While punk rock clearly has deep roots in the U.S, it would be sacrilegious to neglect mentioning the U.K.’s role in its prodigious rise. During the 70s, the British economy was in bad shape; unemployment was high and the youth were angry and disaffected. These conditions created an ideal environment for rebellious, politically motivated punk rockers to cultivate a booming London punk scene. In 1975, the Sex Pistols made their first live appearance, and by the end of the year, several more punk bands that would reach legendary status – including the Clash, the Slits, and the Damned – had formed.

This lack of concern with strict structure gave artists freedom to experiment, which led to musical innovations that would eventually make up the foundation of punk rock.

Punk rock can be traced back to the garage rock of the ‘60s.

Style-wise, the clothes designed by McLaren and Westwood helped forge an aesthetic of rips, fractures and tensions, capturing perfectly the darkening mood of the 1970s.

British punk emerged in 1976, coalescing around the Sex Pistols and spreading – virus-like – into the suburbs, provinces and cities of the UK

unlearning

work together and be kind to each other

I’ve always exposed myself to various cultural traditions

When I was a kid, my soccer coach would always yell, incessantly, “¡Conganas!”

also know that school and society add various levels of stress to folks just because of their racial,ethnic, linguistic, sexual and gender identities,

as a writer to experiment with certain techniques, rhetorical appeals, and ways of writing that you have carefully observed and annotated when you previously read.

Annotation and other active reading strategies are useful for all of these processes as well, in addition to peer review of your colleagues’ work and your own proofreading process of your own work.

Writing an annotated bibliography can help writers gain a good perspective on what is being said about the topic.

is to begin connecting the ideas of various authors.

Todd Walker is an amazing Lecturer and Faculty Development Coordinator for the Writing Program of the SFSU English Department.

reliable sources. 

Wikipedia

What insights am I having as I search and explore? What is surprising or unexpected?

We are (most likely) all familiar with google, and we’re also probably used to considering whether we believe a source or not, how legit it is, and whether it is, to use the parlance of our times, “fake news.”

we’ve gotta have a lot of different tools for a lot of different jobs

Here, reading is more about satisfying your personal curiosities about life’s conundrums, whether that’s answering questions about privilege or racism in your life, or questions about the future of the planet.

open to new ways of asking questions, open to new ways of finding information and knowledge from sources, open to relating to new perspectives that you will find in those sources.

Connect your ideas to those of other authors.

rhetorical situation

components of an essay.

Sentence Focus

This strategy gives you the ability to prioritize the revisions you are going make in consideration of making changes that will have the greatest effect on your paper

evision is the real work of writing and is the most time consuming step of the writing process.

Communicating through writing does not go away at a certain point in life.

expressive writing is a process that takes time since thinking and expressing your thoughts, and considering and developing your ideas takes time.

esearch may occur later in your writing process as you create a writing plan and discover you would like to learn about other points of view about your topic.

metacognitively reflect on your reading, writing, and research in various stages of these processes, in visual and creative ways.

Taking a step away from your writing plan and looking at it after a pause, you will see where and how you might explain connections, develop the connection/s you see between your topics and evidence, which is your analysis.

A common way to organize your ideas is the good ol’ outline. You can use an outline to determine the order in which you will address the topics in your paper and see your ideas from in linear fashion, which will help you see where you need more evidence to support your topic.

Practice and experiment

Now that Dan has taken you through the reading process, before I take you through these steps, let me share with you what you will learn from engaging with the writing process.

This is not a promotion of ignoranceThis is a linguistic celebration

But who controls articulation?

And announced that I'm"articulate"

make connections between sentences; ask yourself what the author was intending to do here

the way you read and annotate in a Literature class will vastly differ from the way you read, annotate, and probably take additional notes when reading a Biology textbook.

The world has changed and most people read on screen these days, both for school and leisure.

Using reading as a way into writing

that genres are also continually changing

Some fundamental practices of active reading, like annotation, are universal but adaptable based on how you develop

Seek relevant authoritative information and recognize the meaning and value of that information

what are your learning goals as a student???

share ways students can advocate for their own learning.

personal story or stories that have greater symbolism and/or meaning for how the author sees themselves and defines their identity.

