185 Matching Annotations
  1. Dec 2017
    1. Mter searching for it uselessly in the taste of earth, in the perfumed letters from Pietro Crespi, in the tempestuous bed of her husband; she had found peace in that house where memories mate-rialized through the strength of implacable evocation and walked like human beings through the cloistered rooms.

      157 Close read this sentence.

    2. In the center· of the chalk

      165 Examine this artist's rendition of this image. Evaluate the success with which she captures this detail. How does this visualization affect your understanding of this detail in the novel? (http://www.tolmacheva.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/COLONEL-AURELIANO.jpg)

    3. "They can bring him out now," he ordered

      159 How does GM want readers to react to CAB's refusal to save General Moncada's life? What is the significance, purpose and effect?

    4. But don't forget that as long as God gives us life we will still be mothers and no matter how revolutionary you may be, we have the right to pull down your pants and give you a whipping at the fir.st sign of disrespect."

      Consider this confrontation between the power of the state with the power of the maternal. What is the significance? Synthesize with Kiss of the Spider Woman. Does this tell us something about Latin America that differs from the U.S.? Why is such a confrontation or equivalence unimaginable in the U.S.?

    5. COLONEL GERINELDO MARQUEZ was the first to perceive the emptiness of the war. In his position as civil and military leader of Macondo he would have telegraphic conversations twice a week with Colonel Aureliano Buendia. At first those exchanges would determine the course of a fiesh-and-blood war, the perfectly defined outlines of which told them at any moment the exact spot where it was and the prediction of its future direction. Although he never let himself be pulled into the. area of confidences, no.t even by his closest friends, Colonel Aureliano Buendia still had at that time the familiar tone that made it possible to identifY him at the other end of the wire. Many times he would prolong the talks beyond the expected limit and let them drift into comments of a domestic nature. Little by little, how-ever, and as the war became more intense and widespread, his image was fading away into a universe of u.nreality. The characteristics of his speech were more and more uncertain, and they came together and combined to form words that were gradually losing all mean-ing. Colonel Gerineldo Marquez limited himself then to just listen-ing, burdened by the impression that he was in telegraphic contact with a stranger from another world

      161 What is the purpose, significance and effect of this detail about CGM and CAB communicating via telegraph throughout the war?

    6. At the end, Colonel Gerineldo Marquez looked at the desolate streets, the crystal water on the almond trees, and he found himself lost in solitude.

      163 What is the function of CGM? Why is he pulled into the Buendías' solitude? Why and how has he become a Buendía?

    7. as then that he decided that no human being, not even Ursula, could come closer to him than ten feet. In the center· of the chalk circle that his aides would draw wherever he stopped, and which only he could enter, he would decide with brief orders that had no appeal the fate of the world.

      165 Passage begins with "It . . ." on previous page. Analyze this moment. What is the purpose, significance and effect of solitude suddenly becoming literalized in space?

    8. An inner coldness which shattered his bones and tortured him even in the heat of the sun would not let him sleep for several months, until it became a habit.

      166 What is the significance of this coldness? Synthesize it with his experience of touching the ice as a child.

    9. Alone, abandoned by his premonitions, fleeing the chill that was to accompany him until death, he sought a last refuge in Macondo in the warmth of his oldest memories

      167 What drives CAB back to Macondo? What does this fact tell us about war? About Macondo? About solitude?

    10. He was never a greater soldier than at that time

      170 Read the Wikipedia entry on Rafael Uribe Uribe. GM has said that CAB is loosely based on him. What parallels do you see? What is it about the historical figure that might have interested GM?

      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafael_Uribe_Uribe)

    11. The doctor listened with his steth

      Annotation on the next page

    1. ABOUT THIS TIME an ambitious young reporter from New York arrived one morning at Gatsby's door and asked him if he had anything to say. , 'Mything to say about what?". inquired Gatsby politely. "Why-any statement to give out." It transpired after a confused five minutes that the man had heard Gatsby's name around his office in a connection which he either wouldn't reveal or didn't fully understand. This was his day off and with laudable initiative he had hur-ried out "to see."

      97 Why does the chapter begin this way? What is the purpose, significance and effect?

    2. The truth was that Jay Gatsby of West Egg, Long Island, sprang from his Platonic conception of himself He was a son of God-a phrase which, if it means anything, means just that-and he must be about His Father's business, the service of a vast, vulgar, and meretricious beauty. So he invented just the sort of Jay Gatsby that a seventeen-year-old boy would be likely to invent, and to this conception he was faithful to the end

      98 Secure firm, perfect comprehension of these lines and then analyze until you arrive at the themes.

    3. The most grotesque and fantastic conceits haunted him in his bed at night. A universe of ineffable gaudiness spun itself out in his brain while the clock ticked on the washstand and the moon soaked with wet light his tangled clothes upon the floor. Each night he added to the pattern of his fancies until drowsiness closed down upon some vivid scene with an oblivious embrace. For a while these reveries provided an outlet for his imagination; they were a satisfactory hint of the unreality of reality, a promise that the rock of the world was founded securely on a fairy's wing

      99 Establish clear, perfect comprehension of this passage. What is conveyed through its word choice?

    4. "My God, 1 believe the man's coming," said Tom. "Doesn't he know she doesn't want him?" "She says she does want him." "She has a big dinner party and he won't know a soul there." He frowned. "1 wonder where in the devil he met Daisy. By God, 1 may be old-fashioned in my ideas, but women run around too much these days to suit me. They meet all kinds of crazy fish." Suddenly Mr. Sloane and the lady walked down the steps and mounted their horses. "C "'d M Sl 'T'''' 1 "\Vl ' ome on, Sal r. oane to .lom, were ate. weve got to go." And then to me: "Tell him we couldn't wait, will you?

      103 What is the purpose, significance and effect of this scene? Why does Fitzgerald include it?

    5. "These things excite me so)" she whispered. "If you want to kiss me any time during the evening, Nick, just let me know and I'll be glad to arrange it for you. Just mention my name. Or present a green card. I'm giving out green--"

      104 Synthesize this piece of dialogue with other things Daisy has said to Nick. What pattern do you see? What is she up to? What is the purpose, significance and effect and how does it characterize her?

    6. We were at a particularly tipsy table. That was my fault-Gatsby had been called to the phone, and I'd enjoyed these same people only two weeks before. But what had amused me then turned septic on the air now. "How do you feel, Miss Baedeker?" The girl addressed was trying, unsuccessfully, to slump against my shoulder. At this inquiry she sat up and opened her eyes. "Wha'?" A massive and lethargic woman, who had been urging Daisy to play golf with her at the local dub to-morrow, spoke in Miss Baedeker's defence: "Oh, she's all right now. When she's had five or six cock-tails she always starts screaming like that. I tell her she ought to leave it alone." "I do leave it alone," affirmed the accused hollowly. "We heard you yelling, so I said to Doc Civet here: 'There's somebody that needs your help, Doc.'" "She's much obliged, I'm sure," said another friend, with-out gratitude, "but you got her dress all wet when you stuck her head in the pool." ''Anything I hate is to get my head stuck in a pool," mumbled Miss Baedeker. "They almost drowned me once over in New Jersey." "Then you ought to leave it alone," countered Doctor Civet. "Speak for yourself!" cried Miss Baedeker violently. "Your hand shakes. I wouldn't let you operate on me!"

      106 What is the purpose, significance and effect of this dialogue? Why does Fitzgerald include it here?

    7. tor and his Star. They were still under the white-plum tree and their faces were touching except for a pale, thin ray of moon-light between. It occurred to me that he had been very slowly bending toward her all evening to attain this proximity, and even while I watched I saw him stoop one ultimate degree and kiss at her cheek. "I like her," said Daisy, "I think she's lovely."

