Pain Perception
How can an individual build their pain tolerance? answer: Through under going large amounts of pain in order to build a higher relative basis of pain.
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- Mar 2019
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A number of receptors are distributed throughout the skin to respond to various touch-related stimuli ([link]).
What are the four receptors in the skin? answer: Meissner’s corpuscles, Pacinian corpuscles, Merkel’s disks, and Ruffini corpuscles.
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Review Questions
How does an individual sense pain and register it in the brain? answer: damage to neurons and sent throughout the central nervous system. Which is classified as neuropathic pain.
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Pain is an unpleasant experience that involves both physical and psychological components.
Pain tolerance is the maximal amount of pain an individual can handle. Which is different for every person. Some believe that individuals from Kenya have a high pain tolerance due to initiation traditions that test a persons pain, when the Kenyan runners are asked how they are able to keep running through pain they respond with "I have been through much worse pain." https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2013/11/01/241895965/how-one-kenyan-tribe-produces-the-worlds-best-runners
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There is tremendous variation in the sensitivity of the olfactory systems of different species.
This is believed to be because of the evolutionary factor of us becoming bipedal and no longer walking on four limbs. Since animals that are walk primarily on four legs, this makes them closer to the ground and have a greater need to use the sense of smell for tracking, territory or any other reason an animal would like to use its smell for. Shepherd, G. M. (n.d.). The Human Sense of Smell: Are We Better Than We Think? Retrieved from http://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.0020146
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Review Questions
What is the extent of the frequencies that a human can hear? answer: 20-20,000 Hz.
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Our auditory system converts pressure waves into meaningful sounds.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ie2j7GpC4JU this is a link to a crash course based on hearing.
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The ability to locate sound in our environments is an important part of hearing.
Sound localization can create a three dimensional map around a person with the ability of pinpointing sounds around yourself. This can be used in nearly all situations of life and is even a topic of interest with architects by building acoustics and/or noise cancelling scapes. Unit, S. D. (n.d.). The contribution of the five human senses towards the perception of space. Retrieved from http://www.academia.edu/2460561/The_contribution_of_the_five_human_senses_towards_th e_perception_of_space
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binocular cue
How do our eyes position help in survival and evolution? answer: The eyes on the side of a cranium give the ability to nearly see 360 degrees around the head. With binocular vision we are able to find perception in depth and distance.
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Normal-sighted individuals have three different types of cones that mediate color vision.
a fun example of color perception is the Mantis Shrimp. As humans we have three photoreceptors while the mantis shrimp can see in twelve. It can perceive polarized light and multispectral images. http://blog.biamp.com/the-human-eye-vs-the-majestic-mantis-shrimp/
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This contributes to our ability to successfully navigate through physical space and interact with important individuals and objects in our environments.
This is a helpful link of crash course to help in understanding a better idea of vision. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o0DYP-u1rNM
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One Gestalt principle is the figure-ground relationship. According to this principle, we tend to segment our visual world into figure and ground.
This crash course helps in understanding the Gestalt Principles of Perception. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n46umYA_4dM
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All sensory systems have both absolute and difference thresholds, which refer to the minimum amount of stimulus energy or the minimum amount of difference in stimulus energy required to be detected about 50% of the time, respectively.
This demonstrates that there are not only five senses of the body. The five are just the ones that an individual has the ability to mildly control and witness its changes which are in charge of sensation. While there are many different sense that a person does not have control over such as the ability to sense the temperature of the environment around you. Another sense is Equilibrioception that allows a person to balance and have the ability to walk on a tightrope. Journal of Psychiatry Rupini and Nandagopal, J Psychiatry ... (2015, January 03). Retrieved February 08, 2010, from https://www.omicsonline.org/open-access/a-study-on-the-influenceof-senses-and-the-effectiveness-of-sensory-branding-Psychiatry-1000236.pdf
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We rely on our sensory systems to provide important information about our surroundings. We use this information to successfully navigate and interact with our environment so that we can find nourishment, seek shelter, maintain social relationships, and avoid potentially dangerous situations.
Our brains base itself on the sensory organs. For example, the visual cortex pairs itself with vision and the auditory cortex pairs with hearing. One problem is if the sensory part of the brain does correctly form it will not work. Though the brain can learn how to use these failed pathways to benefit another sense in order to enhance another sense. Tokuyama, D. (2017, June 23). Supersensors: How the loss of one sense impacts the others. Retrieved February 08, 2019, from https://neuroscience.stanford.edu/news/supersensors-howloss-one-sense-impacts-others
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