Now is the time to consider whether and, if so, how to regulate, rather than ban, the enhancement uses of this tech-nology.
the best form of regulation would be the prevention of companies and the government from monitoring the chips
100 Matching Annotations
- Nov 2020
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that once implanted there might never be a time or place when the individual could not be tracked, (2) remote stimula-tion of the brain could be used to cause behavior that the individual might not even be conscious of, and (3) if there are regions where the individual could not be tracked/controlled, then the individual could be "trained" so that they stay out of such areas
people like to act like our phones don't already do this; people like the security of the idea "my phone isn't a part of me therefore if I need to I can escape it" but we're so addicted to them that there's rarely a time we leave it alone
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Researchers at Caltech have recently succeeded in using implanted electrodes to detect activity in monkeys' "parie-tal reach region," where higher-level thoughts such as "get the key and use it" are generated
planet of the apes...
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The first subject, a quadriplegic 25-year-old, was successfully implanted with a brain chip that enables him to check e-mail, play computer games, control a television, and turn lights on and off by thought alone. n12
How easy is it to hack technology like this? That's a high risk element to have a brain chip
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Eric Drexler proposed that we build an active nanotechnologicalshield—a form of immune system for the biosphere—to defend against dangerousreplicators of all kinds that might escape from laboratories or otherwise be maliciouslycreated. But the shield he proposed would itself be extremely dangerous—nothing couldprevent it from developing autoimmune problems and attacking the biosphere itself
pretty sure this is just the plot of avengers age of ultron
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human beings, nature, and machines
I feel like these 3 players play with each other rather than against
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Stephen Wolfram
one of the main reasons I'm passing calc 2 rn
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the elite will have greater control over the masses;
.tech companies will be our overlords
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Schrodinger p
Schrodinger's cat. If you put a cat in a box you don't know the state of the cat until you open the box so therefore anything could happen to the cat while it's in box and we have no way of knowing SO rick and morty
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“magic of the soul,”
are humans the only creatures with magic of the soul?
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soul (and hencethe mind), acting through the pineal gland, was not restricted bythese limitations
is this where the soul would be located?
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o doubt these conscious brainprocesses move too slowly to be involved in each finger flex as Itype, but as long as they play their part in what I do down the road— such as considering what ideas to type up — then my consciousself is not a dead end, and it is a mistake to say my free will isbypassed by what my brain does
the concept of consciousness could have been evolved to help humans as they began to advance as tool builder and social creatures. In a tribe it probably helps to have a different personality or idea than others in order to help with the survival of the tribe
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moraland legal responsibility may be closebehind
where does this leave ethics?
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Event causation is the sort of causation studied by scientists. It occurs when one event causes another, such as when the lighting of a match causes an explosion
I personally think this makes more sense. It seems to follow the rules of cause and effect
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Consciousness of a decision arises only after the decision has already been made!
Could conscious response be a result of something like the subconscious making a decision prior to the response. Like the subconscious charges everything up and the conscious creates the response
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reason.com reason.com
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Like Alex in A Clockwork Orange, why shouldn't courts offer to let prisoners out if they agree to anti-drug vaccinations or other treatments?
do people just ignore the whole second half of the movie? he literally gets attacked by everyone he was shown to wrong and revert back to his ultraviolent ways after being tortured by the writer he paralyzed. the movie isn't addressing the technique itself rather the lingering effects of criminals and their actions if their criminal minds were curred
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Alex—as vicious a sociopath as you'll find in anywhere in print or on screen—contemplates committing "ultraviolence," he instantly becomes incapacitated by nausea
doesn't solve the problem its just a dam that'll burst again
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Our current penal sys-tem is based on the assumption that people are responsible for their behavior and deserve to be punished if they commit a crime
I feel like the criminal system to give retribution to those who have been wronged rather than punish actions
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Therefore, if causal determinism is true, we can’t be held responsible for our actions
doesn't this make the concept of good and bad pointless?
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The view that causal determinism is incompatible with free will is known as incompatibilism and is held by some who believe in free will
couldn't the variation of genetic and human environment be enough for some kind of free will among creatures, maybe not the traditional definition but definitely something that makes us act differently even with the fundamental laws in place
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www.theatlantic.com www.theatlantic.com
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electrical recordings from Kenneth’s brain
yoooo brain scans to prove innocence
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When patients were given a drug called pramipexole, some of them turned into gamblers. And not just casual gamblers, but pathological gamblers. These were people who had never gambled much before
Since we know so little about the brain and how it functions; drug development is like trying to play darts in the dark
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Alex’s sudden pedophilia illustrates that hidden drives and desires can lurk undetected behind the neural machinery of socialization
Do we all have the ability to be pedophiles or murderers then?