      106-107 Analyze this image to determine why it is it is something Daisy likes while the rest "offends" her. How does it characterize her?

    8. watching the moving-picture direc-

      Annotation is on the next page

    9. It was dark here in front; only the bright door sent ten square feet of light volleying out into the soft black morning. Sometimes a shadow moved against a dressing-room blind above, gave way to another shadow, an indefinite procession of shadows, that rouged and powdered in an invisible glass.

      107 Discuss the purpose, significance and effect of this set of descriptions.

    10. He wanted nothing less of Daisy than that she should go to Tom and say: "I never loved you." After she had obliterated four years with that sentence they could decide upon the more practical measures to be taken. One of them was that, after she was free, they were to go back to Louisville and be mar-ried from her house-just as if it were five years ago.

      109 Analyze these lines until you arrive at the thematic concern developed.

    11. "1 wouldn't ask too much of her," 1 ventured. "You can't repeat the past." "Can't repeat the past?" he cried incredulously. "Why of course you can!" He looked around him wildly, as if the past were lurking here in the shadow of his house, just out of reach of his hand. ''I'm going to fIx everything just the way it was before," he said, nodding determinedly. "She'll see." He talked a lot about the past, and 1 gathered that he wanted to recover something, some idea of himself perhaps, that had gone into loving Daisy. His life had been confused and disordered since then, but ifhe could once return to a cer-tain starting place and go over it all slowly, he could fInd out what that thing was ....

      110 What does this passage have to say about time and history? Start with what Gatsby and Nick are saying about it and then try to arrive at what you think Fitzgerald is saying.

    12. Out of the corner of his eye Gatsby saw that the blocks of the sidewalks really formed a ladder and mounted to a secret place above the trees-he could climb to it, if he climbed alone, and once there he could suck on the pap of life, gulp down the incomparable milk of wonder.

      110 Close reading this sentence. Be sure you have clear comprehension first.

    13. Through all he said, even through his appalling senti-mentality, 1 was reminded of something-an elusive rhythm, a fragment of lost words, that 1 had heard somewhere a long time ago. For a moment a phrase tried to take shape in my mouth and my lips parted like a dumb man's, as though there was more struggling upon them than a wisp of startled air. But they made no sound, and what 1 had almost remem-bered was un communicable forever.

      111 Close read this passage

    1. I pray to God that you won't have Aureliano in the house tonight," he said. "If it does happen that way, give him an embrace for me, because I don't expect ever to see him again."

      155 What has been the purpose, significance and effect of General Moncada (whose name is very nearly an anagram for Macondo) thus far in the novel? Recall that he is a Conservative while CAB is a Liberal.

    2. She never charged for the service. She never refused the favor, just as she never refused the coundess men who sought her out, even in the twilight of her maturity, without giving her money or love and only occasionally pleasure.

      152 Discuss the arc of Pilar Ternera's character over the course of the novel.

    3. His pas-sion for Amaranta had been extin~ished without leaving any scars.

      151 Aside from alienating the reader and her expectations, why else might GM have Aureliano José's desire for Amaranta disappear, just like that?

    4. Aureliano and the last name. of the mother all the sons that the colonel had implanted up and down his theater of war: seven-teen

      151 What is the significance of CAB littering the country with his progeny and what is the significance of the Buendía family giving all of his offspring the name Aureliano?

    5. He had fled from her in an attempt to wipe out her memory, not only through distance but by means of a muddled fury that his companions at arms took to be boldness, but the more her image wallowed in the dunghill of the war, the more the war resembled Amaranta

      148 Compare and contrast Aureliano fleeing Macondo into the arms of war to the same action by older Buendías.

    6. Ten days after a joint communique by the government and the opposition announced the end of the war, there was news of the first armed uprising of Colonel Aureliano Buendia on the western bor-der. His small and poorly armed force was scattered in less than a week. But during that year, while Liberals and Conservatives tried to make the country believe in reconciliation, he attempted seven other revolts.

      144 What might be the possible significance of CAB refusing to allow the Liberals and Conservatives achieve reconciliation?

    7. Early one morning during the time when she refused Colonel Gerineldo Marquez, AurelianoJose awoke with the feeling that he could not breathe. He felt Amaranta's fingers search-ing across his stomach like warm and anxious little caterpillars. Pre-tending to sleep, he changed his position to make it easier, and then he felt the hand without the black bandage diving like a blind shell-fish into the algae of his anxiety. Although they seemed to ignore what both of them knew and what each one knew that the other knew, from that night on they were yoked together in an inviolable complicity.

      142 Here we get yet another instance of incest. What is the purpose, significance and effect of this instance?

    8. A short time later, when ~e carpenter was taking measurements for the coffin, through the wm-dow they saw a light rain of tiny yellow flowers falling. They fell on the town all through the night in a silent storm, and they covered the roofs and blocked the doors and smothered the animals who slept outdoors. So many flowers fell from the sky that in the morning the streets were carpeted with a compact cushion and they had to clear them away with shovels and rakes so that the funeral procession could pass by

      140 This description is famous--close read it to determine its purpose, significance and effect and discuss why it might be so famous.

    9. When he was alone, Jose Arca-dio Buendia consoled himself with the dream of the infinite rooms. He dreamed that he was getting out of bed, opening the door, and going into an identical room with the same bed with a wrought-iron head, the same wicker chair, and the same small picture of the Virgin of Help on the back wall. From that room he would go into another that was just the same, the door of which would open into another that was just the same, the door of which would open into another one just the same, and then into another exactly alike, and so on to infinity. He liked to go from room to room, as in a gallery of parallel mir-rors, until Prudencio Aguilar would touch him on the shoulder. Then he would go back from room to room, walking in reverse, going back over his trail, and he would find Prudencio Aguilar in the room o

      139 Passage ends on the next page with the word "reality." What is the purpose, significance and effect of this description of JAB's dream?

    10. I'm not going to marry anyone," she told him, "much less you. You love Aureliano so much that you want to marry me because you can't marry him."

      138 Similar to when she tells Pietro Crespi that she will not marry him, this moment characterizes Amaranta as different from the other Buendías in that she seems to stop seemingly inevitable developments in the plot. What is the significance of this?

    11. n the haze of convalescence, surrounded by Remedios' dusty dolls, Colonel Aureliano Buendia brought back the decisive periods of his existence by reading his poetry. He started writing again. For many hours, balancing on the edge of the surprises of a war with no future, in rhymed verse he resolved his experience on the shores of death. Then his thoughts became so clear that he was able to examine them forward and backward.

      135 What is the significance of this intersection of poetry/writing and death? Why does it bring CAB clarity?

    1. Once he nearly toppled down a flight of stairs.

      91 We have rarely seen Gatsby lose control of his posture--what is the purpose, significance and effect of this detail?

    2. Outside the wind was loud and there was a faint flow of thunder along the Sound. All the lights were going on in West Egg now; the electric trains, men-carrying, were plunging home through the rain from New York. It was the hour of a profound human change, and excitement was generating on the air

      95 What is the purpose, significance and effect of this description? Be sure to read upon the song lyrics: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ain%27t_We_Got_Fun)

    3. He took out a pile of shirts and began throwing them, one by one, before us, shirts of sheer linen and thick silk and fine flannel, which lost their folds as they fell and covered the table in many-colored disarray. While we admired he brought more and the soft rich heap mounted higher-shirts with stripes and scrolls and plaids in coral and apple-green and lavender and faint orange, with monograms of Indian blue.

      92 This is a famous scene. Close read.

    4. "Yes." His eyes went over it, every arched door and square tower. "It took me just three years to earn the money that bought it."

      90 Google "Oheka Castle." It is the actual home Gatsby's mansion is supposedly modeled on. Examine the visual images and discuss how seeing the actual image affects your understanding of this moment.

