semper mortificationem Jesu in corpore nostro circumferentes, ut et vita Jesu manifestetur in corporibus nostris.

Magnus Dominus noster, et magna virtus ejus, et sapientiæ ejus non est numerus.

Magnus Dominus, et laudabilis nimis, et magnitudinis ejus non est finis.

Quoniam magnus Dominus, et laudabilis nimis.

[sic] 47:2 Magnus Dominus et laudabilis nimis. in civitate Dei nostri, in monte sancto ejus.

ut purpose clause with subjunctive delectet

quia introduces indirect statement

You stir up (man), that he may delight to praise you, because you made us for yourself and our heart is unquiet, until it rests in you.

But woe to those who remain silent concerning you, because the loquacious were made silent.

always acting, always at rest, gathering and not needing anything, carrying, filling and protecting, bringing into being, and filling, and perfecting, seeking while nothing is lacking to you.

What I ask, if not the Lord God?

quid not quis

Therefore, what is my God?

Do they contain a part partly and the greater greatly, the less less so?

And when you are poured out on us, you are not laid low, but we are raised up, nor are you dispersed, but you hold us together.

Indeed, no vessels, which are filled with you, do not make you stable, because even if they are broken you are not poured out.

present contrary to fact

Therefore I would not be, my God, I would altogether not exist, unless you were in me.

enclitic -ne introduces a question

So, Lord, my God, is there anywhere in me that can contain you?

an (introduces ? expecting negative answer/further ?)

Or rather are you invoked that you should be known?

dative of possession sapientiae tuae

Great are you, Lord, and exceedingly worthy of praise: your great excellence and your wisdom can not be numbered.

Most high, most good, most powerful, most "all-powerful", most merciful and just, most hidden and most present. most beautiful and strong, steadfast and incomprehensible, unchanging but changing everything, never new, never old, renewing everything, and bringing the proud into old age without their knowing

And what can we say, my God, my life, my holy sweetness, or what can anyone say when he speaks of you?

You return what is owed owing nothing to anyone, you give what is owed losing nothing.

You are paid back more than you are owed, that you might be a debtor, and what does anyone have (that is) not from you?

You keep back what you find and have never lost; never needy you delight in gains, never avaricious but you require interest.

You love without burning, jealous and you are without care, you repent and are not grieved, you become angry and are calm, everything changes but your intention does not change;

Indeed, who is the Lord except the Lord? Or who is God except our God?

Or are you everywhere and no thing contains all of you?

pars tua = pars tui

Therefore, is some part of you greater, another less?

Or because they are not able to contain all of you, do they contain part of you and the same part at the same time contain the whole?

But everything that you fill, by you entirely you fill completely.

Or do you not have need, since you could sustain anything, who sustains everything, because what you fill up you by sustaining, you fill?

And to where do you pour back whatever remains from you when heaven and earth are filled?

Or do you fill them and it stands firm, since they don't hold you?

ergo + ne

Then do heaven and earth contain you, since you fill them?

Indeed where would I go outside heaven and earth where you would come into me, my God, who said, "I fill heaven and earth"?

Or rather, from where would you come into me?

Even so, Lord, even so. How will I invoke you, when I should be in you?

Or is it rather that I would not be, unless I should be in you, from whom is everything, through whom is everything, in whom is everything?

I am no longer in hell, and yet you likewise are there.

Seeing therefore that I too exist, why do I ask that you come into me, (I) who would not exist, unless you should exist in me?

Because without you whatever is would not be, does it happen, then, that there is something that could contain you?

Truly can the cosmos [heaven and earth], which you made and in which you made me, contain you?

Indeed seeking they find him, and finding they will praise him.

conditional future more vivid

For even if I were to have descended into hell, you would be there.

relative clause of characteristic

And what place is in me, to which you may come into me my God?

How would you come into me, God, who made heaven and earth?

My faith, which you gave to me, invokes you, Lord, which you breathed into me by the humanity of your Son, through the ministry of your preacher [Ambrose].

PPP praedicatus es

Let me seek you, Lord, invoking you and invoke you believing in you; for you were preached to us.

And how will I invoke my God, my Lord and my God, since certainly I will call his very self into me when I call to him?

And they will praise the Lord who seek him.

But how will they call upon one, in whom they have not believed? Or how will they believe without preaching?

