References are recent, including up to the previous year before publication.

Terminology is consistent with that of an academic work. Technical terms are used throughout. This N = 379 means that they had 379 athletes participating in this study.

Author credentials.

This is definitely a hard sell--they want you to buy their product and helpfully link it to you.

Fairly recent.

The author's name is linked and provided a biography. She has some credentials in the scientific field, although not specifically in paleontology: "Carolyn is the Earth & Climate writer at Science News. Previously she worked at Science magazine for six years, both as a reporter covering paleontology and polar science and as the editor of the news in brief section. … She has bachelor’s degrees in Geology and European History and a Ph.D. in marine geochemistry from MIT and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution."

The website is Science News. Looking at the About page, their goal appears to be to report scientific news and advancements. "Our mission is to provide independent, unbiased coverage of science and give people the tools to evaluate the news and the world around them." This is a worthy goal. However, due to its role as reporting on science, it may be worth it to go to the original source.

Searching sciencenews.org in Google (because the website title itself is so common) leads us to the Wikipedia page. It is a long-running publication (since 1922!) and there are no red flags.

Referring back to a previous report in 2011.

There is a sponsor: "Science News is published by the Society for Science & the Public, a nonprofit 501(c)(3) organization dedicated to expanding scientific literacy, effective STEM education and scientific research through its award-winning publications and world-class science education competitions." This organization does have a good rating from Charity Navigator, and outside links are neutral.

The URL is https://www.sciencenews.org/article/dinosaurs-thermoregulation-blood-vessels-head, which is a .org domain. .org does not show us anything regarding accuracy or authority so we need to look deeper.

This is very recent, which can be important in scientific fields.

The study is being done by experts in paleontology.

This citation shows that the page is a news report summarizing this original research. You should use the original research in your paper, not a summary. However, a summary can be helpful to determine what the content is about and if it is relevant to your research topic.

This is the title of this page.

You should also look up the author/company as well. Looking up Barrier Island Organics in Google only shows their website and other natural health sites listing them.

Always look for outside sources to support your resource. For instance, here is one from the University of Chicago medical center, written by a medical doctor: https://www.uchicagomedicine.org/forefront/health-and-wellness-articles/2018/august/debunking-the-health-benefits-of-apple-cider-vinegar

Because of the lack of supporting evidence, this site is not authoritative. If you are are interested in this topic, you should look for more well-referenced sources.

The About Us link reveals that this is an online store for apple cider vinegar. "We refined the recipe, obtained FDA approval, and started making it locally. The response to the product was overwhelming, and after only 2 small batches we could not keep up with demand."

This is a .com website. .com websites are frequently associated with commercial interests. Further evaluation on the page is needed to determine the purpose of this website.

Sites with a "Shop" link should be carefully evaluated to determine if they have a commercial interest.

This is actually a good study, but the results are neutral: "Scientific investigations do not support the use of vinegar as an anti-infective agent, either topically or orally. Evidence linking vinegar use to reduced risk for hypertension and cancer is equivocal. However, many recent scientific investigations have documented that vinegar ingestion reduces the glucose response to a carbohydrate load in healthy adults and in individuals with diabetes. There is also some evidence that vinegar ingestion increases short-term satiety. Future investigations are needed to delineate the mechanism by which vinegar alters postprandial glycemia and to determine whether regular vinegar ingestion favorably influences glycemic control as indicated by reductions in hemoglobin A1c. Vinegar is widely available; it is affordable; and, as a remedy, it is appealing. But whether vinegar is a useful adjunct therapy for individuals with diabetes or prediabetes has yet to be determined."

Now we get to some outside links, but they are dubious. "drberg.com" and "wabisabitea-kyoto.com/" don't inspire confidence.

Only one scientific study is alluded to. Everything else is just listed without references or external links.

Ah, I see! This website is selling apple cider vinegar! Of course they are going to tout that it has incredible health benefits!

This is the title of the page.

Hyperbole and biased language.

One of the few links to outside sources goes to "Green Med Info." Their summary is somewhat vague: "We studied the biological functions of apple vinegar produced from crushed apples, and found that the constituent neutral medium-sized alpha-glycan (NMalphaG) acts as an antitumor agent against experimental mouse tumors." This does not mean that it would work in humans, and could mean that even if it does, it would need much larger doses of this chemical than is found naturally in apple cider vinegar.

The purpose of the article appears to be to inform readers about the results of this study. There do not seem to be any outside sponsors, and the point of view is objective and impartial.

Overall, I did not see any grammar or spelling errors.

This image header states Peer-reviewed and accepted for publication. Peer-reviewed means that it has been reviewed by other researchers and experts in the field before being accepted.

The URL is https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6399013/. This is a .gov website. However, it is not as important for journal articles to be on specific top-level domains. Frequently they will appear on .com or .org websites.

This is 10 pages long. That is fairly in-depth.

The presence of sections such as Abstract, Method, Results, Conclusions, etc. are common in academic research and reports.

Here is the DOI. You will need this to cite the article.

It's okay to have older references as well! Some of these are very influential early discoveries that are still relevant.

There are 54 outside references included. There are direct links to look up each one in PubMed or Google Scholar and verify the accuracy.

More detailed information about the authors show that all three of them work for universities.

Here are the authors' conclusions within the abstract.

The abstract will summarize what the article is about--what the authors investigated and what they found.

Authors of the article. All three have advanced degrees.

Title of the article

Date (2018), volume (40), issue (3), and page range (pages 117-127). These will all be needed to cite the article.

2018 is very recent. Based on the content, however (social identity and peer influence), slightly older information would still be acceptable.

This is the PubMed website, a freely available medical database published by the National Library of Medicine.

This stands for Journal of Sports Exercise & Psychology, which shows that this resource is a journal article.