    5. A brewer had built it early in the "period" craze a decade before, and there was a story that he'd agreed to pay five years' taxes on all the neighboring cottages if the owners would have their roofs thatched with straw. Perhaps their refusal took the heart out of his plan to Found a Family-he went into an immediate decline. His children sold his house with the black wreath still on the door. Americans, while occasionally willing to be serfs, have always been obstinate about being peasantry.

      88 Work out exactly what it is Nick is saying here and discuss why he is saying it here, now.

    6. I walked out the back way-just as Gatsby had when he had made his nervous circuit of the house half an hour before-and ran for a huge black knotted tree, whose massed leaves made a fabric against the rain. Once more it was pouring, and my irregular lawn, well-shaved by Gatsby's gardener, abounded in small muddy swamps and prehistoric marshes.

      88 Close read this description.

    7. I had them both on their feet with the desperate suggestion that they help me make tea in the kitchen when the demoniac Finn brought it in on a tray.

      87 There have been multiple references to "the help" in the novel as a whole (the Finn, Ferdie the driver). What is their purpose, significance and effect in this chapter?

    8. Gatsby, his hands still in his pockets, was reclining against the mantelpiece in a strained counterfeit of perfect ease, even of boredom. His head leaned back so far that it rested against the face of a defunct mantelpiece clock, and from this position his distraught eyes stared down at Daisy, who was sitting, frightened but graceful, on the edge of a stiff chair. "We've met before," muttered Gatsby. His eyes glanced momentarily at me, and his lips parted with an abortive attempt at a laugh. Luckily the clock took this moment to tilt dangerously at the pressure of his head, whereupon he turned and caught it with trembling fingers and set it back in place. Then he sat down, rigidly, his elbow on the arm of the sofa and his chin in his hand. ''I'm sorry about the clock," he said.

      86 Analyze the symbolic significance of the clock

    9. Aware of the loud beating of my own heart I pulled the door to against the increasing rain.

      86 Purpose, significance and effect of this detail?

    10. The exhilarating ripple of her voice was a wild tonic in the rain. I had to follow the sound of it for a moment, up and down, with my ear alone, before any words came through

      85 Close read this description of Daisy's voice. What is the purpose, significance and effect? What does it tell us about Daisy? About Nick? About the setting?

    11. Under the dripping bare lilac-trees a large open car was coming up the drive. It stopped. Daisy's face, tipped side-ways beneath a three-cornered lavender hat, looked out at me with a bright ecstatic smile.

      85 Analyze this image--what is the purpose, significance and effect? Notice its similarity to a portrait.

    12. ... old sport.

      84 "Old sport" is a phrase Gatsby uses with consistency. How and why does he use it? Why does Fitzgerald use it as a method of characterization? What does it allow him to convey? Examine its particular use here as well.

    1. Jose Arcadio continued to profit from the usurped lands, the title to which was recognized by the Conservative gov-ernment. Every afternoon he could be seen returning on horseback, with his hunting dogs and his double-barreled shotgun and a string of rabbits hanging from his saddle

      What effect does GM intend to create through this detail about the usurped lands? Also, look at this artist's illustration of José Arcadio. How does the image affect your impression of the character in the novel? (http://www.tolmacheva.com/?page_id=57)

    2. Colonel Gerineldo Marquez.

      It has been said by critics that this character represents Márquez himself. If that is the case, what do we make of this detail?

    3. mation declared him victorious in Villanueva, defeated in Guaca-mayal, devoured by Motil6n Indians, dead in a village in the swamp, and up in arms again in Urumita. The Liberal leaders, who at that moment were negotiating for participation in the congress, branded him an adventurer who did not represent the party.

      What is the significance of Colonel Aureliano Buendía achieving a status of legend, a figure seeming to transcend or be outside the actual political conflict?

    4. Then the aluminum glow of dawn disappeared and he saw himself again in short pants, wearing a tie around his neck, and he saw his father leading him into the tent on a splendid after-noon, and he saw the ice

      Why does GM have Aureliano Buendía return to this memory at the moment of his (supposed) death? What is the purpose, significance and effect?

    5. Gabriel Garcia Marquez not be grasped. On occasion they were so natural that he identified them as premonitions only after they had been fulfilled. Frequently they were nothing but ordinary bits of superstition.

      Critic Michel Wood has pointed out that the Buendías are pressed by time on both sides--by history and by their premonitions of the future. Analyze this discussion of Aureliano Buendía's premonitions here--does this agree or disagree with Wood's interpretation?

    6. "Don't be simple, Crespi." She smiled. "I wouldn't marry you even if I were dead."

      What can you infer are the reasons or motivations behind Amaranta's refusal? Keep in mind that later, when Crespi commits suicide, Amaranta burns her hand and wears a black bandaid for the rest of her life, so her feelings go well beyond what appears to be on the surface.

    7. His efforts to systematize his premonitions were useless. They would come suddenly in a wave of supernatural lucid-ity, like an absolute and momentaneous conviction, but they could

      Annotation continues on the next page--respond there.

    8. The houses, painted blue, then painted red, had ended up with an indefinable coloration. "What did you expect?" Ursula sighed. "Time passes." "That's how it goes," Aureliano admitted, "but not so much." In that way the long-awaited visit, for which both had prepared questions and had even anticipated answers, was once more the usual everyday conversation.

      I find this exchange and the prose that bookends it enigmatic. Analyze.

    9. From the moment in which she entered the room Ursula felt inhibited by the maturity of her son, by his aura of command, by the glow of authority that radiated from his skin

      Purpose, significance and effect?

    10. He looked paler to Ursula than when he had left, a little tailer, and more solitary than ever

      One could argue that Aureliano has been the most solitary Buendía thus far and that his decision to fight in the war reflects a desire to counteract that solitude by leaving Macondo. What are we to learn from the fact that he is "more solitary than ever," despite having left and traveled the country?

    11. HE WAR WAS OVER in May. Two weeks before the gov-ernment made the official announcement in a high-sounding proclamation, which promised merciless punishment for those who had started the rebellion, Colonel Aureliano Buendia fell prisoner just as he was about to reach the western frontier disguised as an Indian witch doctor. Of the twenty-one men who had followed him to war, fourteen fell in combat, six were wounded, and only one accompanied him at the moment of final defeat: Colonel Gerineldo Marquez.

      Throughout the novel, GM gives us many seemingly reassuring details about time, numbers--what is the purpose, significance and effect?

    12. "Bastards!" he shouted. "Long live the Liberal party!"

      Perhaps this is just me, but this is the chapter where I have really lost a firm grip of the various male Buendías. If this has been true for you as well, discuss the purpose, significance and effect.

    13. Ursula was in the doorway waiting, indif-ferent to the cannon shots that had opened up a hole in the front of the house next door. The rain was letting up, but the streets were as slippery and as smooth as melted soap, and one had to guess dis-tances in the darkness. Arcadio left Amaranta with Ursula and made an attempt to face two soldiers who had opened up with heavy firing from the corner. The old pistols that had been kept for many years in the bureau did not work. Protecting Arcadio with her body, Ursula tried to drag him toward the house. "Come along in the name of God," she shouted at him. "There's been enough madness!

      War has come to Macondo and right up to Úrsula's doorstep. Analyze this scene for its symbolic significance, keeping an eye out for what GM is saying about the relationship between war and women.

    14. COLONEL AURELIANO BUENDIA organized thirty-two armed uprisings and he lost them all. He had seventeen male children by seventeen different women and they were exterminated one after the other on a single night before the oldest one had reached the age of thirty-five. He survived fourteen attempts on his life, seventy-three ambushes, and a firing squad. He lived through a dose of strychnine in his coffee that was enough to kill a horse. He refused the Order of Merit, which the President of the Republic awarded him. He rose to be Commander in Chief of the revolutionary forces, with jurisdiction and command from one border to the other, and the man most feared by the government, but he never let himself be photographed.