In fact, not knowing you he may be able to invoke another in your place.

But who calls upon you not knowing you?

utrum introduces an indirect question

Give to me, Lord, to know and to understand, whether first to invoke you or to praise you and to know (whether) first to praise you or invoke you.

and still man wishes to praise you, a part (as he is) of your creation.

And man wishes to praise you, a part (as he is) of your creation, and man carries about his mortality, carrying about the testimony of his sin and the testimony that you resist the proud;

ablative absolute

Scipio came away the victor, Hannibal himself was nearly captured, who first with many cavalry, then with twenty, at last escaped with four.

iussit governs 4 infinitives followed by a purpose clause containing an indirect question

vidissent = pluperfect subjunctive

Hannibal sent three spies to the camp of Scipio, who when they were captured by Scipio he ordered that they be given a tour of the camp and shown the whole army, then he even gave them lunch and sent them on their way, so that they may report to Hannibal what they had seen among the Romans.

The Carthaginians were displeased with the conditions and ordered Hannibal to fight.

his condicionibus = indirect object; supply direct object

three indirect commands in a row

amplius = greater than

Scipio gave (them) these conditions: they may not have more than 30 ships, they would pay 500,000 pounds in silver, captives and deserters they would return.

quosque = until

his in the dative and then in the ablative

For 45 days he offered a truce to these (the Carthaginians), enough time to be able to go to Rome and return; and he received 30,000 pounds of silver from these (the Carthaginians).

The Second Punic War ended in the nineteenth year (18 years) after it had begun.

ex eo = from that time onward; supply tempore

Scipio returned to Rome and celebrated his triumph with exceedingly great glory and also from that time he began to be called “Africanus”.

After this contest peace was made with the Carthaginians.

inventa is perfect passive participle supply sunt

In the camp of Hannibal there was discovered 20,000 pounds of silver, 80 pounds of gold and an abundance of other supplies.

quale = what kind

Meanwhile battle was prepared by both generals, of such a sort there was scarcely any memory, since they were the most skillful heroes of all time to lead out their forces to war.

infertur (historical present) and bellum as subject and predicate are first and last words of the sentence

War was carried on in Carthage by Scipio and another king of the Numidians, who had made friends with Scipio.

ventum esset = pluperfect passive subjunctive of venio, not "when it had come to a conference", but rather, "when a conference had been held"

When a conference had been held the same conditions were given that were given before, with 100,000 pounds of silver added to the 500,000 pounds on account of the new treachery.

Hannibal himself likewise, since he was frequently defeated in battle by Scipio, even asked for peace.

ablative absolute dimissi perfect passive participle

Nevertheless their legates coming from the city were seized by the Romans, but Scipio ordered them to be sent away.

ablative absolute

Meanwhile with Hannibal coming into Africa the peace was disturbed, and many hostile acts were done by the Carthaginians.

result clause containing indirect discourse

the presence of the adverb "adeo" indicates degree and helps with the identification of the clause

inesse- to be in

putaretur- 3rd sg. imperf. subj. pass.

habere - present active infinitive

It was supposed that there was something divine about this man, to such a degree that he was believed to hold conversations with the gods.

fieri = present active infinitive of fio feri factus (irregular)

On the opinion of Scipio the Senate ordered peace to be made with the Carthaginians.

Legates from Carthage petitioned for peace from Scipio; they were sent by him (Scipio) to the Roman Senate.

Thus in the seventeenth year Italy was liberated from Hannibal.

(Hannibal) himself was ordered to return to Carthage in Africa, which Scipio was devastating.

ablative absolute

When this was heard nearly all of Italy deserted Hannibal.

Syphax with the best of the Numidian nobility and seemingly boundless spoils were sent to Rome by Scipio.

Syphax, the Numidian king, who had joined himself to the Carthaginians, was captured and his camp taken.

During the next battle he (Scipio) captured a camp with 4,500 soldiers and killed 11,000 more.

He fought against Hanno, leader of the Africans, in Africa; he destroyed his army.

In the fourteenth year after Hannibal came into Italy, Scipio, who had carried on very well in Spain, was made consul and sent to Africa.

