In other words, the knowledge that citizen scientists bring to a research project can be a crucial resource for improving regulatory science.

shale gas development, advocacy groups ques- tioned whether these monitoring programs were aligned with public concerns. Pennsylvania’s environmental regulators lacked the staff and resources to fully respond to public demands for fracking- related water testing. Realizing the shortage of resources, regulators themselves sometimes encouraged people to participate in volunteer water monitoring efforts to answer the questions that concerned them, as in this letter to a concerned citizen: “We cur- rently do not have the resources to conduct baseline testing [of streams] prior to the start of drilling activities. e Department is responsible for assessing all of our waterways, and should therefore be able to document an impact that would actually cause impair- ment of a stream’s designated use. However, it might be difficult to measure more subtle changes. We strongly encourage citizens who want to be involved in protecting their water resources to partici- pate in volunteer monitoring programs.”

itizen scientists monitor different areas of concern, including water, air, and transportation routes. Some are primarily concerned with public health, while others focus on ecosystems, and still others aim to prevent catastrophic accidents. All these projects bring participatory research to bear on new and unanswered questions about the impacts of fracking and pres- ent a range of possibilities for changing the way that oil and gas extraction is governed in the United States.

. ̧ e liq- uid and solid wastes that are produced pose significant environ- mental and public health risks if not handled securely,º and there ?. .. Volunteers collect water quality data. Photograph by Kirk Jalbert.

Throughout Jaime Cortez’s short story Gordro, we find instances of where Gordo is assimilating to the mainstream image of a boy with masculine interests. This need of being masculine is pushed by his father and Cesar. The passage highlighted how Gordo quickly code switched from singing a girly song to doing something masculine hence counting. Although his father scolded him on counting, Gordo could’ve gone back to singing but he did not. As his first instinct to sing a song about being a princess. But Gordo wants to become more like or have his fathers approval, Gordo wants to please his fathers so he crosses a boundary to be accepted.

An instance of where Gordo is assimilating to his family’s culture of calling people by their nicknames instead of their actual name. On page 62 where Gordo’s father gave the nickname “Head and Shoulders” to Primi. Gordo wanting to fit in not only with his family but also with his father, on the next page we see Gordo calling Primi, “Head and Shoulders”.

The passage highlighted on page 68 shows Gordo’s need of fitting in by becoming more like Cesar. While the girls, Sylvie and Tiny and the boys, Gordo and Cesar are having a fight over who gets to take home porn magazines. Cesar says to the girls that porn magazines are not meant for women to look at only boys and men. Gordo comments in agreement followed by, “eager to redeem myself as a dutiful foot soldier in Cesar’s eyes” (Cortez 2021 68). Gordo needs this feeling of being accepted so he is assimilating, becoming more alike to the people around him that he wants to impress. In this example it is Cesar who he wants to gain approval of.

According to Ramírez's "Latinx Assimilation," assimilation refers to becoming more alike to the mainstream majority in society. As the minority absorbs the culture from the majority, a type of boundary crossing occurs (Ramírez, 2021, 1)

Ramírez, Catherine. “Latinx Assimilation.” Oxford Research Encyclopedia of American History, February 23, 2021. https://oxfordre.com/americanhistory/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780199329175.001.0001/acrefore-9780199329175-e-791.

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