      What is the purpose, significance and effect of this characterization of the colonel? What can you infer are the forces that shift this character from Aureliano to Colonel Aurielano Buendía? How is it related to his movement out of Macondo into the world outside through the medium of war?

    1. e passed a barrier of dark trees, and then the fa<rade of Fifty-ninth Street, a block of delicate pale light, beamed down into the park. Unlike Gatsby and Tom Buchanan, I had no girl whose disembodied face floated along the dark cornices and blinding signs, and so I drew up the girl beside me, tight-ening my arms. Her wan, scornful mouth smiled, and so I drew her up again closer, this time to my face.

      Describe, as precisely as you can, the mood of this passage. Use multiple adjectives to catch as many facets of the mood as possible. Then discuss how the mood is created.

    2. It was dark now, and as we dipped under a little bridge I put my arm around Jordan's golden shoulder and drew her toward me and asked her to dinner. Suddenly I wasn't think-ing of Daisy and Gatsby any more, but of this clean, hard, lim-ited person, who dealt in universal scepticism, and who leaned back jauntily just within the circle of my arm. A phrase began to beat in my ears with a sort of heady excitement: "There are only the pursued, the pursuing, the busy, and the tired.

      Examine the timing of Nick's sudden interest in Jordan. What is the significance?

    3. He came alive to me, delivered suddenly from the womb of his purposeless splendor.

      Close read this line--discuss purpose, significance and effect.

    4. A week after I left Santa Barbara Tom ran into a wagon on the Ven-tura road one night, and ripped a front wheel offhis car. The girl who was with him got into the papers, too, because her arm was broken-she was one of the chambermaids in the Santa Barbara Hotel.

      This is at least the third mention of car accidents and it is clearly a motif. How have car accidents been used thus far?

    5. tragic nose

      Nick mentions Wolfsheim's nose multiple times and here, calls it "tragic." Why does he call it "tragic" now and what does he mean? How does this characterize him?

    6. "The old Metropole," brooded Mr. Wolfsheim gloomily. "Filled with faces dead and gone. Filled with friends gone now forever. I can't forget so long as I live the night they shot Rosy Rosenthal there. It was six of us at the table, and Rosy had eat and drunk a lot all evening. When it was almost morning the waiter came up to him with a funny look and says somebody wants to speak to him outside. 'All right,' says Rosy, and begins to get up, and I pulled him down in his chair.

      What is the purpose, significance and effect of this memory of Wolfsheim's? Read the original story (https://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/07/15/100-years-after-a-murder-questions-about-a-police-officers-guilt/). What does knowing the whole story add to your understanding of Wolfsheim's function in the novel?

    7. the tragic eyes and short upper lips of southeastern Europe, and I was glad that the sight of Gatsby's splendid car was included in their somber holiday. As we crossed Blackwell's Island a limousine passed us, driven by a white chauffeur, in which sat three modish negroes, two bucks and a girl. I laughed aloud as the yolks of their eyeballs rolled toward us in haughty rivalry.

      What is the purpose, significance and effect of this set of descriptions? Why does Fitzgerald include it?

    8. It was a photograph of half a dozen young men in blazers loafing in an archway through which were visible a host of spires. There was Gatsby, looking a little, not much, younger-with a cricket bat in his hand. Then it was all true

      Why is this the moment at which everything that seemed so false is suddenly converted, in Nick's mind, into vivid truth? How does it characterize him? How does it characterize Gatsby?

    9. Little Montenegro! He lifted up the words and nodded at them-with his smile. The smile comprehended Montene-gro's troubled history and sympathized with the brave strug-gles of the Montenegrin people. It appreciated fully the chain of national circumstances which had elicited this trib-ute from Montenegro's warm little heart. My incredulity was submerged in fascination now; it was like skimming hastily through a dozen magazine

      What is the tone with which this passage is said? Try to be precise and feel free to assemble as many adjectives as you need to capture it. How is the tone created?

    10. I'd seen it. Everybody had seen it. It was a rich cream color, bright with nickel, swollen here and there in its monstrous length with triumphant hat-boxes and supper-boxes and tool-boxes, and terraced with a labyrinth of wind-shields that mirrored a dozen suns. Sitting down behind many layers of glass in a sort of green leather conservatory, we started to town

      Close read Nick's description of Gatsby's car. What is the purpose, significance and effect?

    11. He saw me looking with admiration at his1car

      Examine this portrait from the same time period. (https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/opencollection/objects/2746) What similarities do you see and what thoughts to do you have on the male gaze when makes another male its focus?

    12. He was balancing himself on the dashboard of his car with that re~ourcefulness of movement that is so peculiarly American~that comes, 1 suppose, with the absence of lift-ing work or rigid sitting in youth and, even more, with the formless grace of our nervous, sporadic games. This quality was continually breaking through his punctilious manner in the shape of restlessness. He was never quite still; there was· always a tapping foot somewhere or the impatient opening and closing of a hand

      What is the purpose, significance and effect of this description?

    13. From West Egg came the Poles and the Mulreadys and Cecil Roebuck and Cecil Schoen and Gulick the State sena-tor and Newton Orchid, who controlled Films Par Excellence, and Eckhaust and Clyde Cohen and Qon S. Schwartze (the son) and Arthur McCarty, all connected with the movies in one way or another. And the Catlips and the Bembergs and G. Earl Muldoon, brother to that Muldoon who afterward strangled his wife. Da Fontano the promoter came there, and Ed Legros and James B. ("Rot-Gut") Ferret and the De Jongs and Ernest Lilly-they came to gamble, and when Fer-ret wandered into the garden it meant he was cleaned out and Associated Traction would have to fluctuate profitably next day.

      List out what you can observe as difference between the East Egg and West Egg crowds based on Nick's description

    14. All these people came to Gatsby's house in the summer.

      How does the fact that Nick even made this list characterize him?

    1. "Not madness," Aurcliano said. "War. And don't call me Aure-lito anymore. Now I'm Colonel Aurcliano Buendia."

      Discuss the purpose, significance and effect of these final sentences.

    2. Aureliano Buendia, armed with table knives and sharpened tools, took the garrison by surprise, seized the weapons, and in the courtyard executed the captain and the four soldiers who had killed the woman.

      According to this chapter, how and why does Aureliano end up on the Liberal side? What does this tell us about political positions in this context?

    3. They dragged out Dr. Noguera, tied him to a tree in the square, and shot him without any due process of law. Father Nicanor tried to impress the military authorities with the miracle of levitation and had his head split open by the butt of a soldier's ~ifle.

      How does GM want us to feel about what has happened to these characters? What is the purpose or significance?

    4. Since Aurcliano at that time had very confused notions about the difference between Conservatives and Liberals, his father-in-law gave him some schematic lessons.

      Read this (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Colombia#The_Republic:_Liberal_and_Conservative_Conflict) and this (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Violencia). Why might this be one of the few concrete events in Colombian history GM incorporates into the novel?

    5. Come here," he said. Rcbcca obeyed. She stopped beside the hammock in an icy sweat, fceling knots forming in her intestines, whilcJosc Arcadia stroked her ankles with the tips of his fingers, then her calves, then her thighs, murmuring: "Oh, lit-tle sister, little sister." She had to make a supernatural effort not to die when a startlingly regulated cyclonic power lifted her up by thc waist and despoiled her of her intimacy with three slashes of its claws and quartered her like a little bird. She managed to thank God for having been born before she lost herself in tile inconceivable pleas-ure of that unbearable pain, splashing in the steaming marsh of the hammock which absorbed the explosion of blood like a blotter.

