function
Why couldn't you start out with this equation and then describe the transformations according to this equation. Now I have constants all over the place that were c, but are now a and my notes suck.
function
Why couldn't you start out with this equation and then describe the transformations according to this equation. Now I have constants all over the place that were c, but are now a and my notes suck.
about
around
and
This explanation does nothing for me.
Saying that x-3=0, x=3 tells me the x value when y=0.
. This subtraction represents a shift of the function y=x2
You're missing some math here, but I see it below.
argument
we've never called this an argument before. It's known as a variable. Inserting x-2 for x is known as a composite function.
Write
Determine
2)
1) ?
Since
How so?
For each of the following functions, determine the domain of the function.
Determine the domain of each function.
If
Where's the math for this? I can determine that the maximum for f(x) occurs at f(0)=2 and the minimum for f(x) occurs at f(+-2)=0, so 0<=y<=2.
also
We just said that.
These
I'm having trouble following your math because you are skipping steps.
By allowing for compositions of root functions and rational functions, we can create other algebraic functions. For example, f(x)=4−x2 is an algebraic function.
This is out of order
Use the graph to determine the value of p that maximizes revenue. Find the maximum revenue.
I kind of need that information in order to sketch the graph...?
Models
trend lines, trajectories, regression lines, extrapolation, forecasting, expectations, projections, predictions....
develop models
although one can develop those equations, functions, graphs, and other mathematical tools in the field on the spot, mostly they are available by computer to compute with. I prefer to learn how to stand on my own two feet in the field like what is expected of me when I travel to other locations than where my primary hired workplace is.
of
f(x)
equation
function
formula
equation
of
f(x)
of
f(x)
quadratic
Where is the derivation for this equation?
values
This is the first instance of us looking at +-infinity as domains and ranges.
point
I might say that if there is more than one point to choose from, you wouldn't usually use this equation unless you were trying to get the equation of the line in slope-intercept form, but the point-slope equation for the line will depend on your choice of points, and the slope-intercept form of the line won't.
assuming
estimating that
slope
So, I used (x_1,y_1) like the definition said and came up with f(x0-2=.5(x+3)
Consider
determine
Consider line L
Why are we naming the line L and then never mentioning it again?
equation
I appreciate the derivation.
Definition
This should have introduced this section and been the basis for which you explained everything else.
words
You have m for slope in the definition below, don't you want y=mx+b?
formula
equation. Also, don't you want y=mx+b?
points
could this be "ordered pairs"?
line
no a=U?
interpret
explain
graph
graph a function....
Describe
explain
Find
determine
Recognize
identify
solutions
where's the math for this?
x−3=.5(y−4)
x-3=-.5(y−4)
: Working with the Absolute Value Function
The "why's" of the math are not well explained. I'm struggling to see why there are two solutions?
If
I think the definition should have been before these statements.
Find
Analyze or determine.
Let
Given
Let
Given
state
determine
state
determine
Evaluate
determine
Evaluate
determine
Find
analyze
Find
analyze
domain
extraneous \)Thedomainis\(
For
Equations given are:
function
You should have chosen which notation to use for the domain. Based on how the others were done, even though this is simpler to look at, I would have expected (-inf,-1)U(-1,1)U(1, inf)
Interval
if, when?
, at most,
not sure why this is set off with commas.
A function can have one y-intercept at most.
formula
equation
a formula
an equation
formula
equation
formula
equation
formula
equation
formulas
equations
Formulas
Equations
formula
equation
formula
Why are we calling equations formulas?
for
of. It belongs to it, it's not for it.
set-builder
I never remember learning set-builder notation other than recently.
To show that every element in this set is in the range, we need to show that for a given y in that set, there is a real number x such that f(x)=(x−4)2+5=y. Solving this equation for x, we see that we need x such that (x−4)2=y−5.This equation is satisfied as long as there exists a real number x such that x−4=±y−5 Since y≥5, the square root is well-defined. We conclude that for x=4±y−5, f(x)=y, and therefore the range is
I remember finding domain and range, but defining that by solving for x is new to me.
For each of the following functions, determine the i. domain and ii. range.
Determine the i. Doman and ii. Range of each of the following functions.
For f(x)=x2−3x+5, evaluate f(1) and f(a+h).
Evaluate f(1) and f(a+h) for f(x)=x^2-3x+5. Why use unnecessary commas.
Weird extra bracket stuff in answer.
For the function f(x)=3x2+2x−1, evaluate:
Evaluate the function at
rule
equation
denote
identify
denote
identify
domain
set A in domain D.
consider the function f,
So regarding the picture above, if x in domain {1, 2, 3, 4} equals 2, then f(2)=4 in range {2, 4, 6}.
determined
a function of
elements
I don't remember a lot of math about sets and elements.
ordered pairs
called points
formulas
by formulas, are you saying that you will derive them and show how they are built so that we can learn modeling for analysis?
a continuous function on a closed interval will have absolute extrema,
We defined local extrema occurring on an open interval, and theorem 3.1.1 does not state this explicitly, which does not infer an absolute maximum and absolute minimum on a closed interval...???
