125 Matching Annotations
  1. Apr 2023
    1. And one would never say of a sufficiently narrative painting—a painting that is said to tell a story, such as Rembrandt’s The Night Watch—that its details are unnecessary, that a stray orange on the ground, or a dog curled up in the corner, had no purpose and shouldn’t exist. Yet fiction often comes under scrutiny for its use of images.

      You need Barthes here, on the reality effect -- which is to say, a sense of how the "decorative" aspects of description might be constitutive of mimesis and yet not actually narrative -- i.e., it's not always the case that Lukacs' distinction holds up, but sometimes it does and yet he's still wrong.

    1. Stephen stares at the girls, notices their hair, and imagines them blushing (because of something he said?). As Sinclair wrote of Richardson, “it is as if no other writers had ever used their senses so purely.”

      This seems at once banal and inapposite, since it's (a) not a claim made about Joyce and (b) your claim seems to be about the intensification of one kind of sensing (sight) not the intensification of sensing generally.

    2. Kastan notes that young Stephen’s observation that “you could not have a green rose” violates the aphorism that “roses are red.”

      I don't follow: "you could not have a green rose" is consistent with "roses are red"

    3. “the color patterns of A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man are most associated with the ambiguities present in the novel, especially with the confusion and misunderstandings of the protagonist” (Sullivan 23). Yutong Xie’s article “Color as Metaphor” examines Joyce’s use of black and green in Dubliners and Portrait (Xie).

      To what end are you gathering these citations? What does Yutong Xie say about black and green and how does that relate to your argument?

    4. Joyce’s A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man is the classic example of this narrative style

      It's not really a classic example, given the claims that have been made for it as an anti-Bildungsroman. The classic example would be from Goethe or Dickens.

    5. on who you talk to, either a “Victorian precursor” to the modernist “little magazine,” or one of its first exemplars.

      Who's being quoted here? To whom are you talking?

    6. threadbare

      Why does "threadbare" (a term deriving from the image of a worn garment) suggest brownness, as opposed to grey or some other dull color? Likewise, boots are more likely to be black, especially cheap but clean little boots. A better reference here would be the brown stocking in To the Lighthouse, which Auerbach reads as a sign of Woolf's commitment to the ordinary.

    7. most likely for

      Weaselly! Does she or doesn't she see him as exemplary for his vision? If she doesn't use ocular terms in celebrating Conrad, what terms does she use and is there evidence elsewhere in VW's oeuvre to read this non-ocular language in visual terms?

    1. practical reasons,

      Among those pactical reasons has to be the demographic dominance of England and the English (and the English language) within Britain, which both justifies (on the basis of ideas about majority culture) the exclusion of non-Anglophone literatures and obscures that same exclusion from members of that majority.

    2. early twentieth century, British literature is not so easy to define

      Although the British/American distinction is arguably easier to describe in the early C20 than in the early C19!

    3. genre or era

      More precision in these terms, please! Like "modernist," "romantic" is a very weak genre term and only partly a chronological/period label.

    4. although it is still legible as a descriptive paragraph, is framed with Mrs. Flanders’s mental and emotional state.

      This is the thing I'm pushing at above, though I obviously think you can make the point far more strongly.

    5. In contrast, Woolf’s descriptive passage is thickly indulgent in its vision. We see a cornucopia of details in this Scarborough landscape, as if we are following a painter’s brush across a canvas.

      Is the simile apposite? It's more like the narrative p-o-v follows Mrs Flanders' gaze than that a Lily Briscoe is at work. More importantly, I think key thing about the passage is not what Mrs F sees but that it refers, weirdly, to what she "should have" or "might have" seen. Then the p-o-v moves, with "the whole city," to things that we don't know whether she's seen or not -- which is to say, a description about perception that begins by flirting with the identification of the narrator's p-o-v with the character's ends by implicitly separating the two perspectives. It's less important that the passage describes a lot than that it implies an epistemological problem, or a problem of shared perspective.

  2. Jan 2023
    1. This dissertation chapter is a full-color, interactive document, originally formatted in HTML. It contains inte

      Maybe this is my browser, but the white text upon a lilac background is very hard to read.