After these things Hannibal now began to doubt the outcome of the war.

profectus (fu)erat = pluperfect passive of deponent proficiscor'

rursus = again

inclitas = illustrious

In the third year after Scipio had set out for Spain, he again accomplished something celebrated.

ibidem = in that very place

In fact he captured Mago, brother of Hannibal, in that very place, who he sent to Rome with the others.

He (Scipio) captured the Carthage of Spain, in which all the gold, silver and apparatus of war were being held by the Africans, likewise hostages from the highest nobility, which had been received from Spain.

ablative absolute

Meanwhile in Spain, where there was no Roman general since both of the Scipios had been killed, P. Cornelius. Scipio, the son of P. Scipionis (who in that very place had carried on the war), was sent, at 24 years old, probably the greatest of all Roman heroes both of his age and later times.

When Q. Caecilius and L. Valerius were consuls all of the cities, which in Britii had been held by Hannibal, surrendered themselves to the Romans.

Romanis as direct object

Inordinate jubilation came to the Romans; and besides this Scipio himself was summoned from Spain.

indirect discourse introduced with present participle desperans

Hannibal, giving up hope that the Spanish peninsula could be retained any longer against Scipio, recalled his brother Hasdrubal to Italy with all of his troops.

He came to Rome with excessive glory.

Even though he was fighting vigorously, nevertheless he was killed; great numbers of his troops were killed or captured, a great weight of gold as well as silver was carried back to Rome.

While he was coming there by the same way that Hannibal in fact had come, he fell into an ambush laid by the consuls Ap. Claudius Nero and M. Livius Salinator near Sena Gallica, a city in the region of Picenum.

magno here = long

primus omnium = first of all (generals)

When he defeated a king of the Spanish peninsula in a long battle he received him into an alliance and was the first of all (generals) not to demand hostages from the conquered enemy.

egit = third principal part of ago, agree, ego, actus

The following year Scipio in Spain led a singular exploit by himself and by his brother L. Scipionem; they recaptured 70 cities.

venditorum = of those who were sold

In fact there Hannibal’s general Carthalonem was killed, 25,000 of his captured men sold as slaves, loot distributed among his soldiers, and money from the sale of the prisoners carried back to the treasury.

Meanwhile in Italy the consul Q. Fabius Maximus recovered Tarentum, in which there were vast troops of Hannibal.

Scipio returned the Spanish hostages to their parents; whereby nearly all of the Spaniards with one mind went over to him.

rursus adv. = on the other hand; again

Next many of the cites of Rome, who had previously turned to Hannibal, surrendered themselves back to Fabius Maximus.

The Romans (were) beyond delighted after this news was delivered.

Nevertheless, in Italy, the war went badly.

For the consul Claudius Marcellus was killed by Hannibal.

And after these things Hasdrubal, the brother of Hannibal, when he was defeated was put to flight and Scipio took vast spoils.

ablative absolute x2

regressus est is deponent

In this way all of Sicily was taken back and Macedonia subdued; (Laevinus) returned to Rome in exceeding glory.

translate profectus as active = having set out

oppido = town

In Macedonia Laevinus made allies with Philip and many Greek people also Attalus the king of Asia, and having set out for Sicily he captured a certain Hanno, a Carthaginian general, near the city of Argentum, and the town itself, and sent Hanno to Rome with prisoners from the nobility (of Argentum).

And also at that time the greater part of Sicily including the most famous city of Syracuse, which the Carthaginians had begun to hold, were captured by Marcellus; an inordinate amount of loot was carried off to Rome.

casu = by chance

magis adv. more nearly

quam conj. not pronoun; than

decepti erant pluperfect passive

In Spain the two Scipios, who for many years had been triumphant, were killed by his brother, Hasdrubal, yet his army remained intact; in fact they had been entrapped more nearly by chance than by strength of arms.

pluperfect venerat

ablative absolute

usque = right up to; as far as

In the tenth year after Hannibal had come into Italy, when P. Sulpicius and Cn. Fulvius were consuls, Hannibal came right up to the fourth mile marker and his cavalry all the way to the gate of the city.

Manlius, the victor, carried back to Rome the captives and Hasdrubal.

pugnabaur = impersonal passive

So the war was being fought in four places at one time: in Italy against Hannibal, in Spain against his brother Hasdrubal, in Macedonia against Philip, in Sardinia against the Sardinians and the other Carthaginian Hasdrubal.