      How would you describe this passage? What is your reaction to it?

    6. Only Rebeca succumbed to thc first impact.

      Theorize about why Rebeca might be the only one to "succumb" to JA.

    7. He did not succeed in becoming incor-porated into the family

      Why is he unable to incorporate into the family? What is the significance?

    8. ompletely covered with tattoos of words in several languages intcr-hvincd in blue and red.

      What is the significance of JA's body being entirely covered with tattoos, much of it language?

    9. he link witll ti,e Buendias consolidated Don Apoli-nar Moscote's authority in the town

      If Don Apolinar Moscote's arrival to Macondo represents the state exerting its influence, how do we interpret related details (the intial clash between Moscote and JAB, Moscote's daughter Remedious and Aureliano getting married, etc.)? How does GM want us to feel about state power vs. a JAB more primitive form of power?

    10. little Remedios woke up in the middle of the night soaked in a hot broth which had exploded in her insides with a kind of tearing belch, and she died three days later, poisoned by her own blood, with a pair of twins crossed in her stomach

      Why does Remedios exit the world of the novel in this way? What is unusual about it? What is the significance?

    11. ose Arcadia Buendia would not accept, because according to him he could never under-stand the scnse of a contest in which the two adversaries have agreed upon the rules. Father Nicanor, who had never seen check-ers played that way, could not play it again.

      This is not really a question that requires analysis, but what is your reaction to the point JAB is making here? Do you agree or disagree?

    12. One Saturday, not even having collected the price of the doors, he fell into a desperate confusion.

      What is the purpose, significance and effect of father Nicanor?

    13. There was barely enough time to teach her how to wash herself, get dressed 'by her-selr, and understand the fundamental business of a home. They made her urinate over hot bricks in order to cure her of the habit of wetting her be

      What is the significance of the Buendias pushing Remedios to develop and mature faster?

    14. Viennese furniture, the Bohemian crystal, the table service [rom ,the Indies Company, the tablccloUls u'om Holland, and a rich variety or lamps and candle-sticks, hangings and drapes.

      What is the significance of these particular objects becoming part of the Buendia home? What is the purpose, significance and effect?

    15. pianola,

      Read up on the pianola: (http://ihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Player_pianohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Player_pianonsert-your-link-here.com)

      What details in its history or about its nature might be important to bring to bear in our analysis of it in the novel?

    16. When Ursula and Amaranta returned he was still tied to the trunk of t.he chestnut tree by his hands and feel, soaked with rain and in a state of total innocence. They spoke to him and he looked at them without recognizing them, saying things they did not understand. Ursula untied his wrists and ankles, lacerated by the pressure of the rope, and left him tied only by the waist. Later on they built him a shelter of palm branches to protect him from the sun and the rain.

      What has happened to JAB? What is the cause? The significance? The relationship between his collapse and the other events in the chapter?

    17. That woman bothered him. The tan of her skin, her smell of smoke, the disorder of her laughter in the dark-room distracted his altcntion and made him bump into things.

      What is Pilar Ternera's role in the novel thus far? If she is the Buendias' "other," then what does this say about them?

    18. He lived at that time in a par-adise of disemboweled animals, of mechanisms that had been taken apart in an attemplto perfect t.he~ with a system of perpetual motion based upon the principles of the pendulum

      What is the significance of JAB's obsession with mechanical things? Why are they so prominent in this chapter?

    19. That day he went into the water at a bad spot and they did not find him until the rollowing day, a few miles downstream, washed up on a bright bend in the river and with a solitary vulture sitting on his stomach

      One cannot help but associate Meliquíades deterioration and eventual death with his taking up residence in the Buendia home. What might be the significance of this?

    20. I've come to sleep with you," he said

      Why does Aureliano sleep with Pilar Ternera?

    21. The house became full of love

      What is the significance of the fact that the house is enlarged by Ursula and subsequently fills with love?

    22. Aureliano listened to it simply because everything, even music, reminded him of Remedios.

      What is the effect of GM choosing to have Aureliano fall in love with a child? Why do you think he made this choice? (many readers and critics find this and other references to the sexualization of children such as the gypsy girl disturbing, even creepy)

    23. She went back to eating earth. The first time she did it almost out of curiosity, sure that the bad taste would be the best cure for the temptation

      Why does this generation of Buendias react to love or desire with such anguish?

    24. Finally Jose Arcadio Buendia managed, by mistake, to move a device that was stuck and the music came Qut, first in a burst and then in a flow of mixed-up notes. Beating against the strings that had been put in without order or concert and had been tuned with temerity, the hammers let go

      Why do you think GM decided to make it a pianola rather than a piano? A piano would symbolize art; however, a pianola?

    25. Gabriel Garefn .:Marquez in his dress that in spite of the sulTocating heat he would work in his brocade vest and heavy coat of dark cloth. Soaked in sweat, keep-ing a reverent distance from the owners of the house, he spent sev-eral weeks shut up in the parlor with a dedication much like that of Aurcliano in his si1vcrwork.

      Pietro Crespi seems different from everyone else in the novel. How does GM create this effect? Why might he be doing this?

    26. The image of Remedios, the magistrate's younger daughter, who, because of her age, could have been his daughter, kept paining him in some part or his body. It was a phys-ical sensaLion that almost bothered him when he walked, like a peb-ble in his shoe.

      Aureliano experiences desire in a manner similar to his brother. What is GM doing with this motif? What themes might he be developing? How does he use it to structure the plot, develop characters, generate conflict?

    27. The magistrate," Ursula answered disconsolately. "They say he's an authority sent by the government."

      What is the possible significance of the timing of the massive expansion of the Buendía house and the arrival of a government official?

    28. at ten o'clock in the morning, when he reached Catarina's store, the girl had left town.

      What is the purpose, significance and effect of Aureliano's experience with this girl? What might have been García Márquez's intention in including it?

    29. he would have years later as he faced the firing squad.

      Thus far, what is the purpose, significance and effect of the repetitive mention of Aureliano facing the firing squad "years later"?

    30. Melquiades.

      What clues does the fact that Melquíades cures the insomnia plague give us about the meaning of the plague and/or the meaning of Melquíades?

    31. But the system demanded so much vigi-lance and moral strength that many succumbed to Ule spell of an imaginary reality, one invented by themselves, which was less prac-tical for Ulem but more comforting.

      Construct a possible parallel meaning of the insomnia plague.

    32. and so on and on in a vicious circle that lasted entire nights.

      If memory=history, what is the symbolic significance of the effects of the loss of memory (history) on the town?

    33. It was never established whelller it was the rhubarb or the beatings that had effect, or both of them together, but the truth was that in a few weeks Rebeca began to show signs of recovery

      What is the possible symbolic significance of this episode and its resolution?

    34. Somebody is coming," he told her

      Consider how characters are typically brought into a traditional narrative and compare that to how Rebeca is introduced and assimilated into the Buendía family. What is the purpose, significance and effect?

    35. Arcadia and Amaranta, who had already begun to get their second teeth and still went about all day clutching at thc Indians' cloaks, stubborn in their decision not to speak Spanish but the Guajiro language. "You shouldn't com-plain," Ursula told her husband. "Children inherit their parents' mad-ness

      What is the possible significance of Arcadio and Amaranta's learning the Guajiro language first? (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayuu_people)

    36. rhey were wondrous clocks made of carved wood, which the Arabs had traded for macaws and whiehJosi: Arcadio Buendia had synchronized witl1 such precision that every half hour tl1e town grew merry with the progressive chords of the same so~g until it reached the climax of a noontime that was as exact and unanimous as a COfTIw plete waltz.

