Before reading this chapter I had never tied meme with the biological evolution, and I didn't know that the term "meme" comes from gene. It is very interesting to me how memes are spreading just like evolution process. Memes are spread super easily, and people edit it and spread it in so many different ways but still keeps the main theme. It is very interesting how people find different ways to express themselves on the internet with different memes.

A bean dad is about a person named John Roderick who tweeted a story of his 9-year-old daughter asking him to open a can of beans, but John Roderick thinks she should figure out how to open it herself. His daughter ended up spending hours just to open the can of beans. After he posted the tweet, people started accusing him, saying it is an abuse for him to treat his daughter like that. After this drama, people discovered more about John Roderick’s past controversies. Shortly, people turned this into a meme. Users edited this story to fit in a different scene. 

Majority of the times, people stay on one video for longer because they are interested at the content of the video. However, what if people continue playing that video just because they are doing something else and not paying attention to the video. I'm curious about wether the platform would count that as the interested content? Does the company only evaluate the amount of time that user spends on one video, or is there other perspective in the evaluation.

Systemic bias is a tendency of a particular outcome that favors or disfavors specific social groups. It is interchangeable with the term institutional bias and structural bias. Most of the times, systemic bias is used towards minorities, and it can lead to institutional racism. Due to systemic bias that occurs in organizations, it causes human resource mistreatment and decrease the productivity and viability of organizations.

There is no actual way to determine whether someone is disabled or not since it is determined by the social expectation. We can't say someone is disabled just because they are not like what we expect them to be. Maybe disability is biased. Designers who have that mindset cannot take people with disabilities into consideration because they are not a part of them so they wouldn't understand. Disabled people's voices are also always underheard by the society because they are the minority, and not a lot of the majority care about them enough. Honestly, I can't imagine how inconvenient it is to live in this society as a disabled person.

This URL is about Autism. The authors of this article think Autism shouldn't be considered as a disability. They think Autism can be disabling due to the co-occurs like dyslexia. People think Autism is a disability because of the misconceptions of meltdowns, and limited speech. The author of this article point out an idea of Autism people's brain function differently than common people, however, it doesn't mean that they are disabled.

This section makes me think on the internet nowadays, there's absolutely no way to keep your information to yourself. People's information is in so many different companies, and users would not know how their information is being used either. Users has no control over their own privacy although it's something about themselves.

This is an article about how Facebook employee abusing their access of data to harass women. The author of the book An Ugly Truth: Inside Facebook’s Battle for Domination wrote about the crises that happened within the Facebook company over the past five years. It is very scary to me how employee abuses their power and put women in such dangerous position; and the woman won’t be able to know how her information gets leaked.

My first though when I saw this is that they've been doing well on keeping people using their site. Personally, I am really affected by this because it works so well and I spend so much time on scrolling on my phone. Although this help people to see more interesting content but it really makes people addicted to the internet.

This URL is about Facebook collecting data on people who do not sign up for Facebook. It uses “shadow profile” to achieve that. Shadow profile is when Facebook already has enough data to create a profile even though people don’t use it anymore. It also talked about how Facebook use browsing history and information from users’ friends to collect data from non-users. Facebook uses those datasets for analytics. It is very interesting that there is actually no way to stop Facebook from collecting non-users’ data.

I think the best way to deal with trolling is what is mentioned in 7.4, just ignore the trolling. Those people who is trolling other people online probably doesn't have anything to do in their own life or they are not happy with their life, so they go online and trying to ruin other people's life too. Trollers get more excited to see reaction from people who is being trolled, but if troller doesn't get any respond, they will find it boring and leave themselves.

Trolling is a slang to describe when internet users are intentionally posting things online to make other people upset. It can also be called pranking, making fun of other people to entertain themselves. The term troll was first used in 1992. There are many different types of trolling; Griefing, flaming, raiding, shock trolling, baiting and switching, advice trolling, newbie trolling, snipe hunting, and concern trolling. Trolling can be considered a type of cyberbullying.

I see parasocial relationship on the internet all the time. Any tiny connection or feelings can create a parasocial relationship. Influencers and their fans or even just followers. Creating a parasocial relationship with viewers online can bring large profit to the influencers. Viewers are promoting influencers and celebrities based on the parasocial relationship that they have which make them feel connected.

This link talks about how anonymity online could be both harmful and beneficial for people. While it is hiding people from disrespecting or abusing others, it is protecting minorities from violence. For instance, women and LGBTQ individuals. Survivors of domestic violence rely on anonymity online to hide and heal from abusers. In the passage, it mentions that trans and queer women face threats online and offline, so anonymity protects their privacy from being invaded and attacked by others.  Survivors should also not be asked to leave the internet because it is not fair for them to get punished for someone else’s mistake. So if it is needed, use a fake name for your social media account to protect your privacy. 

Although it is important that people have free speech to express themselves on the internet. It is also very important to make the community inclusive and comfortable for all the users. In most of social medias nowadays; there's people who's working for the company to filter what content is okay to be spread on the internet. Internet should not be a place where people go crazy and doesn't care about what they say just become it is anonymous and other people don't know who they are.

User friction keeps users from achieving goals that they desire to do online. There are three types of user friction, emotional friction, interaction friction, and cognitive friction. Emotional friction is when something online is hard to use which create negative feeling for users and prevent users from doing what they willing to do. Interaction friction is when aa website is too confusing and hard to navigate. The website is complicated to use which may cause user giving up on using the website. Lastly, cognitive friction occurs when a website doesn't achieve users expectation. This article also talks about three types of clicking which often occurs when users loose patience on doing something and start clicking whatever they see one the website.

While I think simplification in some case is not benefiting some individuals, however I do think for the most of time it is benefiting the majority. Simplification benefits efficiency, and most of the time, the answer to the question is very subjective. In the example that's giving here, some people will think that they are count as living in the house and some does not. Unless it is a government website which the truth matter, simplification does increase the efficiency.

In this post, the person is asking what should they do if there last name is too long, and in the comment section, people are either helping or sharing same experience. I found this interesting because as a person with a short last name, I never thought it would be a problem for people. And why would the website designer put a limit on how long your last name should be; I don't quite understand the purpose of this limit and honestly I'm curious about why.

This source is very helpful for people who want to use the same account but have grown more mature over time and have different views of things. It is also a tutorial to help people to hide what they don't want people they know now to see from their past. It is benefitting everyone, including the people who shared controversial opinions or people who insulted others on the internet.

People trying to be bots and bots trying to be more human-like make social media more confusing. Because of AI technology, it is getting harder and harder to distinguish whether something is true or not. Although the easy access of AI brings a lot of convenience for people, the easy access also benefits people who have bad intentions. Those people can use AI to cause a bad scene and users can't distinguish if it's true or not, causing people to believe those unreal things and use them against each other.

There is no absolute truth to wether something is right or wrong. Ethics is based on what most people agreed on. In this society, sometimes people ignore their own feelings and just agreed on something because majority thinks that way. In some cases, people could be "unethical" just because they have a unpopular opinion or look at a stuff another way. One behavior could be ethical in one culture and unethical in another which shows how moral standards are very subjective.

I totally disagree with the divine command theory. If people are being stop to do certain things just because God said it is right or wrong, then religion is losing its purpose. God should be a figure that creates hope and faith for people, not limiting people based on what God says. To me Divine Command Theory sounds like using God as a weapon to force people to behave a certain way. Not everything should be related to religion and not everyone has the same believe. Therefore, it is important to listen to your thoughts and using reasoning to decide your opinion on something. Human are unique because everyone is different and has their own opinions.