28 Matching Annotations
  1. Oct 2020
    1. Some people, perhaps remembering their foreign-language classes, will list more tenses, with names like pluperfect and so on.

      I think learning a language can be advantageous to learning the different tenses because you essentially learn these tenses when you're learning said language.

  2. Sep 2020
    1. Because the verb determines the rest of the structure, we will say that the verb licenses (i.e., permits) these constituents, which are known as complements.

      Verbs are essentially complements of noun phrases?

    2. 1.Intransitive: subject + VI2.Linking: subject + VL + subject complement3.Transitive: subject + VT + direct object4.Ditransitive: subject + VD + indirect object + direct object5.Complex Transitive: subject + VC + direct object + object complement

      I like that they tried to break it down, but it would be greatly appreciated if you could give examples of your own during class, especially for complex transitive.

    1. To understand the conventional rules for sentence punctuation, for example, you must first understand clause and phrase structure.

      This is so important because there are people that haven't learned the difference between, for example, nonrestrictive and restrictive clauses while they are in high school. I think teachers should teach this in class and everything pertaining to grammar and stop expecting students to already know these things.

      Or am I going about this the wrong way when "clause" is used here?

    2. All happy families resemble one another, but each unhappy family is unhappy in its own way.

      So, in a sense, where a comma or any punctuation separates a sentence, besides a period, the two phrases are two separate groups of words put together?

    3. There are still many good reasons to learn something about syntax.

      Of course, there are still good reasons to learn so many things about syntax. I wish more people felt that way. There are people I have encountered that think they are the smartest people when it comes to the English language and how to speak it. It frustrates me because I know, while they are smart and they form sentences in a way that may not be easily understood by people who are less educated than them, they still have more to learn too.

    1. Adults, by contrast, lack this ability.

      I agree and disagree with this. I think that it is hard for adults to learn a new language, but not in the way that you think. Children can learn a new language easily not because they want to but because they have to if they want to be able to communicate with the people around them and let people know what they want.

      Children have more leisure time to learn a new language as well, and the first thing that they learn is trying to speak the language and not trying to create sentences, depending on their age. In time, they have to read and write in that language. Adults have other responsibilities other than trying to learn a new language, so they don't have time to spend copious amounts of hours trying to speak a new language. However, adults already know how to read, write, create sentences, and have knowledge of what objects to connect words with.

      Children are learning more than just a language; they are trying to learn about the world and how it works all at once. Adults already have this advantage, so it's hard to think that a child would come out of learning a language infinitely better than an adult.

      If an adult who doesn't speak English wants to learn and they live in an area where English is the only language spoken, they would have to learn, and they would learn more vocabulary than a child.

      An adult who doesn't speak English and stays within their community of people who speaks their language wouldn't have to learn English, but if they didn't have anyone that speaks their native language around them, they would be forced to learn English.

      There are so many factors to consider, so I agree and disagree.

    2. If you put any infant born without developmental disabilities in any culture, that child will learn the language—or languages—he or she hears spoken.

      Children are so easily influenced that it is easy for them at a young age to pick up different languages if they are exposed to it.

      This is why it is important to make sure you're teaching children the correct ways of life before it is too late, in a sense.

      So, it is only right that you try to teach them the "correct way" concerning the English language, whatever that may be.

    1. But when they did turn to grammar, as often as not they did so in ways that either had no effect—because the students didn’t understand what the teacher meant—or were counter productive—because the students took away lessons that wound up making their writing worse.

      I understand this as this was something I had to go through in high school. I would be given back papers that had comments about my writing, such as awk or frag and at the time, I had no idea what those abbreviations meant.

      So, wouldn't it be a teacher's job to inform their students about what's wrong with their writing instead of writing comments that already infers that students know what you're talking about?

      Even so, shouldn't teachers first already have knowledge about what they are trying to correct before telling students what's right and wrong? Or at least educate themselves about it before they teach it to students? I think this is important especially in English classes.