      Analyze this detail

    37. went back to being the cntcIprising man of earlier days when he had decided upon the layout of the streets and the location of the new houses so that no onc would enjoy privileges that everyone did not have. He acquired sllch authority among the new ~rr.ivals tl1at foundaLions were not laid or walls built without his being consulted, and it was decided that he shollid be the one in charge of the distribution of the land.

      What is the significance of this facet of JAB's character? What kind of figure is he meant to resemble in moments like these?

    38. The people who had come with Ursula

      Some critics argue that the people Úrsula brings to Macondo symbolize "immigrants." What details support this and what implications does it have for our understanding of Macondo?

    39. Ursula had not ~aught up with the gypsies, but she had found the route that her husband had been unable to dis-cover in his frustrated search for the great invenlions

      How would you describe the intended mood of this scene, what is its effect and how is the mood created?

    40. He's become a gypsy!"

      What is the significance of JA "becoming a gypsy" in order to escape his desire for Pilar Ternera?

    41. Anxious for solitude, bitten by a virulent rancor against the world, one night he left his bed as usual, but he did not go to Pilar Ternera's house, but to mingle in the tumult of the fair.

      What does this line contribute to the text's understanding of solitude?

    42. and they sat down at the same lime on their pots eleven times in a single day,

      I invite you to do a Freudian reading of this detail.

    43. gypsies returned. They were the same acrobats and jugglers that had brought the ice. Unlike Melquiades' tribe, they had shown ve,y quickly that

      What is the purpose, significance and effect of the change in the gypsies?

    44. "Dog shit."

      We rarely get dialogue in the novel. What characters think and say is more often than not narrated. What is the purpose, significance and effect of this stylistic device here?

    45. That was how they undertook the crossing of the mountains

      What literally causes the founding of Macondo and what figuratively causes it? What meaning does that lend to Macondo?

    46. One night, as UrsuJa went into the room where he was undressing to go to bed, she relt a mingled sense or shame and pity: he was the first man that she had seen naked arter her husband, and he was so well-equipped ror lirc that he seemed abnormal. Ursula, pregnant for the third time, relived her newlywed lerror.

      Analyze this detail.

    47. had nothing to do with thc invisible power that taught him how to breathe {i'om within and con-trol his heartbeats, and that had permittcd him to understand why men are afraid of death.

      How would you characterize JA's experience of desire? What is the effect?

    48. hen he gave himself over to tl,at hand, and in a terrible state of exhaustion he let himself be led to a shapeless place where his clothes were taken 01T and he was heaved about like a sack of potalOes and thrown from onc side to the other in a bottomless darkness in which his arms were useless, where it no longer smelled of woman but of ammonia, and where he tried to remember her face and found before hjm the face of Ursula, con-fusedly aware that he was doing something that for a very long time he had wanted to do but tl,at he had imagined could really never be done, not knowing what he was doing because he did not know where his reet were or where his head was, or whose feet or whose head, and feeling that he could no longer resist the glacial rumbling of his kidneys and the air or his inlestines, and fear, and the bewil-dered anxiety to Ace and at the same time stay forever in that exas-perated silence and tl,at fearful solitud

      Analyze this scene. What is the purpose, significance and effect? What does it tell us about what solitude might be?

    49. They were afraid that those two healthy products of two races that had interbred over the centuries would suffer the shame of breeding iguanas.

      Discuss the possible symbolic significance of incest--what themes might it be related to?

    50. All right," he said. "Tell them to come help me take the things out of the boxes."

      Here, the novel seems to have JAB shift away from scientific pursuits and turn inward, to the family. Read to the end of the chapter and then answer: What is the cause? The consequence? Is it permanent?

    51. as an enormOliS Spanish galleon. Tilted slightly to the starboard, it had hanging from its intact masts the dirty rags of its sails in the midst of its rigging, which was adorned with orchids. The hull, covered witll an armor of petrified barnacles and soft moss, was firmly fastened into a surface of stones. The whole struc-ture seemed to occupy its own space, one of solitude and oblivion, protected from the vices of time and the habits of the birds. Inside, where the expediLionaries explored with careful intent, there was nothing but a thick forest of flowers.

      What is the purpose, significance and effect of this image?

    52. Ursula replied with a soft firmness: "If I have to die for the rest of you to stay here, I will die."

      Thus far, what has the novel said about gender?

    53. "God damn it!" he shouted. "1\1acondo is surrounded by water on aU sides."

      Here are two artists' rendering of Macondo (fictional) based on the actual geography of Colombia (http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-vzPU2EAvPxU/U9ZrWrd2NGI/AAAAAAAAAwc/ITAUVasXDcQ/s1600/Macondo+map.jpg) and (http://www.nodalcultura.am/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Mapa_Macondo.png). How does being able to visualize these last few pages affect your understanding of the this part of the text?

    54. Sir Francis Drake

      Read about Sir Francis Drake (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Drake) and his activities in Cartagena (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Cartagena_de_Indias_(1586)). Drake will come up multiple times in the novel. What is this allusion doing for the text in this passage?

    55. "Not at aJl," Mc!quiades corrected her. "It has been proven that the devil has sulphuric properties and this is just a little corrosive sublimate."

      What is the purpose, significance and effect of this exchange?

    56. Ursula lost her patience. ceir you have to go crazy, please go crazy all by yourselfl" she shouted. "But don't try to put your gypsy ideas into the heads of the children."

      So far, Úrsula has been characterized as helplessly standing by, enduring (and even financing with her own money) her husband's experiments with science (all of which are aimed at making money or gaining power). Thus far, what has been her function in the exposition?

    57. ragged gypsies

      Read this Wikipedia entry on the Romani (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romani_people). What is the purpose, significance and effect of their inclusion in the very first pages of the novel?

    58. The only thing he succeeded in doing was tq unearth a suit of fifteenth-century armor which had all of its pieces soldered together with rust and inside of which there was the hoUow reson~nce of an enormous stone-f~led gourd. When Jose Arcadio Buendia and· the four men of his expedition managed to take the armor apart, they found inside a calcified skeleton with a copper locket containing a woman's hair around its neck

      According to Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Colombia#Spanish_conquest), the first Spanish explorers arrived in Colombia in 1499. What is the significance of this allusion? How is it working in this passage?

    59. He went from house to house dragging two metal ingots and everybody was amazed to see pots, pans, tongs, and braziers tumble down from their places and beams creak from the desperation of nails and screws tJying to emerge, and even objects that had been lOSl for a long time appeared from where they had been searched for most and went dragging along in tur-bulent confusion behind Melquiadcs' magical irons.

      What is the purpose, significance and effect of this imagery?

    60. a bed of polished stones, which were white and enor-mous, like prchistOl;c eggs. The world was so recent lhat many things lacked names, and in order to inrucatc them it was nccessaty to point.

      Here, additional references to time--what is the purpose, significance and effect of the image of the white stones, compared to "prehistoric eggs" in combination with the comment about language?

    61. J\1ANY YEARS LATER, as he faced the firing squad, Colonel Aureliano Buendia was to remember that distant afternoon when his Hlther look him to discover icc. At that Lime Macondo

      Note the shift in time in the opening sentence of the novel. What is the purpose, significance and effect?

    1. Everyone suspects himself of at least one of the cardinal virtues, and this is mine: I am one of the few honest people that I have ever known

      Close read this line--what is the purpose, significance and effect?

    2. You're a rotten driver," I protested. "Either you ought to be more careful, or you oughtn't to drive at all." "I am careful." "No, you're not." "Well, other people are," she said lightly. "What's that got to do with it?" "They'll keep out of my way," she insisted. "It takes two to make an acciden t."

      What is this conversation REALLY about?

    3. IZl"ading over what I have written so far,

      Here we get a sudden reference to the fact that Nick is writing this account. What is the purpose, significance and effect?

