A bit more context to the sentiment in the last sentence here might be useful - perhaps revise to something along the lines of:

"Snow is very unevenly distributed over the Earth’s land surface, both in space and time. Precipitation more commonly falls as snow during colder periods of the year, and at higher latitudes and higher altitudes. Because the Northern Hemisphere has a much greater land area at medium to high latitudes than does the Southern Hemisphere, snow cover varies much more significantly in the global north than it does in the global south."

omit "-"?

It might be worth noting that signs of a slowdown of the AMOC are now being observed.

Indeed; see above comment re:this year's 6σ event.

eliminate double space after "at"

A

freshly

We're now seeing a decline here, too, with this year's Antarctic sea ice coverage being significantly lower than historical averages - in fact, it's now considered a "six sigma" event: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-07-26/why-antarctic-sea-ice-s-six-sigma-deficit-has-climate-scientists-on-alert

omit

seawater (-2°C), which is depressed compared to fresh water due to its salinity.

[?]

omit; also, sea ice is also commonly composed partially of snow deposited on its upper surface.

which can lead to to rapid collapse of

[redundant with earlier part of sentence]

[space before "but"]

(known as "closed system pingos"); or

[include or omit this comment and next as a set]

where

water as it freezes to ice

thaws every summer before refreezing each winter

In places, however,

omit? (c.f. "abnormal water"?)

beneath the sea floor[?]

further south in mountainous areas

the North American landscape

Landscapes in which glaciers are found

[Wording change suggested to avoid wording redundancy with addition of "peri-" etymology; ignore if etymology is omitted.]

periglacial (from the Greek peri, meaning "around")

(Depending on the composition of the original source rocks, of course.)

By "such," do you mean only proglacial lakes? Perhaps "in some glacier-fed lakes" or similar?

[Is it worth discussing that these lakes formed because of isostatic depression?]

the supply of sediment also plays a role

eskers

omit comma?

omit double space after comma?

omit comma?

omit comma?

Do you mean "on the glacier surface, at the glacier bed, and beyond the terminus"?

hypotheses

bedding,

or "diamict"[?]

laminar, and because the strength 9[or rigidity] of ice means that it can carry rock clasts of any size,

which

(and therefore shallower) than

than do

The mechanically weather the landscape, too.

(Edit: as stated in the next sentence.)

(Medial moraines are found only on those valley glaciers formed by the convergence of one or more tributary glaciers.)

"Columbia Icefield" (singular) is the largest of ~30 named ice fields in the Canadian Rockies.

The conditions that give rise to liquid water being present here really isn't any different than beneath mountain glaciers. The climate is cold, but the ice sufficiently insulates the bed from that cold sufficiently for the geothermal heat flux to raise the basal temperature to the melting point. There's a small melting point depression given the high pressure, but that's probably a detail we can skip.

This was observed following the collapse of the Antarctic Peninsula's Larsen B Ice Shelf.

shelves

predominantly by

[they also lose mass by melting, particularly on the underside in Antarctica]

less dense[?]

Since we're discussing melting of the ice sheets here, it's worth stressing that because the bed of the WAIS (~5 m sea level equivalent) is below sea level, it is far more susceptible to collapse than the much larger EAIS (~53 m sea level equivalent), which is largely based above sea level.

Ah. I think conceptually (and physically) separating them earlier has its advantages, including if/when stability in the face of sea level rise is discussed. (Even then it's just framing, of course.)

I've never heard the Peninsular Ice Sheet referred to as an "ice sheet." Given that it's so small, it's probably more akin to an icefield than ice sheet (or even ice cap). Then again, I'm not familiar with it, and so am fine with being overruled.

Three, really: the Greenland Ice Sheet and the East and West Antarctic ice sheets, between which resides the Transantarctic Mountains.

).

Key point: the accumulation zone is the area of net accumulation.

All areas of most glaciers accumulate mass in the winter. In the accumulation zone, the amount accumulated in the colder months exceeds the amount lost during the warmer months; in the ablation zone, the amount lost during warmer months exceeds the amount accumulated in colder months. The equilibrium line is where accumulation and ablation, when averaged over a few years, are equal.

This can be omitted.

at their bases.

[This raises a wider point: "temperate" glaciers are thought to be at their melting point throughout their depth, whereas "polythermal" glaciers have a warm base but colder ice above. This being said, given the paucity of temperature profile measurements, it's not clear how common temperate glaciers actually are - there's a great quote in the early editions of Paterson (gold-standard glaciology text) noting that "while temperate glaciers are common in the literature, it's unclear how common they are in Nature." (The actual wording might be slightly different; I don't have the text at hand.)

Glaciers and ice sheets

All glaciers originate on land, and while most also terminate on land, a fraction of them terminates in lakes or tidal waters.

snow

spring snowmelt occurred an average of 19 days earlier in the early 2020s than it did in 1972.

parts of [which parts?] the

have been

These

is lower:

[or "...is lower in:"; this eliminates the redundant wording in the following bullet points.]