At some point in your schooling, you were almost certainly introduced to verb tenses.
I learned that there are 3 tenses. past, present and future
44 Matching Annotations
- Apr 2022
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yorksyntax2022.commons.gc.cuny.edu yorksyntax2022.commons.gc.cuny.edu
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Looking at these forms, the future seems very different While the present and the past are formed synthetically, that is by means of an inflection, the future is formed analytically, that is by means of an auxiliary verb.
This means that the present and past tense can be shown with one word such as the present tense for walk (walks) and the past tense for walk (walked) and for the "future tense" it must be accompanied by an auxilliary verb to show that it is future tense such as "will walk" for the word walk. Walk on its own is not talking about the future it needs the help of another word.
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yorksyntax2022.commons.gc.cuny.edu yorksyntax2022.commons.gc.cuny.edu
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The prepositional phrase behind the cloud is actually nested inside a larger PP, headed by from:
I do not understand how a prepositional phrase can be inside of a prepositional phrase?
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A typical prepositional phrase structure
can a prepositional phrase only have a preposition with nothing to complement it?
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hope
I do not understand how hope is a count noun
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trash
Trash is a thing why would it not be a proper noun
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A proper noun is a type of noun that refers to a specific person, place, or thing
it is interesting to know that the nouns we all learned in elementary school have a specific name.
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When numerals appear in front of a noun in order to quantify it (two birds, four cats, etc.) they are determiners.
why would numerals before a noun not be an adjective since it is describing the number of the noun?
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- Mar 2022
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yorksyntax2022.commons.gc.cuny.edu yorksyntax2022.commons.gc.cuny.edu
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Adjuncts
Do adjuncts always follow these rules?
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passive
how can I tell the difference between an active and a passive sentence?
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yorksyntax2022.commons.gc.cuny.edu yorksyntax2022.commons.gc.cuny.edu
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Take a moment to study this diagram
I do not understand how you connect the phrases like that?
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All happy families resemble one another, but each unhappy family is unhappy in its own way.
In class you mentioned that when there is a comma you split the sentence down the middle. What is the significance of this?
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- Feb 2022
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yorksyntax2022.commons.gc.cuny.edu yorksyntax2022.commons.gc.cuny.edu
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) She asked me whether it was raining
It was said in class that with a subordinator you can move the end of the sentence to the front (without the subordinator) and the sentence still makes sense. Is that the case for all subordinators?
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and, but, or, and nor
FANBOYS
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The message is only partly independent of the medium because while it is certainly possible to express the same message through different media, the medium has a tendency to shape the message by virtue of its peculiarities.
I agree. Different mediums do affect how the message is portrayed. For example if you hear a speech the tone is present by the way the speaker speaks but if you were to read the same speech the tone would be more difficult to determine.
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Language is an extremely complex system consisting of many interrelated components.
This is why it is hard for adults to learn new languages.e
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Adults, by contrast, lack this ability.
Why is it easier for children to learn new languages?
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theory of language imperfectly and unsystematically,
what makes language imperfect?
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understanding
test annotation
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- Oct 2021
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yorksyntax2021.commons.gc.cuny.edu yorksyntax2021.commons.gc.cuny.edu
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phrase structure generally looks like this:
is a good example of this Behind the house Mary stood anxiously. Behind being the preposition and the rest being a noun phrase?
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Prepositional phrases are often optional modifiers in the sentence rather than the central elements.
The key words to me in this are optional rather than central elements. This confuses me because in the following example behind the house. why is behind is the preposition when it seems integral to the sentence not optional?
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yorksyntax2021.commons.gc.cuny.edu yorksyntax2021.commons.gc.cuny.edu
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Fred and Netherlands are instances of proper nouns. A proper noun is a type of noun that refers to a specific person, place, or thing (Evelyn, Cairo, Saturday, etc.) Common nouns refer to classes of things (cat, trash, stone, etc.) rather than particular ones. All nouns that are not proper are common.
So to clarify if the noun has "the" in front of it it is a proper noun because the word "the" makes the noun specific and if the noun has the word "a" in front of it it is a common noun since "a" makes it less specific?