    2. utilitarian

      Why not "precise" -- decorative here means superficial or inessential, not useless; its opposite can be anything with immanent value, not the merely useful.

    3. description

      That's not yet clear! I think you can say it involves inter-sensory substitution or mediation, the translation of one sort of sense-making (seeing) into a secondary, which is to say both derivative and higher, activity (reading)

    4. First, the poems of Sappho,

      You should omit much of the following, perhaps moving quickly to the much more interesting stuff on Noguchi. This is a complicated literary history that's been exhaustively studied and your remarks about Sappho and Catullus don't add anything to that body of work. Refer to the scholarship (not Kenner: use the more recent work by Schotter and others, including Diana Collecott on HD and Sappho, to establish the point and then move on.

    5. treat

      I worry that this verb is symptomatic of the chapter's tendency to prefer a kind of erudite summary over argument. Why not let the following question and answer guide you, rather than the urge to taxonomize and historicize: Q. How is it that literature becomes more visual but less descriptive over time? A. By becoming more imagistic, which is to say by increasingly collapsing description and narration in the pursuit of visual impressions.

    6. Ford does not mean egotism to be the selfishness it has come to mean in contemporary colloquial usage, but rather a kind of subjectivity with roots in radical politics

      On this, see Jean-Michel Rabate, James Joyce and the Politics of Egoism.

    7. But, as before with Mrs. Dalloway, this description does not stand in opposition to narrative, as many critics would have you believe. Instead, the detail here serves to support the characters. In other words, we see impressions of the scene and the people in it.

      You might want to refer, here, to Auerbach's Mimesis, which includes Woolf among the modern authors among whom description (understood as an attention to setting) merges almost entirely with narration, via the medium of a pluralized subjective narrative p-o-v, arrived at through the intensification of free indirect style. It's a primary example of how and where the narrate/describe distinction breaks down, in a manner consistent with your other evidence.

    8. Is description really “tiresome,” as Rose and Beatty suggest, something that merely “retards the action”? Do readers simply skip descriptions? Or are they the very elements which lend vivacity to the literary work? The hard narration/description dichotomy of Lukács is still taken for granted here, but Rose and Beatty acknowledge that description may be interwoven into passages, or paragraphs, that are otherwise narrative. A

      I think you can, in fact, omit this whole section, the evidentiary usefulness of which depends on the mere coincidence of the two modes and tends to reinforce, rather than undermine, the dichotomy you want to disrupt. I take your (reasonable) point to be not that the narrate/describe distinction is meaningless, or never apparent, but that it's (a) overstated, (b) far from universally observed in practice, (c) results from an implicit aesthetic/ideological bias. and (d) partly explains the neglect of description among literary critics and theorists. None of these claims requires you to show that description and narration are always intertwined, nor does the hypothesis that literature can become more visual without becoming more descriptive.

    9. Although we cannot assume that these instructional manuals were read and respected by the writers I’ve discussed here, is still likely that they, or others like them, would have been. At the very least, they form part of the zeitgeist surrounding description. And

      Speculative, again -- best to omit.

    10. it does what art is meant to do, which is to evoke, call forth, in its etymological sense, a reaction, an emotion, a thought, or a mental image

      Yes but it does so differently, and arguably to different ends. I think the comparison to art here is more distracting than helpful. For one thing, it's far from exhaustive. Scientific description is illustrative, in that it offers an example of (say) a species relative to a genera, other species. or sub-species. And it's evidentiary, in that it forms part of a proof or refutation. And it's surely other things, as well (citational. formulaic, technical), in addition to being evocative in an affective and intellectual sense. The point is that you can develop the idea that scientific description is not mere inert ornament (and so also disrupts the narrate/describe binary) without depending on this rather loose sense of "evocative."

    11. 8th Century French monograph genre of the Description

      An excellent paragraph, but I think it needs a more direct description of this genre: what tends to be described, in what kind of forms or prose style, by whom, at what length and with what readership? etc.