PPP sollicitata

For even she (Sardinia) having been solicited by Hannibal had deserted the Romans.

ablative absolute x2

The legates of Philip were captured and the matter was made known, therefore the Romans ordered M. Valerium Laevinum to go to Macedonia and the proconsul T. Manlius Torquatum to go to Sardia.

He lost in the battle 35,000 of his men; of these 10,000 were captured, 25,000 killed.

Meanwhile in Spain, where Hannibal’s brother Hasdrubal had remained with a great army, in order to subjugate all of her (Spain) to the Africans, he was defeated by the two Scipios, generals of the Romans.

Hannibal, when he suddenly attacked the consul [sic praetor] Gnaeus Fulvius in Italy, killed him along with 8,000 men.

He accepted the surrender of 40 cities, 26 he took by force.

Soon from fear of the consuls approaching with an army Hannibal retreated to Campania.

He (the other Hasdrubal) was captured alive by T. Manlius, the proconsul, who had been sent to Sardinia; 12,000 with him were killed, 1,500 captured, and Sardinia subjugated by the Romans.

Meanwhile, Philip also was defeated by Laevinum in Macedonia and in Spain Hasdrubal and Mago, the third brother of Hannibal, were defeated by the Scipios.

quo = et eo

ablative absolute

And at that time in fact Philip V, king of Macedonia sent legates to him (Hannibal) promising assistance against the Romans on the condition that when the Romans were destroyed he would himself likewise receive help from Hannibal against the Greeks.

Hannibal occupied many Roman cities throughout Apulia, Calabria, and Bruttii.

After the fourth year since Hannibal came to Italy, M. Claudius Marcellus the consul at Nola, a city of Campania, fought well against Hannibal.

Afterwards Hannibal killed all of those (captives) by various modes of execution and sent to Carthage three measures of gold rings, which he had stripped from the hands of Roman cavalry, senators, and soldiers.

indirect discourse incl. relative clause of characteristic w/ subjunctives essent and potuissent

Hannibal offered to the Romans to ransom the captives, and the offer was answered by the Senate that those citizens who were of the sort that had been able to be captured although fully armed were not necessary (to Rome).

After this battle many of the cities of Italy, which had been subject to the Romans, turned to Hannibal.

There were sent to him by the Carthaginians 12,000 foot soldiers, 4,000 cavalry and 20 elephants to restore his forces.

In fact in this battle died the Consul Aemilius Paulus, 20 belonging to the consular rank or praetors, 30 senators captured or killed, 300 noblemen, 15,000 soldiers, 3,500 cavalry.

verum = but; not truly

ablative absolute with the active voice contradicente altero consule

But when a battle had been fought on account of the impatience of the consul Varro, with the other consul [that is Amelius Paulus] speaking against it, near the region that is called Cannae in Apulia, both consults were defeated by Hannibal.

indirect command

In the five hundred and fortieth year from the founding of the city L. Aemilius Paulus and P. Terentius Varro were sent against Hannibal and succeeded Fabio, who when he was leaving office warned both consuls that in order to defeat Hannibal (a skillful and impatient leader) there was no other way except by delaying battle.

ablative absolute

He (Fabius) checked his (Hannibal’s) fury by delaying battle; soon with an opportunity having been discovered he beat him.

He killed this very Flaminius; 25,000 of the Roman soldiers were cut down, hundreds scattered.

proelium commitere = to begin battle

ablative absolute x2

supply the direct object

After the battle had begun and his (forces) had been put to flight, Scipio himself having been wounded returned to camp.

ablative absolute

Arminium = Rimini

When Sempronius Gracchus learned of Hannibal’s arrival in Italy he transported his army from Sicily to Rimini.

traditur indirect discourse (personal; he not it w present tense traditur) w/ perfect infinitive adduxisse to convey past tense

He is said to have brought into Italy 80,000 soldiers on foot, 10,000 cavalry, and 37 elephants.

adhuc = as yet

ea parte = in that region

invias = without roads

sibi = dative; to him/them

The Alps, (which were) as yet, in that region, without roads, lay open to him.

the direct object is supplied

indirect command (ne) within a purpose clause

The Romans also sent [demands] to Carthage, that Hannibal might be commanded not to wage war against the allies of the people of Rome.

huic = dative sg

indirect command w/ imperfect subjunctive abstineret

The Romans through their legates ordered him to abstain from war.

ablative absolute with just two nouns, n.b. lack of present participle for sum

supply et

obpugnare adgressus est = began to besiege

During the consulships of Marcus Minucius Rufus [and] Publius Cornelius [Scipio Asina] the Second Punic War was carried on against Rome by Hannibal, the leader of the Carthaginians, who began to besiege Saguntum, a city of Spain and ally of Rome, at the age of 19, after he had gathered 150,000 troops.

supply factum erat

Slaves were released and made soldiers, which had never been done before.