    4. "It came off," some one explained. He nodded. "At first I din' notice we'd stopped." A pause. Then, taking a long breath and straightening his shoulders, he remarked in a determined voice: "Wonder'ff tell me where there's a gas'line station?" At least a dozen men, some of them a little better ofT than ~1~ was, explained to him that wheel and car were no longer J01l1ed by any physical bond. "Back out," he suggested after a moment. "Put her in reverse." "But the wheel's om" He hesitated. "No harm in trying," he said.

      What is the purpose, significance and effect of the party chapter ending with this car accident scene?

    5. . looked around. Most of the remaining women were now ILlvII1g fights with men said to be their husbands. Even Jor-,LlIl's p~rty, the quartet from East Egg, were rent asunder by dl\senslOn. One of the men was talking with curious inten-"Iy to a :ou~g ac~ress, and his wife, after attempting to laugh .11 I he S1t~atlon m a dignified and indifferen t way, broke ,I"wn entlrely and resorted to flank attacks-at intervals .11,' ;tpp~ared suddenly at his side like an angry diamond, and III"cd: You promised!" into his ear. Ihe reluctance to go home was not confined to way-II .11 d men. The hall was at present occupied by two deplorably ., ,11('1" men and their highly indignant wives. The wives were \ III pa thizing with each other in slightly raised voices

      This chapter has spent a lot of time describing young single women--why the detour here into a discussion and description of married couples? What is the purpose, significance and effect?

    6. ndingly. It was one of those rare smiles with a quality of eternal reassurance in it, that you may come across four or five times in life. It faced-or seemed to face-the whole external world for an instant, and then concentrated on you with an irresistible prejudice in your favor. It understood you just as far as you wanted to be understood, believed in you as you would like to believe in yourself, and assured you that it had precisely the impression of you that, at your best, you hoped to convey

      What values is Nick extolling in this account of Gatsby? What might it tell us about post WWI society?

    7. Your face is familiar" he s'lid poll't"ly "\vr' . . .. . ,c', ~. weren t you In Ihe Thu·d DIvIsIOn during the war?"

      Why does Fitzgerald have Nick and Gatsby meet:

      1. through their experience in the war
      2. in a situation where Nick doesn't realize he is speaking with Gatsby?
    8. a triumph. What thoroughness! What realism! Knew when to stop, too-didn't cut the pages. But what do you want? What do you expect?"

      What values in Gatbsy is the owl-eyed man extolling? Also, Belasco was a famous set designer during this time period.

    9. Cl'!" he cried triumphantly. "It's a bona-fide piece of I" 1IIICd matter. It fooled me, This fella's a regular Belasco. It'

      continue to next page for annotation

    10. Sure I did. I was going to wear it tonight, but it was too big in the bust and had to be altered. It was gas blue with lavender beads. Two hundred and sixty-flve dollars.

      Read the Wikipedia article on flappers (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flapper). What values or ideas should the body of the flapper bring to mind and how are they working here?

    11. I believe that on the first night I went to Gatsby's hou

      Also, below: "I had actually been invited." How does this insistence characterize Nick?

    12. Every Friday five crates of oranges and lemons arrived from a fruiterer in New York-every Monday these same oranges and lemons left his back door in a pyramid of pulp-less halves. There was a machine in the kitchen which could extract the juice of rwo hundred oranges in half an hour if a

      This quote continues on the next page: "little button was pressed two hundred times by a butler's thumb." What is the purpose, significance and effect of this? What does it convey beyond the obvious (that Gatsby's parties require a great deal of citrus)?

    13. In his blue gardens men and girls came and went like moths among the whisperings and the cham-pagne and the stars.

      What is the purpose, significance and effect of this sentence?

    14. ...

      What happens during these ellipses?

    15. Daisy! Daisy! Daisy!" shouted Mrs. Wilson. 'Til say it whenever 1 want to! Daisy! Dai--" Making a short deft movement, 'I(JIll Buchanan hroke her nose with his open hand. Then there were bloody towels upon the hathroolll Hoor, and women's voices scolding, and high ovcr the confusion a long broken wail of pain. Mr. McKee awoke frOIll his doze and started in a daze toward the door. When he had gone halfWay he turned around and stared at the scene-his wife and Catherine scolding and consoling as they stumbled here and there among the crowded furniture with articles of aid, and the despairing figure on the couch, bleeding flu-ently, and trying to spread a copy of Town Tattle over the tapestry scenes of Versailles.

      What is the purpose, significance and effect of this sudden display of Tom's brutality? What does the manner in which it is narrated tell us about the setting? About Nick?

    16. Yet high over the city our line of yellow windows must have contributed their share of human secrecy to the casual watcher in the darkening streets, and I was him too, looking up and wondering. 1 was within and without, simul-taneously enchanted and repelled by the inexhaustible vari-ety of life.

      Look at this painting by Edward Hopper. What is it conveying and how is it similar to what Nick is conveying here?

      (https://www.moma.org/collection/works/79270)

    17. I thought he knew something about breed-ing, but he wasn't fit to lick my shoe."

      Here, Myrtle refers to breeding more figuratively. However, the 1920s were when the discourse around eugenics was intensifying. Read this link and consider how an understanding of eugenics during the time the novel is written informs our understanding of this scene. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugenics_in_the_United_States)

    18. "You'll give McKee a letter of introduction to your hus-band, so he can do some studies of him." His lips moved silently for a moment as he invented. "George B. Wilson at the Gasoline Pump, or so

      What are your thoughts about the significance of this discussion about "art" (McKee's photography)? Purpose, significance and effect?

    19. ABOUT HALF WAY between West Egg and New York

      Look up some images of Astoria, NY in the 1920s. Link to one that you think is particularly evocative and explore the implications of the visual for your understanding of the text.

    20. assertions became more violently affected moment by moment, and as she expanded the room grew smaller around her, until she seemed ro be revolving on a noisy, creaking pivot through the smoky air.

      Analyze this description of the change in Myrtle Wilson. What is Nick implying about her through this description?

    21. he sister, Catherine, was a slender, worldly girl of about thirty, with a solid, sticky bob of red hair, and a complexion powdered milky white. Her eyebrows had been plucked and then drawn on again at a more rakish angle but the efforts of nature toward the restoration of the old alignment gave a blurred air to her face. When she moved about there was an incessant clicking as innumerable pottery bracelets jingled up and down upon her arms. She came in with such a proprietary haste, and looked around so possessively at the furniture that I wondered if she lived here. But when 1 asked her she laughed immoderately, repeated my question aloud, and told me she lived with a girl friend at a hotel

      Close read a few of the details in this description of Catherine. What is being implied?

    22. he apartment was on the top floor-a small living-room, a small dining-room, a small bedroom, and a bath. The living-room was crowded to the doors with a set of tapes-tried furniture entirely too large for it, so that to move about was to stumble continually over scenes ofladies swinging in the gardens of Versailles. The only picture was an over-enlarged photograph, apparently a hen sitting on a blurred rock. Looked at from a distance, however, the hen resolved itself into a bonnet, and the countenance of a stou t old lady beamed down into the room

      What is Nick conveying in his description of the room? How is it conveyed?

    23. "Is it a boyar a girl?" she asked delicately. "That dog? That dog's a boy." "It's a bitch," said Tom decisively. "Here's your money. Go and buy ten more dogs with it."

      What are some ideas you have about what this dog purchasing episode is all about?

    24. At the news-stand she bought a copy of Town 7iut/e and a moving-picture magazine, and in the station drug-store some cold cream and a small flask of perfume. Up-stairs, in the solemn echoing drive she let four taxicabs drive away bd()re shl' selected a new one, lavender-colored with gray upholstery, and in this we slid out from the mass of the station into the glowing sunshine. But immediately she turned sharply from the window and, leaning forward, tapped on the front glass

      How do these details characterize Myrtle? How do they characterize Nick?