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legal cases involving brain damage crop up increasingly often
how much control do we have over ourselves in reality
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- Oct 2020
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www.edge.org www.edge.orgEdge.org2
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y dangerous idea is that we shall eventually grow out of all this and even learn to laugh at it, just as we laugh at Basil Fawlty when he beats his car
It's hard to laugh at this when cars don't kill loved ones; sure a person could be considered defective but that doesn't help a grieving family
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? Isn't the murderer or the rapist just a machine with a defective component? Or a defective upbringing? Defective education? Defective genes?
I don't think it's the same; rape and murder have lasting effects on the victim that will stay with them. If my computer gets a virus I don't get PTSD and other psychological issues from it.
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Taken together, the patterns consistently predicted whether test subjects eventually pushed a button with their left or right hand
It is fair to gage free will on an experiment that only gives person 2 choices
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www.theguardian.com www.theguardian.com
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"Do we want to become a 'Minority Report' society where we're preventing crimes that might not happen?,"
Personally, I don't think crime can ever be prevented. Criminals will always find ways around the law and ways to break it that how criminals work
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f we don't pay after delivery, we must pa
Delivery is guaranteed; crime isn't
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as left with her in a sealed envelope. The cheque is cashed immediately, and at 10.31 the next day Algy exceeds the speed limit on Wilderness One exactly as described in his fixed pena
Couldn't this be a get out of jail free card in way? I already got punished so why not speed anyways
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warrant
warrant for brain scan?
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What they seek to reveal instead lies in the less35privileged sphere of sensory recall and perceptual recogni-tion about a particular set of facts or the state of past events.
Ignores who the person is and focuses on the facts they can recall
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notonlyfailedtofooltheinvisibleinquisitor,Imanagedtoincriminatemyselfwithoutevenopeningmymouth
Doesn't this violate your 5th amendment right
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polygraph,thestandardlie-detectiontoolemployedbylawenforcementandintelligenceagenciesfornearlyacentury
Polygraphs are actually notorious for being inaccurate. There are classes about how to always pass a test
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Could planting ‘beneficial’ false memories be the next big thing for tacklingobesity, or myriad other health complaints from fear of the dentist to depression?
if people are forced to have these memories planted then I disagree with it being beneficial because they don't have the freedom to choose if they want the memory or not
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. Now ask yourself: are you sure this event truly happened?
Its really common for a memory to get distorted over time; it's like a fisherman telling a story and continuously increasing the size of fish each time he tells it
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- Sep 2020
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On the other hand, rapid or radical changes of memories might cause a disruption of our unified self image.
Imagine if you were like 25 and erased your high school memories; how disorienting that would be to who you are as a person
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Propranolol dampens emotional parts of memories
Long term effect on emotional reactions and feeling things?
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However, memory manipulation or memory erasure causes ethical questions.
How do we control the memories we erase; sure you could forget about people you've killed in war but what are the chances you delete your marriage or the birth of your kids?
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Psychological studies have shown that a surprisingnumber of our own memories – even about keyautobiographical facts – are actually incorrect or evenfalse
I've read that some of your childhood memories might not have even happened; that we created them as we got older
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we could end upbelieving in falsehoods if we forget tragedies.
deleting memories seems like an opportunity to be ignorant of your own mistakes
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—why shouldn’t he be able to do away with that sad memory, if it isa safe process, and could lead to a significant increase in happiness
Seems like a tool to eventually be abused by the common public to erase mundane stuff like getting rejected from a job or failing a test
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Dr. Arthur Caplan,now the head of the division of bioethics at New York University, said thatmemory-erasing treatments don’t really change who we are
I feel like rats might not have the same sense of self and awareness as we do
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ut in order to answer this, one must firstdetermine the value of a memory.
memory helps you grow as a person, without it everyone would be assholes and act like children because they'd remove all their shame and regrets that drive them to improve
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, physical pain couldbring her to orgasm.
kinky
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Sigmund Freud
Sigmund Freud: big cocaine guy
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A Clockwork Orange,
Spoiler alert. The Ludovico Technique didn't work and Alex went right back to doing all his violent crimes with his gang. One of my favorite books though up there with A Brave New World
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. Evenwhen the free rats could eat up all of a quantity of chocolate beforefreeing the trapped rat, they mostly preferred to free their cage-mate.
