This quote brings up some questions about how deeply the European Union is committed to being a geopolitical actors. The leaders in the European Union seems to acknowledge that there is a need for a shift in strategies but they do not seem to 100% understand the transformation this would truly require. The author talks about how the budget for defence would have to change. A real change in geopolitical would require a lot of political choices that would not be easy, strategising for the long term, and using power more than just for symbolic gestures.

This passage shows a lot of questions being raised about Ukraine joining to European Union. The concerns being raised are cost and stability. Ukraine is currently in a war with Russia so Ukraine so that would be very expensive. There is a lot of uncertainty regarding this, businesses might not want to invest in Ukraine because they do not have the strongest military externally and their politics are pretty unstable. Overall this shows a lot of emphasis on the risks of Ukraine joining the European Union and there is so much more that goes into it than a moral decision or a political decision.

This statement sheds light on how during the 21st century there is a lot of instability going on in North Africa. The instability in North Africa causes some challenges for European security as well as policy. This quote puts emphasis on the broader theme in this article so far of how geography and stability are very important. Europe can not ignore the problems that are happening outside its boarders.