blithely
happy; carefree
blithely
happy; carefree
strolled
walked
gazing
looking
pretext
reason/excuse
her appetite was excellent
always hungry
overslept
slept late
troublesome
problem-causing
None of the animals ever mentioned Mollie again
What happened to Mollie?
And so within five minutes of their invasion they were in ignominious retreat by the same way as they had come, with a flock of geese hissing after them and pecking at their calves all the way.
Who won?
anniversary
annual celebration of an important date
And yet the song was irrepressible
Why do all the animals in England keep singing this song?
At heart, each of them was secretly wondering whether he could not somehow turn Jones’s misfortune to his own advantage
Why didn't the farmers want to help Mr. Jones at first?
to fire
shoot
cartridges
bullets
ambush
surprise attack
posthumously
after death
conferred
given
decoration
medal

unanimously
with consensus
emphasising
stressing
grave
place where he was buried
hawthorn bush
solemn
serious
impromptu
unplanned
exploits
actions
recounting
retelling
reassembled
reorganized
made off
left
stunned
passed out (not dead)
taken to flight
run away
alarm
worry
harmed
hurt
wounds
injuries
sentimentality
emotions
intention
plan
sorrowfully
sadly
stir
move
ay face down in the mud
pawing
hitting with his hoof
flock of geese
ignominious
shameful; embarrasing
invasion
forced takeover
a bolt
quick escape
claws
sank
dug deep
shoulders
roof
vengeance
revenge
trampled
run over
bitten
gored,
stabbed

Panic
skull
head
stable-lad
boy who works in a stable (barn)
blow
hit
iron-shod hoofs
hooves with horseshoes
hind legs
back legs
rearing
raising
spectacle
performance
dung
poop
hurled
thrown
fifteen stone
heavy weight (210 pounds!)
halting
stopping
scored
caused
pellets
bullets
dashed
ran
the charge
attack
rear
behind
emerged
appeared
lying in ambush
waiting to attack
intended
planned
in flight
running away
disorder
chaos; no organization
triumph
victory
retreat
to move back from an enemy
squeal
high-pitched (pained) sound
hobnailed boots
butted
use one's head to push
prodded
poked
launched
started
calves of their legs
pecked
use a beak to hit something

muted
pooped
campaigns
military missions
recapture
retake
half a dozen
dozen = 12 half dozen = 6
alighted
sat; perched
whirling
swirling
flight
group
threshed
corn
doom
death; destruction; terrible fate
prophecy
prediction
trembled
shake because of fear
church bells
smithies
blacksmith; place where iron/metal is made into tools
din
noise
elms
trees
whistled
irrepressible
could not be stopped
flogging
beating
rubbish
trash
contemptible
shameful
ridiculous
insane; crazy
rage
anger
astonishing
very surprising
clover
pail
bucket (usually for milk)
devoured
ate quickly
hedges
rows of bushes
savage
wild
tractable
easy to control
Bulls
Male cows
rebelliousness
protest; revolution
distorted
misleading; lying
vague
unclear
Rumours
Gossip; stories that are not true
red-hot horseshoes
had their females in common
sharing sexual partners
cannibalism
eating members of the same species (e.g. humans eating humans or pigs eating pigs)
flourished
grew quickly
wickedness
evilness
rapidly
quickly
fortnight
two weeks
scorn
make fun of
anxious
nervious
thoroughly frightened
very scared
defence
protection
bargains
deals
perpetually
always
shrewd
wise
easy-going
relaxed
worn out
overused
neglected
not taken care of
bad terms
not friendly
adjoined
were on either side of
misfortune
bad luck
sympathised
felt bad
good-for-nothing
useless; stupid
turned out
run off; kicked out
monstrous
huge
taproom
bar
mingle
mix
pigeons
When it was put to them in this light, they had no more to say
Why don't the animals argue with Squealer?
Squealer was sent to make the necessary explanations to the others.
Why did they choose Squealer?
and there kept them in such seclusion that the rest of the farm soon forgot their existence
What happened to the puppies? Where did they go? Why?
but never exercised his faculty
What does this mean?
She was telling them that all animals were now comrades and that any sparrow who chose could come and perch on her paw
What is the cat trying to do here?
whatever suggestion either of them made, the other could be counted on to oppose it
What kind of relationship do Napoleon and Snowball have?
It was always the pigs who put forward the resolutions.
What does it mean to "put forward a resolution?"
When asked whether he was not happier now that Jones was gone, he would say only “Donkeys live a long time. None of you has ever seen a dead donkey,” and the others had to be content with this cryptic answer.
What does Benjamin mean?
Every mouthful of food was an acute positive pleasure, now that it was truly their own food, produced by themselves and for themselves, not doled out to them by a grudging master.
Paraphrase.
a pig walking behind and calling out “Gee up, comrade!” or “Whoa back, comrade!”
Who does this language/action remind you of?
With their superior knowledge it was natural that they should assume the leadership.
Why do the pigs become leaders?
reserved
set aside
put to them in this light
told to them from this perspective
welfare
well-being; survival
sole
only
privilege
when someone has something others cannot
murmured
whispered; grumbled
windfalls
fallen fruit
littered
covered
ripening
becoming ready to eat
seclusion
separation
loft
second floor of a barn
weaned
old enough not to need their mother's milk
sturdy
strong
whelped
had puppies
inscribed
writen
humbler
stupider
mischief
trouble
regarded
thought about
propulsion
movement
objected
disagreed
grasped
understood
essential
most important
maxim
motto; saying; commandment
twig
small tree branch
spelt
spelled (British spelling)
might
strength; determination
forelock
hair at the top of a horse's head
dust
dirt; ground
trace
draw
exercised his faculty
used his ability
rubbish heap
trash
some degree
at some level
literate
could read and write
paw
cat's foot
perch
sit
sparrows
birds
broke down
failed
tame
train
indefatigable
persistent; never giving up
busied
made himself busy
arts
creative subjects
carpentering
making things from wood

blacksmithing
making tools from iron by heating the metal and bending it
recreation
free time
retiring age
age when an animal can stop working