    25. en I heard footsteps on a stairs and in Illoment the thickish figure of a woman blocked o~t the ligh: 110m the office door. She was in the middle thirties, and I.IIntly stout, but she carried her surplus flesh sensuously as ',I IInc wome~ can. Her face, above a spotted dress of dark blue : 111~',p~-de-chI~e, con~ained no fac~t or ~leam of beauty, but Ie was an ImmedIately perceptIble vItality about her as if ill(' nerves of her body were continually smouldering

      Compare this description of Myrtle Wilson's physique to the descriptions fo those of Daisy and Jordan. What is implied in the contrast? How does this description characterize her?

    26. The eyes of Doctor T. ]. Eckleburg ;Ire blue and gigantic-their retinas are one yard high. They look out of no face, but, instead, from a pair of enormous yel-luw spectacles which pass over a non-existent nose.

      What is the purpose, significance and effect of this image? Analyze in context.

    27. Already it was deep summer on roadhouse roo£~ and in front of wayside garages, where new red gas-pumps sat out in pools of light, and when I reached my estate at West Egg I ran the car under its shed and sat for a while on an abandoned grass roller in the yard. The wind had blown off, leaving a loud, bright night, with wings beating in the trees and a per-sistent organ sound as the full bellows of the earth blew the frogs full of life.

      What is the mood here and how is it created? Why does it come before the view of Gatsby?

    28. This is a valley of ashes-a fantastic farm where ashes grow like wheat into ridges and hills and grotesque gar-dens; where ashes take the forms of houses and chimneys and rising smoke and, finally, with a transcendent effort, of men who move dimly and already crumbling through the pow-dery air. Occasionally a line of gray cars crawls along an invis-ible track, gives out a ghastly creak, and comes to rest, and immediately the ash-gray men swarm up with leaden spades and stir up an impenetrable cloud, which screens their obscure operations from your sight.

      Examine the language in this passage--describe it and discuss its purpose, significance and effect.

    29. Only Gatsby, the man who gives his name to this book, was exempt from my reaction-Gatsby, who rep-resented everything for which I have an unaffected scorn. If personality is an unhroken series of successful gestures, then there was something gorgeous about him, some heightened sensitivity to the promises oflife, as ifhe were related to one of those intricate machines that register earthquakes ten thousand miles away.

      What does this passage tell us about Nick? About Gatsby? Close read to find out.

    30. "From Louisville. Our white girlhood was passed together there. Our beautiful white--" "Did you give Nick a little heart-to-heart talk on the veranda?" demanded Tom suddenly. "Did I?" She looked at me. "I can't seem to remember, but I think we talked about the Nordic race. Yes, I'm sure we did. It sort of crept up on us and first thing YOll know--" "Don't believe everything you he

      Read this exchange carefully. What is being implied? What is happening?

    31. You see I think everything's terrible anyhow," she went on in a convinced way. "Everybody thinks so-the most advanced people. And I know. I've been everywhere and seen everything and done everything." Her eyes flashed around her in a defiant way, rather like Tom's, and she laughed with thrilling scorn. "Sophisticated-God, I'm sophisticated!

      What is the purpose, significance and effect of this dialogue? Use the "function of dialogue" sheet on GC.

    32. This was untrue. I am not even faintly like a rose.

      Close read this line, in its context.

    33. he Rise of the Colored Empires' by this man God-dard?"

      Look up the book "The Rising Tide of Color" by Lothrop Stoddard (this is the book Fitzgerald is referring to). Provide a description and discuss the purpose, significance and effect of it being brought up here.

    34. They knew that presently dinner would be over and a little later the evening, too, would be over and casually put away. It was sharply dif-ferent from the West, where an evening was hurried from phase to phase toward its close, in a continually disap-pointed anticipation Of dse in sheer nervous dread of the moment itself

      What is the purpose, significance and effect of this comment about how different regions experience time?

    35. "Gatsby?" demanded Daisy. "What Gatsby?"

      Why else could Daisy have said? Why does Fitzgerald have her say "what"?

    36. They are not perfect ovals-like the egg in the Columbus story, they are both crushed flat at the contact end-but their physical resemblance must be a source of perpetual confusion to the gulls that fly overhead. To the wingless :l more arresting phenomenon is their dissimilarity in every particular except shape and size

      do some web research to find out what actual part of Long Island "East Egg" and "West Egg" refer to. Why would Fitzgerald insist on portraying them as geographically similar and shaped like eggs when they are not? Additionally, look up the Egg of Columbus.

    37. I looked back at my cousin, who began to ask me questions in her low, thrilling voice. It was the kind of voice that the ear follows up and down, as if each speech is an arrangement of notes that will never be played again. Her face was sad and lovely with bright things in it, bright eyes and a bright pas-sionate mouth, but there was an excitement in her voice that men who had cared for her found difficult to forget: a singing compulsion, a whispered "Listen," a promise that she had done gay, exciting things just a while since and that there were gay, exciting things hovering in the next hour.

      How does Daisy's voice characterize her and how does Nick's description of it characterize him?

    38. The lawn started at the beach and ran toward the front door for a quarter of a mile, jumping over sun-dials and brick walks and burning gardens-finally when it reached the house drifting up the side in bright vines as though from the momentum of its run.

      Analyze the personification. What is the purpose, significance and effect?

    39. t was lonely for a day or so until one morning some man, more recently arrived than I, stopped me on the road. "How do you get to West Egg village?" he asked helplessly. [ told him. And as I walked on I was lonely no longer. I was a guide, a pathfinder, an original settler. He had casually conferred on me the freedom of the neighborhood.

      Analyze this passage until you arrive at the thematic concern

    40. I never saw this great-uncle, but I'm supposed to look like him-with special reference to the rather hard-boiled paint-ing that hangs in father's office. I graduated from New Haven in 1915, just a quarter of a cenrury after my father, and a little later I participated in that delayed Teutonic migration known as the Great War. I enjoyed the counter-raid so thor-oughly that I came back restless. Instead of being the warm center of the world, the Middle West now seemed like the ragged edge of the universe-so I decided to go East and learn the bond business.

      What do these details tell us about Nick?

    41. My family have been prominent, well-to-do people in this Middle Western city for three generations. The Carraways are something of a clan, and we have a tradition that we're descended from the Dukes of Buccleuch, but the actual founder of my line was my grandfather's brother, who came here in fifty-one, sent a substitute to the Civil War, and started the wholesale hardware business that my father carries on to-day

      What is the purpose, significance and effect of this transition in the text?

    42. I am still a little afraid of missing something if I forget that, as my father snobbishly suggested, and I snob-bishly repeat, a sense of the fundamental decencies is parcelled out unequally at birth.

      What do we learn about Nick in this sentence? List out what we learn through close reading.

    43. requently I have feigned sleep, preoccupation, or a hostile levity when I realized by some unmistakable sign that an intimate revelation was quivering on the horizon;

      How is Nick hoping to characterize himself here? How is he actually characterizing himself?

    1. Read this Wikipedia entry on the Romani (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romani_people). What is the purpose, significance and effect of their inclusion in the very first pages of the novel?

    2. According to Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Colombia#Spanish_conquest), the first Spanish explorers arrived in Colombia in 1499. What is the significance of this allusion? How is it working in this passage?

    3. What is the purpose, significance and effect of this imagery?

    4. Here, additional references to time--what is the purpose, significance and effect of the image of the white stones, compared to "prehistoric eggs" in combination with the comment about language?

    5. Note the shift in time in the opening sentence of the novel. What is the purpose, significance and effect?