    1. I suspect this is one of the main reasons for the MLA’s inclusion of all anglophone literature in the later twentieth century

      Omit. It's an overdetermined shift, so speculation just invites contradiction.

    2. o make you see

      I think you need to expend a bit more effort explaining why this isn't mostly a metaphor for showing rather than telling -- what Mark McGurl calls the most durable modernist doxa in C20th literature.

  3. Apr 2022
    1. inexpressible color-sensations, what philosophers might call inverted qualia(See, for example, Byrne). , are features of Woolf’s fiction, as well as her nonfiction. To the Lighthouse is a perfect text

      A possible critical hook -- why is it that, in an age in which colors are becoming ever-more specified, that Woolf continues to think of color as inexpressible?

    2. A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, Wilde’s The Picture of Dorian Gray

      Examples of what Jed Esty would call the modernist counter- or anti-bildungsroman

    3. post box red

      Although with this example you might also say that, no matter what country one comes from (and whether or not the post boxes there are red or some other color) "post box red" often indexes the specific red of British Royal Mail post boxes.

    4. in which living leaves are green, and dead leaves are brown

      Might it not also describe the way in which parts of a tree go on living after it has fallen, drawing for a while on the energy and nutrition latent within the organism? I'm no biologist...

    5. Not only are there no entries for bluish yellow or reddish green here, but a few other patterns are apparent. First, yellowish green is not mapped to the same color as greenish yellow, indicating that the order of the adjectives dictates precedence. Second, those colors that take -ish adjectives are common colors. However common a color like maroon might be, reddish maroon does not appear in this list, potentially because it’s not considered a basic color with the ability to be mixed. However, some colors which are common in marketing, like beige and teal, but which are less common in paint names, are present here.

      Further to the last note: it's hard for me to make much of this plausible-sounding analysis without knowing more about what this matrix means. What am I to deduce about the fact that, in this chart, adjective order dictates precedence? Is this a fact about color or about this particular taxonomy of colors?

    6. the strange death of the old beige order

      I know what you're getting at here, but it tends to replicate the Bloomsbury Group's own (often dubious) claims about the colorlessness of the previous generation. But take a look at Edwardian popular culture. As you go on to suggest in the next section, it's often bright as hell! Take half a step away from modernist ideology and make the same point: "they signal her belief in the strange death of..."

    7. This is the climate in which the colors of modernist literature are being written

      Arguably too broad of a claim: you've suggested why we ought to see Fry's exhibit as important for Bloomsbury; it's not clear that you can extend the claim to modernist literature as such.

    8. to be about color

      A strong claim, of the kind Clement Greenberg will make about the abstract expressionism of the 1940s and 1950s. Do you have evidence for this in art historical writing? It'll be important to substantiate, since the work of a Cezanne or Van Gogh is not only "about color" -- it's also about many other things, including the relation between color and line, between the pictorial plane and the support, etc.

    9. with such works as “The Waste Land” in 1922, and the first British performance of Stravinsky’s ballet “The Rite of Spring

      Not immediately clear how these relate to the taste for Japanese woodblock printing, though perhaps you're referring to the more general Asian influence referred to in the sentence's first part?

    10. fading of the paintings’ colors over time

      Surely there are other variables for which you'd have to account -- e.g., the possibilty that restoration has articifically brightened a painting; the levels, direction, and quality of artificial or natural light when the painting was photographed; the camera, film, or software involved; the skill of the photographer. Given these many variables, how reliably can you draw conclusions from the brightness of 100 digital images of variable provenance? Putting it otherwise, can you deduce anything about paintings this way, rather than about the digital representation of paintings?

    11. see

      Is "see" here not as much figurative as literal? It refers to the novelist's duty to perceive clearly and completely and to translate the nature of that perception to the reader. An an exhortation, it's normative as well as epistemological -- not just "see" but "see properly."

    12. autotelos

      Is the Brown gambit really autotelic? It's not "Mrs Brown for Mrs Brown's Own Sake" so much as "Mrs Brown for Mrs Brown's Own Sake As Virginia Woolf Imagines It" -- the argument depends on a distinction between means and ends but we still have to trust the author's ability to distinguish between them.