And yet in these calamities not a single Roman stooped to make mention of peace.

In no other battle during the Punic War were the Romans dealt with more severely.

In this battle three thousand Carthaginians perished; the greater part of the army of Hannibal was wounded.

Supply the est to make the PPP missus perfect passive constr.

Afterwards Q. Fabius Maximus was dispatched by the Romans against Hannibal.

Tuscium = Etruria

Coming from there to Etruria Hannibal encountered the Consul Flaminius.

Many in Italy surrendered themselves to Hannibal.

He too was defeated.

Sempronius Gracchus himself also fought (Hannibal) near the Trebia River.

occurrit could be either (historic) present or perfect

Scipio was the first to encounter Hannibal.

A harsh respone was given by the Carthaginians.

He was not willing to admit the ambassadors.

Meanwhile many of the people of Liguria and Gaul allied themselves with Hannibal.

n.b. ellipsis of the verb, which is repeated in the second part of the clause

At that time Scipio with an army set out for Spain, and Ti. Sempronius (set out) for Sicily; the war against the Carthaginians was declared.

ablative absolute

Leaving his brother, Hasdrubal, behind in Spain, Hannibal crossed the Pyrenees.

PPP capti used as substantive

Meanwhile the inhabitants of Sagunum were overcome by famine and those captured by Hannibal were inflicted with the ultimate punishment.

"for the eighth" can also be understood as meaning for the eternal age;

It was said in the sixth psalm that the eighth day can be understood as the day of judgment.

Acrostich on the Last Judgment

Concerning the day of judgment I add on account of those who disbelieve:

indirect question w interrogative adj., "qua", main verb "rogavit" and pluperfect subjunctive "occupavisset"

Thereupon he asked if any king with (such) audacity had occupied the kingdom;

loquēbātur = deponent verb has only passive forms but are translated active

While he was speaking, Servius interrupted and with a loud voice from the entrance of the Curia asked,

querēbātur = deponent verb has only passive forms but are translated active, he was complaining

he was complaining about the consent of the people, the dividing of the land among the plebs, the instituting of the census.

the Latins consented.

faciendum esse: future active participle + "esse" = future active periphrastic

Servius was vehemently praising this consensus of the cities of Asia to the leaders of the Latins; at last he declared that the Latin people would build the temple of Diana with the Roman people in the city of Rome;

carpentō in forum invecta = ablative absolute

Tullia, riding into the Forum in a carriage, called out to her husband and was the first to congratulate him as King

Afterwards this place was named the “Street of Crime”.

indirect statement w/ reporting verb "respondit", accusative subject "se", and infinitives "tenere" and "esse"

Tarquin responded savagely that it was for him to possess the throne of his father, that he was to be the heir of the kingdom.

And so Tarquin, before (proceeding with) all his affairs, won over the citizens, and chiefly the senators.

ablative absolute, perfect passive participle

With their own immediate families wiped out through continuous murder, they were joined by marriage.

Then the people with the utmost acclamation enjoined Servius to rule.

indirect statement w/ confessio as reporting verb, esse as infinitive and Roman as accusative subject

This was an acknowledgement that Rome was the head of things, about which so many times there had been strife.

For the thriving multitude two hills were added to the city- the Quirinal and the Viminal.

Eō enim duce = ablative absolute lacking a verb because the implied verb is sum, esse (which doesn't have a participle form): when he was leader, with him as leader.

indirect statement with reporting verb "iuravit", subject accusatives "Tarquinium", "alium quemquam", and infinitives "regnare" and "passurum esse"

In fact, with him as leader the people swore to themselves that neither Tarquinius nor anyone else would be permitted to rule Rome.