    2. It also takes you through the logic that leads us to say that one way of analyzing language is more accurate or useful than others.

      Perhaps, but don't we all have different ways of understanding a learning things? Wouldn't it sort of be the same for understanding the English language?

    1. So what is right and wrong in language, and who decides?

      I feel like we should be only able to say what is right and wrong in the language that we speak. I don't think it's right for someone who only speaks English to tell someone who speaks Korean that they are wrong.

      One thing that is correct is that there is room to make a mistake in languages, and there are also wrong ways to speak and write things.

    2. Languages often have alternative expressions for the same thing ('car' and 'auto'), and a given word can carry different senses ('river bank' vs. 'savings bank') or function as different parts of speech ('to steal'—verb; 'a steal'—noun).

      I think that this is a good think. I'm thinking about synonyms here. There are many options you can use to say something, and I think it's pretty cool. There are ways to not be redundant.

      In the Caribbean, not many places have buses like we do in the U.S., but they have vans and those are called "buses."

    3. Are 'between you and I' and 'between you and me' both right, and who decides what's right and wrong in language, anyway?

      So many people are confused about this and for good reason. I've been told that the correct one to use all the time is "between you and I."

    1. “Never end a sentence with a preposition.”

      I see this so often, but I think it's unavoidable sometimes. There are certain phrases that end with a preposition, so why change it if it's not technically wrong?

      For example, the phrase, "where did you come from?" is a question, but the preposition 'of' is at the end. I wouldn't try to change this to "from where did you come from?"

      People don't talk like that in real life, so why should I chose to write like that, unless I'm writing a book that takes place in a different time period.

      Am I wrong about this?

    2. Even if you learned all the words of Navajo, and how they are pronounced, you would not be able to speak Navajo until you also learned the principles of Navajo grammar. There must be principles of Navajo grammar that are different from those of other languages (because speakers of other languages cannot understand Navajo), but there may also be principles of universal grammar, the same for all languages. Linguists cannot at present give a full statement of all the principles of grammar for any particular language, or a statement of all the principles of universal grammar

      I'm having a hard time agreeing wholeheartedly with this. I agree with the first sentence. I've learned Arabic and I was terrible at creating sentences--I still am--even though I know a lot of vocabulary.

      However, I don't think it's right to tell someone who speaks a different language than you to say that they are speaking their language wrong. Who are you to tell them that when their language has been around before you?

    3. English teachers disapprove of 'ain't' (naturally enough, since it is found almost entirely in casual conversation, never in formal written English, which is what English teachers are mostly concerned to teach)

      This word is still used in books, specifically in dialogue.

    4. undeniability is a complex noun formed from the adjective 'undeniable', which is formed from the adjective 'deniable', which is formed from the verb 'deny'.

      I just find this so fascinating. It's so simple but you never stop to think all the time about where these words come from. You can make multiple words out of one word that have more or less the same meaning.

    5. One sometimes hears people say that such-and-such a language 'has no grammar',

      I don't agree with this at all. All language has grammar and structure to form sentences. I think that is what makes language unique. In English, you form sentences by subject-verb-object. In Arabic, sentences are normally structured verb-subject-object.

    6. grammar is simply the collection of principles defining how to put together a sentence.

      This is basically what grammar is, I would like to think. There are correct ways to write a sentence, and essentially, when you're writing and editing your work, sentence structure plays a big part in the changes you make. Fragment sentences, for instance, are incorrect.

    7. usually negative ones like “There is no such word as ain't”

      While this is a grammar and syntax class and learning the "proper" way to say and write things are important, I think that the way people say things, 1). gives a person character, 2). people talk like this regularly and it is friendly, and 3). when people used to talk like this it was a part of their culture and community of people. Sometimes the way you spoke was an indication of your background and education. In some ways it's still that way.

      Sometimes it's weird to realize that when you're trying to correct someone's way of speaking or writing, your sort of erasing away some of the things I've mentioned, but I digress.

  3. Aug 2020