Every premise in this text up until now is based on the importance of one’s experience to who they are as a learner, reader, and writer.

they argue that English is not a fixed language, yet has still been used to uphold fixed standard for achievement tests where naturally those who have continually “failed” come out believing that “reading and writing is not for them.

Still, some of our students come into our classes every semester and proclaim that “Reading and writing is not for them,” or “Literature is not my thing.”

On the outer edge, when teachers don’t adequately assess what students don’t know yet, because they haven’t asked them

Therefore, the optimal zone for learning is the “Growth Zone,” right between “comfort” and “panic.” Growth happens when learners work through the appropriate level of challenge; challenge should be determined both by your teacher and the way they set up their classroom; and by you and the way you set up your flexible, growth mindset.

The next premise of this textbook is that learning must be challenging.

Everybody Learns Differently

Testing effectively encapsulates what is “wrong” with traditional schooling in our view.

students will be motivated to learn based on genuine curiosity, problem solving, and a curriculum that revolves around their lives.

as most of us are lucky enough to be taught basic comprehension in elementary school and don’t give much thought to the act of reading after that, except as a chore for school that it usually becomes around junior high.

. Without being able to read, these impoverished workers could not negotiate contracts or learn about how to defend their rights.

In a short answer, because that’s how learning happens best. No matter what your instructor’s philosophy of teaching, if they are using this textbook you can probably assume they agree with us, Kohn and countless others who believe that learning happens constructively, or through a “constructivist approach,” that always has to involve students.

This approach is the foundation of active learning and what makes learning engaging, fun, and ultimately the most rewarding for both you, the students, and us, the teachers.

Hence, this is the foundation of learning that will frame all of our activities in this textbook, where learning is not just about reading information and memorizing it, but where what you get out of this text largely depends on the energy you put back into it through our Discussion Forums, annotation prompts and further conversations ‘in the margins’ using hypothes.is. We are excited about the Open Educational Resource (OER) online format of this text because it allows open spaces for collaboration of ideas, using hypothes.is, to help you “learn by doing” even when reading at home. This approach is the foundation of active learning and what makes learning engaging, fun, and ultimately the most rewarding for both you, the students, and us, the teachers.

There are dozens of theories about learning, and while we do borrow from Lev Vygotsky’s “Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)” when he describes how educators have to be responsive to young learners’ best “zones” for learning, we have narrowed our discussion to theories of adult learning that have been proven to work best actively and collaboratively. This is called constructivist learning, where the knowledge in the classroom is constructed from below (which requires that students are collaborating with teachers)—as opposed to knowledge or information delivered from the top (where teachers deliver a lecture).

We would like to start this journey by first preparing you with the mindsets that will empower you to grow and learn through various college situations that you will encounter. To properly develop these mindsets, it’s important to start with a fundamental question: What is learning, and how do we learn best?

The way we will frame the ensuing text about learning, reading, writing, research, and college life in general is through the metaphor and real experience of a journey. Like all trips, this book will have a beginning and an end, with a middle that will provide many insights and stories from our teaching that are hopefully memorable because they relate to your own experience. In fact, one premise of this book is that all meaningful reading and writing is personally motivated in some way: motivated by your connections, motivated by your passions and interests as students. And although your college journey will come to an end in four, five, or six years, we hope that the lessons, practices, and habits that you will learn and practice through this interactive textbook will transfer to many courses, and beyond to many life situations in your career and elsewhere.

Responsibility, Metacognition: To reflect on your own learning styles and build strategies for reading and writing based on your individual learning process.

Engagement in Active Learning: Introduce how this textbook and classroom activities will engage students in active learning as they read, to engage students with interactive experiences during the process of learning and reading.

Engagement in Active Learning: Introduce how this textbook and classroom activities will engage students in active learning as they read, to engage students with interactive experiences during the process of learning and reading.Openness, Flexibility: Prepare your mindset to be flexible and open to new reading and writing situations in college; reinforce the growth mindset model and prepare students with strategies to control their reading and writing growthResponsibility, Metacognition: To reflect on your own learning styles and build strategies for reading and writing based on your individual learning process.

When I tell you to remember, I need you to never forget where you come from, who you are, who I am,before this the jungle and mountains were our home

So when I tell you to speak up, the screams of my people echo in the shadows of a white man’s ignorance.