NADH is a common biological reducing agent. NADH is an acronym for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydride. Insetad of an anionic donor that provides a hydride to a carbonyl, NADH is actually a neutral donor. It supplies a hydride to the carbonyl under very specific circumstances. In doing so, it forms a cation, NAD+. However, NAD+ is stabilized by the fact that its nicotinamide ring is aromatic; it was not aromatic in NADH.

2.4 Å apart

Using spectroscopic experiments and computer simulations, Andrei Tokmakoff at the University of Chicago and colleagues show that the line between a hydrogen bond and a covalent bond is blurrier than your textbook suggests (Science 2021, DOI: 10.1126/science.abe1951) .

blockchain

double-spending problem

asymmetric encryption schemes

ORTEP

increased resistance toprotease degradatio