and they are eager for the river crossing
Another connection to classical mythology
35 Matching Annotations
- Nov 2020
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sites.psu.edu sites.psu.edu
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They now commingle with the coward angels,the company of those who were not rebelsnor faithful to their God, but stood apart.
This can be taken as a metaphor for the people of Italy that would not side with either those loyal to the Empire and those loyal to the Papacy. Even those that do not take a side will be judged
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And he to me, as one who comprehends:"Here one must leave behind all hesitation;here every cowardice must meet its death.
Here Virgil gives a classical view to arriving to the Underworld. Just as Heracles, and Orpheus went down into Hades with confidence and without expectations, so must Virgil and Dante
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For I am not Aeneas, am not Paul
These are are two characters that would be known by every Italian. Aeneas being the one who started the Roman People according to Classical Mythology and Paul being one the largest producer of early Christians writing which would go on to be a book in the Bible. Both of these characters are ones who were travelers that had their faith tested. Aeneas in the Aenid and Paul while on the Road to Damascus.
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And I was born, though late, sub Julio,4and lived in Rome under the good Augustus the season of the false and lying gods.
This shows a tradition that would be followed by John Milton in which he describes the fallen angels as acting as the pagan gods that tempted Man before Jesus came.
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241 gave me good cause for hopefulness on seeingthat beast before me with his speckled skin;but hope was hardly able to preventthe fear I felt when I beheld a lion
This creature has been identified with similarities of Cerberus from Classical Mythology. The reader will see later how this creature is acting as a guardian to the entrance to Hell.
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"And are you then that Virgil, you the fountain that freely pours so rich a stream of speech?"I answered him with shame upon my brow.
Here Dante is able to identify his personal Hero Virgil. Through the Comedy, Dante's two guides will have very personal connections to himself. One being his personal Hero and the other being the Love of his Life.
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- Oct 2020
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sites.psu.edu sites.psu.edu
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Let those who receive new clothes always return the old ones, to be put away in the wardrobe for the poor.
Donations to the Poor should be given whenever there is new clothes that come into their possession
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no account let anyone who is not ordered to do so, associate or speak with guests; but if he meet or see them, having saluted them humbly, as we have said, and asked a blessing, let him pass on saying that he is not allowed to speak with a guest.
The Monks should still observe their silence, and not speak with the visitors if they are not ordered to. Rather they should just salute them.
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185 During the Lenten season let them be employed in reading from morning until the third hour, and till the tenth hour let them do the work which is imposed on them. During these daysof Lent let all received books from the library, and let them read them through in order. These books are to be given out at the beginning of the Lenten season. Above all, let one or two of the seniors be appointed to go about the monastery during the time that the brethren devote to reading and take notice, lest perhaps a slothful brother be found who giveth himself up to idleness or vain talk, and doth not attend to his reading, and is unprofitable, not only to himself, but disturbeth also others. If such a one be found (which God forbid), let him be punished once and again. If he doth not amend, let him come under the correction of the Rule in such a way that others may fear. And let not brother join brother at undue times. On Sunday also let all devote themselves to reading, except those who are appointed to the various functions. But if anyone should be so careless and slothful that he will not or cannot meditate or read, let some work be given him to do, that he may not be idle. Let such work or charge be given to the weak and the sickly brethren, that they are neither idle, nor so wearied with the strain of work that they are driven away. Their weakness must be taken into account by the Abbot.53. Concerning the Reception of Guests Let all guests who arrive be received as Christ, because He will say: "I was a stranger and you took Me in" (Mt 25:35). And let due honor be shown to all, especially to those "of the household of the faith" (Gal 6:10) and to wayfarers...
Everyone is welcomed in the Monastery as Guests. It would be against the words of the Bible to reject a guess.
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f, however, the needs of the place, or poverty should require that they do the work of gathering the harvest themselves, let them not be downcast, for then are they monks in truth, if they live by the work of their hands, as did also our forefathers and the Apostles. However, on account of the faint-hearted let all things be done with moderation.
You shouldn't be unhappy that you have to do work, or if there is more work that has appeared to do. Rather you should be glad with the opportunity and live by the works of your hands
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Nevertheless, in view of the weakness of the infirm we believe that a hemina9 of wine a day is enough for each one
They believed that it was okay to drink, but still with regulation.