[Then] with a knife that had been hidden in her robe she killed herself.

cōnsolābantur aegram animī = This whole phrase introduces the indirect statement (to abesse): "they consoled her [Lucretia], sick at heart, [saying] that the mind…"

they were consoling her, sick at heart, (telling her) that the mind sins, not the body- and where intent is absent, guilt is removed.

“The traces of another man, Collatinus, are in your bed; my soul is guiltless, but still my body is utterly outraged- death will be my witness.

cum clause circumstancial, subjunctive "laudaret"

placuit experīrī = complementary passive infinitve

when by chance in excessive eating and drinking each one of them began praising his own wife, it was resolved to put it to the test.

the leading citizens who the king was afraid of he was in the habit to kill, among whom he killed the brother of Brutus.

quaerere ex ōrāculō ad quem eōrum rēgnum esset ventūrum = indirect question;

future ative periphrastic w/ subjunctive "esset venturum" (future participle + imperfect subjunctive of "sum");

sequence of tenses places action in subjective in the future

After the youths came to Delphi and accomplished their father's commission, they decided to ask of the oracle to which of them would come power.

So then he was led to Delphi by the two sons of Tarquin, actually more as a joke than a companion.

occidere… agere… spoliare = complementary infinitives with poterat

bonīs spoliāre = spoliō, to deprive of (takes ablative of separation for things being deprived)

So he was able to murder, to drive into exile, and to deprive everyone of the possessions that he was desiring.

aliquot = indeclinable some

Tarquiniō iam mortuō = ablative absolute w/ perfect passive participle "mortuo" modifying "Tarquinio"

And so for some days Servius established his own power, with Tarquin having already died.

Now the protest of the multitude was hardy able to be contained.

*conditional w/ present active indicative "potes" in the protasis and present imperative "audi" in the apodosis = simple fact present

If on account of such an unexpected development you are not be able to devise your own counsel, nevertheless follow mine.

While the king turned aside and was giving his full attention to the one (speaking) to him, the other having raised an axe brought it down on the head of the king;

praesidiō firmō mūnītus = ablative absolute w/ perfect passive participle "munitus" modifying "praesidio"

Servius, strengthened by a stout bodyguard, was the first to reign by the will of the Senate without the consent of the people.

In the meantime he desired that Servius Tullius administer public affairs.”

She said, “The kingdom is yours, Servius, if you play the man- not like one of those men who performed this despicable crime by the hands of others.

claudī = present infintive passive

There was a great uproar of the people, in the midst of which Tanaquil ordered the palace to be closed.

fugientēs = present active participle, lit. those fleeing

The attendants removed dying Tarquin; (meanwhile) the bodyguards of the king captured those fleeing (i.e., the fugitives).

One of them explained the matter.

Thereupon, the shepherds having been summoned to the king, they were ordered to speak in turn.

now their anger was even greater, because it was appearing that control of the kingdom was to be handed over to a slave.

sequence of tense in indirect statement the reporting verb here is "portendit", and eum is the subject accusative. Since portendit is present tense, the future active infinitive in indirect statement, "futūrum esse", is translated as future, [he] will be.

The light clearly portends that Servius will be for us a man of powerful and joyful destiny.

abductō in sēcrētum virō = ablative absolute w/ perfect passive participle "abducto" modifying "viro"

Vidēsne = the enclictic -ne introduces y/n question

At that moment, leading her husband away in private, Tanaquil said to him, “Do you see this boy of such a humble upbringing?

when the boy was stirring from sleep, the flame vanished.

subjunctive purpose clause w/ imperf. subj. "esset"

so that the people would not be any more at ease in peace than they had been in war.

ferōcissimī = superlative

dēlēctī = perfect passive participle nom masc pl modifies duo

vocātī = perfect pass participle modifies pastores

The two wildest of the shepherds were chosen to (do) the crime; in the forecourt of the palace they upended all the royal servants with the pretense of a quarrel among themselves.

Therefore, they resolved to kill the king and gain power.

ērudiendus est = future passive periphrastic

From now on he ought to be educated in the liberal arts.”

The head of a sleeping boy, whose name was Servius Tullius, burst into flames in full view of many people.

eo = is, ea, id, sg n abl, used as demonstrative, that

Around that time in the palace a marvelous prodigy happened.

in + acc. here means towards

He was the first who openly sought the throne, recounting his public and private duties and kindness towards everyone.