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. Fred and Netherlands are instances of proper nouns. A proper noun is a type of noun that refers to a specific person, place, or thing (Evelyn, Cairo, Saturday, etc.) Common nouns refer to classes of things (cat, trash, stone, etc.) rather than particular ones. All nouns that are not proper are common.
This is simple enough to understand. Will we need to know this for the midterm and will we be labeling proper and common nouns in class or will we just keep labeling nouns as nouns?
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- Sep 2021
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yorksyntax2021.commons.gc.cuny.edu yorksyntax2021.commons.gc.cuny.edu
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These verbs are not followed by either a noun phrase or adjective phrase:
The opposite of what a transitive verb. Transitive verbs have a noun phrase (direct object) after but Intransitive verbs do not have a noun phrase.
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So if you cannot make a sentence passive, the verb may not be a transitive verb
May not suggests that this is not always the case.
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Jennifer’s performance
subject
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Jennifer’s performance.
direct object
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verbs like neglected must be followed immediately by a noun phrase called the direct object.
In order for it to be a transitive Verb the verb must be followed by a noun phrase. Example: Sarah neglected Jimmy.
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neglected requires exactly one noun phrase to follow it
important
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we can say that the subject is the part of the clause about which something is asserted, and the predicate makes that assertion.
So is a good example of this Mario won the lottery. Mario being the subject and won the lottery being the predicate. Won being the verb phrase
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Grammatical roles are defined by structural relationships within the sentence, semantic roles by relationships of meaning.
I feel like this is going to be really important moving forward.
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whole noun phrase contains three parts: a determiner, the, the head noun, agreement, and a prepositional phrase
What is an example that could help me better understand this?
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*My sons both graduation high school.
The proper sentence would be My sons are both graduating high school. Are and graduating are both verbs.
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Vivica underwent a tonsillectomy as a child.
Just to make sure I have this correct. Vivica= noun because it is a person. underwent=verb because it describes a change of state. Tonsillectomy=noun child=noun
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shove
I do not understand how shove is a noun. Shove is an action word. It is not a person place or thing and you cannot add idea to the definition of the word shove.
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Someone’s tongue movement, tenseness, and lip rounding (rounded or unrounded) are some examples in which sounds or even words are produced in different ways.
Is this why people from the same place sound different? I would have never known that someones tongue movement could affect the way their words are produced.
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Phonetics involves the study of the way sound is produced by certain parts of the body. The synchronous use of body parts such as but not limited to the mouth, teeth, tongue, voice box or larynx, and pharynx are involved with making speech sounds and what sounds exist in a language. In relation, phonology is the arrangement of these speech sounds and how they are treated. Furthermore, it can even analyze the distinction between distinctive accents or challenges native speakers may face attempting to acquire another language when facing phonemes that are not a part of their language
One can not exist without the other.
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Phonemes are a vital part of speech because they are what dictates how a sound of letter or word is distinguished which differentiates the meaning of words.
phonemes are described in the paragraph below as "the smallest units of sound that distinguish meaning." What other than phonemes can differentiate the meaning of words.
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Greek and Latin.[1] These languages were regarded as perfect
What made these languages perfect?
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It shapes who we are.
I agree that language shapes who we are. The words we use determines how we think and helps mold our personalities.
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Prescription, in other words, can only occur after the language has been described, and good prescription depends on adequate description
Despite the obvious butting of heads Prescriptivists and Descriptives depend on each other.
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It tries to tell you how you should speak and write.
Should is the key word here.
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defines grammar as “the art of speaking and writing the English language with propriety”[2]
Definition of the word grammar has changed throughout the ages
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use real-world evidence to think about language, basing your conclusions primarily on the way English actually works rather than on arbitrary assertions by so-called authorities
In other words,the way english works is different from what "authorities" randomly assign as fact. We will be learning the way english really works by using relevant evidence to think about language. This is important because this breaks the mold in the sense that everything we thought we knew regarding english will be challenged and come out different from what we once thought it was.
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