This is an interesting argument given several things. Chief among them is that Paine gave an earlier example of places in which non-monarchical governments had been in part established, particularly in Europe. While quite a bad example given several of Paine's statements about the value of heredity, the Dutch Republic, referenced using the particularly non-inclusive Dutch generalization term that is Holland, was quite the influential and functional nation without the presence of a traditional monarch. While the positions within the government of the Dutch Republic did later fall to heredity due to preference of House of Orange stewards, or provincial leaders, the point of a semi-functioning, monarch-less republic still stands. The second, is even more ironic, is his overlooking the Natives of the soil this document was distributed on. Native Americans had markedly different views on class and leadership, with, much in the same way as the protestant Christians, a sense of devotion to something higher than a living high leader figure. This often resulted in tendencies and systems which many consider to be incredibly free, with positions of leadership not always, but often centered around merit or age, not simple heredity. This makes for an interesting situation, as it would appear Paine is utilizing a very Anglo-Centric version of the ideal of Freedom, or, simply what he had seen in England and colonial America, nowhere else, despite using other European examples and entirely excluding Native American systems and precedents from his analysis.