That's enough of this book for me.
relative
local
It does not say "All critical numbers produce relative extrema."
This point is moot.
occur at
are defined as
relative
local
relative
local
relative
local
relative
local
relative
local
relative
local
relative
local
relative
local
relative
local
relative
what about the local extrema at x=0?
relative
local
relative
local
relative
local
are often used as synonyms f
these are not synonyms: you want local
local
local
critical value
critical number, c is a number. x is a value of f. (c,f(c)) is a point.
not defined
undefined.
Your vocabulary and sentence structures matter.
undefined
would be nice to mention here that this is not a continuous function because of it.
At each of these points, evaluate f′.
Evaluate f' at each of these points.
Why use commas if you don't need to?
maxima
new word
minima
new word
point
none of this was about local minimum, why didn't you include this in your analysis, and why did you say "it seems"?
At each of these points, evaluate f′.
Evaluate f' at each of these points.
Why use commas if you don't need to?
Approximate
Why would I approximate something given? List
minimum
minimums are either local minimums or absolute minimums. The same with maximums. Minimum and maximum are too general. I have never heard this referred to as a relative minimum/maximum. Are you trying to use these definitions as related to open and closed intervals? Why not separate those sections.
The graph is drawn in such a way to draw attention to certain points. It certainly seems that the smallest y value is −27, found when x=3. It also seems that the largest y value is 25, found at the endpoint of I, x=5. We use the word seems, for by the graph alone we cannot be sure the smallest value is not less than −27. Since the problem asks for an approximation, we approximate the extreme values to be 25 and −27.
How are we approximating exact values? Also, we should be using the definition to define the answer. f(c)<=f(x) for all x on I, f(c)=-27. f(c)>=f(x) for all x on I, f(c)=25.
extreme values.
extrema
explores
determines
class
category
Extreme Values
Extrema
}
random bracket
extreme values
They're just called the extrema.
Theorem 24: Glossary of Derivatives of Elementary Functions
How many theorems do we need that repeat the same information?
Theorem 23: Derivatives of Inverse Trigonometric Functions
Just a reminder, I am using this book to reinforce what I've learned, not just to gather information.
Remember
I'm sure you could have written this with math.
examples
I'm not seeing more than one example. I really need more examples.
earn
garner
\quad \text{ and }\quad 2. \left(f^{-1}\right)^\prime (x)=g^\prime (x) = \frac{1}{f^\prime(g(x))}\)
?
one to one if it passes the horizontal line test
The level of difficulty of this book is all over the place. Some things you don't cover well, others you bring up the most basic ideas that were already covered. Some things are just incomplete like the missing error analyzation of f(c+h) (because math is an analyzation, and calculus is another method of analyzation). I'm 2.7 sections into this book and am seriously thinking about dropping it for another book, but you went over the derivative at a point so well otherwise, and other books won't do that. SO...?
we do not have f(x1)=f(x2).
What's wrong with the "does not equal" sign?
Thus the equation of the tangent line is y=1.6833(x−1.5)+1.837
Isn't f'(c)=2.582?
We can see that y′′>0 when y<0 and y′′<0 when y>0.
I'd really like to see where that's coming from, but it's not here.
expression
Is there a chance you should substitute y=sqrt(1-x^2) and simplify?
Theorem 21: Power Rule for Differentiation
Why is this all the way out here? It was covered in Theorem 12?
differentiation
lol: apply lots of algebra!
explicit functions
We've never called them explicit functions until now. Maybe bring that up much earlier when we start talking about them.
where a>0, a≠1 is constant.
what?
skills
Again, t=(u+v)/w u: u'=ab'+a'b, where b=cos(c), and c=x^(-2) v: d=-h^2, h-sin(j), j=e^4x w: k=ln(m), m=x^2+5x^4 t'=(u'v-v'u)/w^2
step--by--step.
much easier to say: u=v^5, v=tan(w), w=6x^3-7x u'=5v^4v', v'=sec^2(w)w', w'=18x^2-7 f'(x)=5v^4v'=5(tan(w)^4)sec^2(w)w'=5tan(6x^3-7x)sec^2(6x^3-7x)*(18x^2-7)
e
or uv'.....
Again
Why not also factor out the 5x^2?
step--by--step.
The step-by-step is missing.
employ
I recognized that 1/e^(-x^2)=e^(x^2) and used the product rule, which I find easier. I also used the u and v notation which made everything look less complicated.
proceed step--by--step
where's the step-by-step?
substitute
Isn't u=g(x)? This is confusing as written. Use the u to make things clearer.
leads
It is strange to see the answer with a factored numerator and non-factored denominator.
