Elizabeth Kleinfeld, Create a Bibliography

annotat- ing allows you to summarize the writer's ideas in your own words, which is a good way to understand and remember them.

Identifying Knowledge Claims & Evidence

Looking for Key Terms

Previewing

While reading rhetorically might seem like a lot of work, it ultimately helps you gain a better understanding of the decisions the composer has made.

Reading to Understand Audience Understanding for whom the piece is written helps you determine what extra infor- mation you might need to digest the text. Are you the intended primary audience? If not, how does the piece pertain to you? If the audience of a piece about a landslide is a geologist, you might need to look up some terms to understand the information. What additional resources will you need to understand or relate to the piece? Reading to Understand Rhetorical Appeals

ho the composer is, why this is being written (purpose), whom the composer is addressing (audience), and how language is used to convey the message or appeal to the audience.

To read something rhetorically, you read to understand not just what the writer is telling you, but also how the writer | conveys information and makes her point.

For example, if you are reading a letter to the editor arguing that a homeless shelter Should be closed because it is expensive to operate, you might notice that the writer’s argument hinges on the assumption that a homeless shelter should not cost the public so much to operate. That means the writer must believe that there is an appropriate amount of money that could be spent on housing the homeless. You might also ask where the writer got his or her information about how much the shelter costs to operate. Are the figures current? You might also ask about other perspectives, such as those of the homeless people who rely on the shelter or the people who are employed by the shelter.

A simple way to distinguish mode from medium is to think of mode as the “how” and medium as the “delivery system.”

Media is how the composition is delivered to its audience.

multimodal refers to more than one mode used in a composition.

written or text-based, visual, and audio.

Whichever method of expression you choose is the composition’s mode.

Ethos is the credibility, authority, veys to the audience. * Pathos is an appeal ience’ : pea! to an audience's emotions or values, and trustworthiness the writer or composer con * Logos is the logic and connection of facts and evidence to the point being made.

When you compose a status update on social media, do you think of who will experience what you've created?

For example, we are writing this book for you, students, so you are our primary audience; however, writing instructors and writing program admin- istrators are likely also going to read this book.

Audience | Whom Are You Composing For?

Purpose | Why Are You Composing?

[f , een involved in seve —_— You Already today, you’ve probably b ude any communication event, then any . ‘ incl think of rhetorical situations broadly to n : interaction you had this morning with roommates, family, fellow public transportation riders, or the barista at your favorite coffee shop counts.

The constraints:

The audience:

The exigence:

For example, when you write a review of a restaurant on yelp.com, you know that Yelp readers want to know your opinion of the meal; they also expect specific details about the individual dishes, ser- vice, and ambience you experienced.

Rhetoric refers to the ability to communicate effectively and \") : with a purpose.