Could be an instinct to protect members of the same species to ensure survival
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A news search for the words “hero saves” will routinely turn upstories of bystanders braving oncoming trains, swift currents andraging fires to save strangers from harm. Acts of extreme kindness,responsibility and compassion are, like their opposites, nearlyuniversal
There are naturally good and bad people in the world
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scientific knowledge and cognitive ability will put in an increasing numberof people’s hands ‘weapons of mass destruction’
Science has always been the cause of good and evil though. Before computers I doubt there were hackers that were able to steal your bank information as easily as its done today
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amphetamine
fun fact: any type of amphetamine has similar effects on the brain as meth, or methamphetamine; realistically prescription amphetamines and opioids are the same as legal meth and heroin. In fact, the only difference between adderall and meth is that meth has an extra methyl group bonded to a nitrogen while adderall just has two hydrogens on it's nitrogen
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Itwas also found to enhance digit span, visual pattern recognition memory, spatial planningand reaction time/latency on different working memory tasks.
sounds like the drug zach was proposing in the other article we read
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What is prudentially good for you may, however, be prudentially bad for others, foryour success in respect of fulfilling your prudential goals may make it more difficultfor others to fulfil their prudential goals. F
I'm not a fan of the whole "putting others at a disadvantage" argument...it's not like everything fair right now or ever was.
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If the qualifications arejustified, then the neurointervention may be necessary tomeet those qualifications
As neurointerventions become more readily available, could they become a normal standard similar to computers and cell phones in the work place?
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venwith the many federal laws and associated litigation, nolaw requires an employer to hire an unqualified employee
do some qualifications allow for bias?
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‘‘laborsaving’’ technologies would reduce our work week to 30,20, or even 15 hours
Fun fact: shorter work weeks are linked to increased productivity and overall happiness in workers
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including preventingmemories of secret negotiationso
memory altercation would allow for soooooo many illegal activities
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eurotechnology offers the promise of getting at thisinformation more quickly, more objectively, and moresubstantively, even getting at information the job applicantmay themselves be unaware of.
Can these tests have bias?
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Alpha Accountingstrongly promotes this practice, particularly as com-petition with other firms heats up
This seems like the best scenario since all workers are taking it therefore on the same level of enhancement
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We do not recommend a specific moral judg-ment but instead introduce the issues,
Focus more on the actual issue and understanding it before deciding if its right or wrong
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What if I’m derailed by a bad test score, or a mangled chemistry course?
A lot of the drug problems can be solved by not putting so much pressure on the graded performance of the student rather than letting them learn naturally
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era of doping may be looming in academia,
Hell yeah, it's about time the sciences had their own steroid era
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era of doping may be looming in academia
Hell yeah. Science's steroid era
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ather not participate in cognitive enhancement will be forced to just to keep up with their enhanced coworkers,
This problem already exists though. People that can afford tutors for the SATs do statistically better than those who can't afford one and the same goes for athletes with personal trainers or home gyms vs doing push ups in your basement. There's always going to be a group of people that can't keep up with another group based on something they can't really control
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One of the most common objections to cognitive enhancement--one that Gattaca addresses in the context of genetic engineering--stems from the fear that cognitive enhancements might exacerbate social inequality by disproportionately advantaging elites.
A Brave New World by Aldous Huxley tackles similar issues; he paints the caste system as almost different species of humans where they're altered to be unable to wonder about why the class above or below them acts and looks the way they do
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genetic engineering
CRISPR/CAS9 babyyyyyy; such cool technology on the verge of being a reality
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here are signs that the technology could improve language acumen, math ability, and eve
External enhancements don't both me as much as internal enhancements. I'd feel better having a hat shoot currents through my head than have a chip put in
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ad” or otherwise “assess” someone’sthoughts, emotions, states or attitudes, potentially affectingpeople’s moral or social behavior
This could be considered a risk that people are willing to undergo, similar to how we allow microphones and cameras to be everywhere and collecting information. The only difference that the computers are inside you now.
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Thus, such techniques may raise concerns inrelation to free will, privacy, agency, and liability, giventheirpotential ability to “read” or otherwise “assess” someone’sthoughts, emotions, states or attitudes, potentially affectingpeople’s moral or social behavior
If enhancements were made optional, would that make the potential to spied on a choice; similar to how we choose to surround ourselves with computers, cameras, and microphones, the only difference being they're inside us?
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CIs, instead, havetraditionally been more concerned with providing means tocompensate for absent or lost functionality in people withsevere motor disabilitie
Does this qualify someone as a cyborg or android?
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Only much less frequently research has been carried out onhumans, mostly on individuals with motor disabilities
What's the line of thinking for using people with motor disabilities as a test subject?
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a complexitythat rivals our own
I'm always skeptical when animals are described as rivaling us. I haven't heard of a dolphin doing organic chemistry
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human-like level of self-awareness
does this mean there's like a dolphin religion and dolphins are aware of death and stuff?
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Imagine that someone were to state in their living will that should they succumb to PVS, their body may be maintained on life-support and used not only as a sourceof organs but for testing drugs, training medical and nursing students on intubation and other procedures, or even dissection.
