till my flesh was raw again
Till her flesh was "numb" again?
poor wounded child in my lap, which moaned night and day
Really wants us to know that her daughter is hurt time and time again
oaken leaves
Is this a Native form of healing?
I then remembered how careless I had been of God’s holy time; how many Sabbaths I had lost and misspent, and how evilly I had walked in God’s sight; which lay so close unto my spirit, that it was easy for me to see how righteous it was with God to cut off the thread of my life and cast me out of His presence forever. Yet the Lord still showed mercy to me, and upheld me; and as He wounded me with one hand, so he healed me with the other.
The self-reflection is interesting. But why write about it now instead of anywhere else?
“I had fainted, unless I had believed, etc”
Full quote: "I had fainted, unless I had believed to see the goodness of Jehovah In the land of the living."
and having no Christian friend near me, either to comfort or help me.
Would she be just as happy to see a non-Christian Englishman?
and a few boughs behind me,
This seems to be more of a scathing rather than serious torture, but I'll hold my breath so that I don't assume this woman's entire struggles
Then they set me upon a horse with my wounded child in my lap, and there being no furniture upon the horse’s back, as we were going down a steep hill we both fell over the horse’s head, at which they, like inhumane creatures, laughed,
I mean to be fair, at least they let her keep her child with her this time
it went moaning all along, “I shall die, I shall die.”
How old is the "babe"?
were slain and mangled in a barbarous manner
How barbarous was it, and how would it compare to how an Englishman would kill a native?
All was gone, my husband gone (at least separated from me, he being in the Bay; and to add to my grief, the Indians told me they would kill him as he came homeward), my children gone, my relations and friends gone, our house and home and all our comforts—within door and without—all was gone (except my life), and I knew not but the next moment that might go too.
Based on the knowledge she was taken captive by the Natives, it would make sense why she would have at least some animosity towards the tribe who took her hostage. The question that remains is what other animosities did she have before being captured?
a lively resemblance of hell.
Another common thing to literally demonize Native culture
barbarous creatures
Already starting out with harsh viewpoints, nice.
and our hearts no less than our bodies
Mary (and crew)'s spirits are still raised in the face of adversity?
the beautiful Indian princess
Again, I wonder how this translated.
There again in the midst of the large camp ground was a man in beaded buckskins. In his hand was a strong bow and red-tipped arrow. Again the big red eagle appeared on the edge of the bluff. He plumed his feathers and flapped his huge wings. The young man crouched low to the ground. He placed the arrow on the bow, drawing a poisoned flint for the eagle.
He never swoons anyone or tries to act cocky, but rather just does the work. He is only focused on avenging, which is what a hero should do.
Clothe him in these my best buckskins
Sort of a callback to the first words of this legend ("A man in buckskins..." [1]), but this time it's reversed to be a humiliating threat.
During this happening, a woman on horseback halted her pony at the chieftain's teepee. It was no other than the young woman who cut loose the tree- bound captive! While she told the story the chieftain listened with downcast face. "I passed him on my way. He is near!" she ended.
This reveals this is tied with the other legends.
Ah! my blanket brushed my elbow and shifted the course of my arrow!
Like a lot of arrogant men, they keep making excuses for their failures.
lazy indifference
Love the bird's cockiness. He's sort of similar to the avenger in that sense.
hinnu
Unsure what this means.
He appeared, that terrible bird!
Is this supposed to be the Thunderbird, or is this separate?
That night the star men in their burial procession in the sky reached the low northern horizon, before the center fires within the teepees had flickered out. The ringing laughter which had floated up through the smoke lapels was now hushed, and only the distant howling of wolves broke the quiet of the village
A very interesting mythos explaining how people sleep.
"The young man is not handsome after all!" whispered the woman in her husband's ear. "Ah, but after he has killed the red eagle he will seem handsome enough!" answered the chieftain.
I sense a theme about the man's pride affecting his role in this tribe's hierarchy. He thinks as long as he can prove himself in one fashion, he'll become accomplished in many other ways, like being let into the family (and being seen as handsome).
With the magic arrow in his quiver the stranger felt not in the least too presuming in addressing the woman as his mother- in-law.
I mentioned earlier; "the avenger already has ties with this family." Does this show he's not actually close, but rather just assumes his status because of his accomplishments?
buckskins
hide/leathers
Mother-in-law
The avenger already has ties with this family
while he sat down opposite him with a center fire burning between them.
Another classic expression. Eating meals over a fire is synonymous with peace and community
like a bashful Indian maid
Phrases like this make me wonder how this was translated
Spreading a handsomely decorated buffalo robe before the man, two of the warriors lifted him by each shoulder and placed him gently on it. Then the four men took, each, a corner of the blanket and carried the stranger
Four men holding up one strong one is a common expression of hierarchy and power across many cultures.
as they bent forward swinging their elbows together.
Some kind of dance or celebration?
hillock
small hill/mound