    13. imagination algorithm

      Perhaps you'll do this in the intro but for non-quant specialist readers it would be helpful to define this term (the second time it's been invoke) a little more fully.

    14. These are not technical details, I must emphasize, but are crucial decisions, informed by the psychological and philosophical research in color studies,

      Understood.

    15. it is given textual input, and returns visual information

      Is this how human reading works? I get the idea but the description seems inexact, if only because textual "inputs" (the human reader's encounter with written language) also produces auditory information, as well as information that might register through haptic sensations (the feel of a word silently formed in the mouth, the weave of paper, the slide of a finger on a screen, etc).

  4. Feb 2021
    1. This leads me to a theory that the most colorful fiction actually shows something we might call prose poetry. Alternatively, colorful fiction could be evidence of a childlike perceptual state on the part of the narrator.

      Which is it? How would you distinguish between these alternatives and what difference do they make?

    2. we’re able to take advantage of the ways writers show us the perceptual experience of words, rather than just their categories

      Again, I don't know exactly what this means -- the distinction between the "perceptual experience" of a word (do words experience things?) and "[the words'] categories" is not very clear. Does it amount to more than saying that Mansfield's narrator (or is it Bertha, or both?) discriminates between common associations between objects and colors and particular associations? If so, I worry that this is a trivial observation.

    3. the literary imagination of grass has the color category green.

      OK this seems reasonable, obvious even. But I don't know why this is a critically significant observation, or one that we need your methods to confirm, rather than being confident that a surmise will do (e.g., Person A: "Yeah, the word grass is more commonly used in association with the word green than the word red." Person B: "Yeah, I guess.")

    4. The antidote to the Pantone set is one from Russell Monroe

      "If the Pantone set betrays the influence of commerce, an antidote comes in the form of..."

    5. their respective countries

      Who are "they" here? (Navy blue is also a conventional color in Britain, for a long time now unattached to any specific uniform or service.)

    6. To model imagination

      It's still not clear to me why "we" are doing this? What does it mean to model imagination and why is it helpful? Some recapitulation would be useful here.

    7. living leaves are green, and dead leaves are brown

      It's possible, also, that some of the leaves on the fallen tree are still alive. This happens. The deadness of trees is not digital.

    8. The same is true of description and narration: they exist along a spectrum, and overlap with each other considerably.

      If the distinction admits of gradation, then it's not (as you implied above) a distinction without a difference. Graduated distinctions are, also, real distinctions.

    9. This is about more than just a distinction between the stylistic pastoral and epic, though, where description recounts in minute detail because it has the bourgeois leisure of a shepherd, and narration practically presents the facts, with military precision. Description is not essentially static, even though it often is. The proof is simply that action can be, and is, imagined in the same way as a still-life. Furthermore, description’s linearity makes it a priori dynamic.

      All this needs far greater elaboration and patience. You've moving very quickly, often through mere assertion, through a huge mass of argument. Why the reference to pastoral and epic? Why is the static/dynamic distinction important? Why does our ability to imagine action in freeze-frame say anything about the actual relation between narration and action? In your pursuit of a breezy and direct style, it's possible to make an argument more, rather than less, obscure.

    10. visual component (strong description)

      Why is the visual "strong"? Is your implicit claim that the visual is essential to strong description, relative to the other senses? Or is your interest in the distinction between sensing (of which seeing is one example) and imagining?

    11. In other words, to narrate is to describe

      You haven't proved this; you've just asserted, without evidence, that description and narration are often co-extensive, which is not the same thing at all.

    12. the creation of textual color from a mental image involves digitization: approximative translation from an analog, linear system (a spectrum) to a digital, discrete system (a word)

      I don't follow your terminology here. Why is the selection of a word (often quite customary) to be considered digital, rather than analog? The simple fact of selecting one word (from among others) doesn't seem sufficient.

    13. It

      "Description is always selective, and it always refracts" -- but do you want to commit to the visual metaphor (refracts) here, or does "refract" just mean, more broadly, that the description of an object in some way affects that object?