Example 61: Using the Chain Rule
Yeah, shouldn't this have been placed before Theorem 19?
derivatives
You;re not using the u notation, and it makes it confusing.
and
what about y'=f'(u)*u'?
there
Does this equation assume that the tangent line is below the function, and should absolute value brackets be used?
Small
are you going to walk us through the error between calculating it using the tangent line as a delta-h instead of the curve? There would be some df error between f(c) and f(c+h) using the tangent line instead of the function. It was difficult to determine from everything that we were, in fact, using the tangent line for our delta-h as opposed to the funciton.
small
A graphical explanation is required. Show f(x), tangent line f(c)+f'(c)(x-c) and/or f(c)+f'(c)×h, and maybe the secant line with (delta-y and delta-x). This will answer a lot of questions on its own.
What exactly is an f'(c)*h? Can we show it on a graph?
Clearly show in it that f(c+h)≠f(c)+f(h).
It is also good to note that h=x-c, or x=c+h. This would round out our understanding of the tangent line's notation.
In Examples 41 and 42 we made similar approximations. We were given rate of change information which we used to approximate total change. Notationally, we would say that
This should be introduced before the examples with variables defined in each example so that I can learn what you are talking about. P'(0)h=P(h) P(c+h)=P(c)+P'(0)h=P9c)*P(h)
A graph of this would help.
using a tangent line to approximate a function's value.
So y(c+h) is the next slope h units after c for some small h? We have not defined how small "small" is for h.
derivative
the graph of the slopes of f(x)
constant rate of change,
rate of change that is a constant
run
(c+h)-c
approximation
expectation
accurate
This is a large jump to go from this description to the notation. It should be better explained, with a breakdown of what each is and how it all adds up.
"When x changes, at what rate does f change?''
Put that in bold print.
approximation
extrapolation?
total change
approximate total change of...the function? the extrapolation? the trajectory? the trend line?
Understanding the graph of the derivative
The explanation that needs to go along with this is that a graph of f'(x) is a graph of the slopes of f(x) for all x, and that the slope of f(c) can be found at f'(c) for x=c.
it
it: the function? Or maybe the derivative, it's slope?
Product and Power Rules
You need more examples for these
Rewriting
no....? Ok, I thought you were still referring to example 54. This should be stated differently: Rewrite f.....
Find
Now would be a great time to use u and v, since you've called the entire equation f(x) instead of the numerator.
derivatives
since these are functions of x that are being evaluated, why not use the u and v notation?
have
so why haven't you evaluated it to finally be -x^3(ln(x))(sin(x))+x^2(cos(x))+3x^2(ln(x))(cos(x))?
. Find yprime
y^prime?
A proof of the Product Rule
I'm not sure why a derivation is being presented as an example.
we
I have problems with your choices of notation. y(x) is supposed to be for the tangent line, which is a strange notation that was never introduced. This function should have been called h(x)=f(x)g(x). Your notation for this chapter is wanting.
its tangent line
Is there a computation for this, or are we just eyeballing it?
Example 47: Using the tangent line to approximate a function value
Shouldn't this problem be further up? Also, it's not well-organized.
pedantic
pedantic is part of learning.
constant rate of change
rate of change that is a constant
If
Given
22
20?
e of 5/60 hours
?
}
misc bracket
}
misc bracket
Let f(x)=3x2+5x−7
Suppose
t is not the fraction "dy/dx
It is treated like a function in differential equations and the chain rule, so is it ok to leave it at this?
tangent line to the graph of f at
line tangent to f at c
Where's the derivation?
opposite
reciprocal
The equation of the tangent line to the graph of f at x=1.
The equation of the line tangent to f at x=1
Let
Suppose
equation
cursive letter? Why not g(x)?
small values of h
Why not use delta notation?
small values of h.
this is actually, and is not being stated, 2+h-2.
Let
Suppose
limits
what's going on with the brackets for a, b, and c?
Confirm
Determine
then
for x^n and x^m....
If n<m, then after dividing through by xm, all the terms in the numerator will approach 0 in the limit, leaving us with 0/bm or 0. If n>m, and we try dividing through by xn, we end up with all the terms in the denominator tending toward 0, while the xn term in the numerator does not approach 0. This is indicative of some sort of infinite limit.
I'd rather see these as examples.
coefficients
It isn't clear with this that n and m are only the exponents being talked about. I could not interpret it for n and m as subscripts of the coefficients, which is what I initally thought you were talking about.
gure ???(b). Whe
???
that
Why are you using y and f(x) interchangably?
1.6: Limits Involving Infinity
You should introduce this section noting that vertical and horizontal asymptotes are able to be determined, with vertical asymptotes investigating f(x)--> +- infinity and horizontal asymptotes investigating x--> +- infinity.
infinity
You should introduce the vertical asymptote here.
denominator
So we're not going to use that definition we just learned?
then
Explanations for each step are missing. Did you just square the |x-1| term?
Let
This choice of delta is not intuitive, please explain the reasoning.
Find
Determine
t \textit{the}
?