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But to younger boys the same quantity shall not be served, but less than that to the older ones; moderation being observed in all things. But the eating of the flesh of quadrupeds shall be abstained from altogether by everyone, excepting alone the weak and the sick.
Talks about how even these strict rules had exceptions. The old would get more food than the young and the weak and sick could get more sustainable food than others.
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"In much talk you shall not escape sin" (Prov 10:19).
by talking you run the risk of indulging in the sins of the flesh. It is only through meditation and listening that a Monk is able to divine what is good and what is wrong.
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The Abbot ought always to remember what he is and what he is called
Remember that you are being referred to in a title that is close to Jesus' therefore being compared to Jesus so don't besmirch this title.
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This obedience, however, will be acceptable to God and agreeable to men then only, if what is commanded is done without hesitation, delay, lukewarmness, grumbling or complaint, because the obedience which is rendered to Superiors is rendered to God...
It is only by obeying the commands and those that speak for God, i.e. the Abbot, that the Monks will properly be able to divine the will of God.
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To hate one's own will
To deny your own desires in order to focus on God.
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To deny one's self in order to follow Christ
to always humble yourself to serve Christ
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Not to be drowsy.
To not slack in chores. Physical labor is important to the rule of St. Benedict
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Let the Abbot himself, however, do everything in the fear of the Lord and out of reverence for the Rule, knowing that, beyond a doubt, he will have to give an account to God, the most just Judge, for all his rulings
Trust in the ruling of the Abbot because even if he is wrong then he will have to answer to God with it.
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Having heard the brethren's views, let him weigh the matter with himself and do what he thinks best.
Personal medititation was important for a punishment and rehabilitation.
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ut you have hated discipline, and have cast My words behind you" (Ps 49[50]:16-17
This can be seen as one of the reasonings for the use of punishment to instill discipline in the Monks
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The Abbot who is worthy to be over a monastery, ought always to be mindful of what he is called, and make his works square with his name of Superior. For he is believed to hold the place of Christ in the monastery
Here we see how the teacher and head monk is being called abbot. This is similar to the name of Abba that was used by the Jews in reference to their teachers as well as what Jesus was called.
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- Sep 2020
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sites.psu.edu sites.psu.edu
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those slain at Marathon
One of the first victories for the Athenian Forces during their war.
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least, the requirements of the law are now satisfied
This hints at a ritualist fashion in which oratory was used in the society. It was so embedded that it was even present in the funeral rights as a law that had to be followed.
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their children will be brought up till manhood at the public expense
The Children of the dead will brought up on the money of the State. This is compensation for the lose of the breadwinner in the family.
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their children will be brought up till manhood at the public expense
The Children of the dead will brought up on the money of the State. This is compensation for the lose of the breadwinner in the family.
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Great will be your glory in not falling short of your natural character; and greatest will be hers who is least talked of among the men, whether for good or for bad.
This is an example of how the Greeks viewed women has having to be full of virtue, and that the greatest glory that they could give to their dead husbands would be to lead a life of virtue in which no one speaks of them.
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But fortunate indeed are they who draw for their lot a death so glorious as that which has caused your mourning
These men died a death that was the best death that they could have hoped for, death in battle. Therefore the parents should be comforted, not consoled for their loss.
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You, their survivors, must determine to have as unfaltering a resolution in the field, though you may pray that it may have a happier resul
Almost reminiscent of the Gettysburg Address. As a well read man, this could have proved to be inspiration to Abraham Lincoln when he quickly developed the Address.
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"I shall begin with our ancestors: it is both just and proper that they should have the honor of the first mention on an occasion like the present
an example of the ancestor worship that was prevalent in Ancient Greece
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For Athens
The speaker is not talking just of the city of Athens, but rather that of the Polis. This is where knowledge and even Man himself was supposed to grow to his highest potential. The Polis is meant to be the state of nature for Man
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We cultivate refinement without extravagance and knowledge without effeminacy. Wealth we employ more for use than for show, and place the real disgrace of poverty not in being poor but in declining the struggle to escape from it.
an example of the arrogance that Athens had for themselves. Although they would support and pursue such virtuous ideas, when push came to shove, the Athenians would sometimes cross the lines to accomplish their goals.
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particularly such as regard the protection of the injured
this is the basic definition of Justice to the ancients. To protect the weak from the strong.
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panegyric
Definition: a public speech or published text in praise of someone or something.
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