If it's what the person wants, let them have it
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self-motivated activity
What constitutes a self motivated activity? Something as complicated as going to college to get a dream job or something as simple as gather food for your ant colony?
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If the soul is immaterial, then it can have no location in space, and thus cannot be contained by any physical brain or body
My biggest problem with the idea of an immortal soul that can exist beyond the life of a body is the how. You can make the argument that data doesn't but once you destroy the system board and hard drive all the data is lost and can never be recovered again; so what happens with a soul and where can it go?
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What is the relationship between the soul and the body (or the mind and the brain)?
My personal belief on this matter is the idea of a soul is an idea spawned fromour highly advanced brains
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the patient might choose to forego life-sustaining technology suchas dialysis or a respirator
As a trained lifeguard (impressive I know) we're taught that in order to save anyone we have to ascertain consent from the person we intend to rescue, if we don't get consent we're open to lawsuits because the patron might've been able to save themselves or something along those lines
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A moral person's actual dutyis determined by weighing and balancing all competing prima facie duties inany particular case
So is actual duty taking a step back and thinking about the options while prima facie is reacting before thinking?
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d . Shou ld he be praisedfor savingher
What about praising the dude in a wheelchair?
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t. We knowthat th ese commandsar e immoral , eventhoughthe Bib letell s us that they comefrom Go
Let's not forget all the parts of the Bible that justify slavery and provide the logistics of buying and selling slaves
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Cul tural relat
Sounds like a challenge against the idea of free will, although we think we create our own moral compasses we are merely a product of the style and society we were raised in
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, we are mer ely sayingthat weapproveof
Right and wrong are as arbitrary as good and evil, we determine what's right and wrong as much as we decide what's good and what's evil; and in 100 years that line could change again where we're all on the side of morally wrong.
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that al l humanbeings
They said "all human beings" but left out a few groups of people
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ome sociobio logists
What's a sociobiologist?
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nquisition
Nobody expects the Spanish Inquisition
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id, was not an act of malice.It wa s an act of
I feel like this is a true act of love; if I lost the ability to use any of my limbs I doubt I would want to live because my life wouldn't be the way I wanted at all. Sure you're still alive, but can you really call being stuck in a hospital bed, unable to move for the remainder of your consciousness truly alive?
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Appealto Tradition
At what point do personal biases come into play during a fallacy? Appeal to Tradition sounds like it's rooted in the biases that we were raised to believe and that because we have been raised that way they have to be true or good
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ple: “Eithersc ience can explainho w she was cu red or it was amir ac
Science used to be unable to explain how to stop polio or small pox and now it can. Science is a process and although it can't explain something in the current moment, eventually it will. The false dilemma seems like it deals in absolutes and only a sith deals in absolutes
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Althoughthey are all ma mmals,their biology is by no
My only problem with this argument is that as success rates are shown in animals like rats, test start to include monkeys and apes as reference to a system much more similar to humans then eventually moving on to humans
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. An inductivearg ument that would est ablis h its conc lusion wit h a highdegree of probabilityif it s premiseswere t
Could an inductive argument be considered true until proven wrong?
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HypotheticalSyllogism
Transitive property shout out high school geometry
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In these argum ents, the co nclusio n com
Arguments 4, 5, and 6 seem to be a lot more forceful; could that be because the conclusion comes before the reason?
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be anyth ing but logical . In phil osophy ,the term “argument”is rese rved for those claims in which ther e is suppo sedlya logical relationbetwe en the premisesand the co nc
Seems like philosophy takes out some of the presumed aggressive connotations around the idea arguing
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- Aug 2020
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Could we exist inside a computer
I don't think we could, unless the computers had the ability to allow us to experience the 5 senses because so much of the human experience is experiencing the world itself
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Brave New World
Awesome book
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According to Skinner, we are robots that are programmed by our environment.
This makes sense, computer circuit networks are often compared to the brain's neuron networks; so who's to say we're nothing more than a bunch of clever, living, and self aware computers
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Whether or not we have consciously considered any of these questions, we all unconsciously assume certain answers to them
Could our subconscious answers to these questions be categorized as our personal instinct?
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Because the kinds of lives we lead are determined by the philo-sophical beliefs we hold, we ignore philosophy at our peril. If our philosophy is flawed, we may well spend our lives pursuing false ideals, worshipping false gods, and nurturing false hopes
When do these opinions become false? Who decides what's right and wrong or false and true?
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Unlike most questions, they can’t be answered by scientific investigation
At what point can these questions be investigated with science, before people knew about the functions of organs they questions what was inside humans and how we worked; at what point can science be applied to philosophy
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