When you come to terms with the idea that you need to activatethe amygdala’s circuits to generate new associations, you’ve learnedan important lesson. We like the pithy phrase “activate to generate”as shorthand for this requirement, which is perhaps the most chal-lenging lesson in the language of the amygdala. It’s challengingbecause it involves accepting the experience of anxiety as necessaryfor new learning to occur. By engaging in experiences that activatethe amygdala’s memory of a specific object or situation, you commu-nicate to the amygdala in its own language and put it in the best situ-ation for new circuits to form and new learning to occur

Here’s an example that illustrates how associa-tion, not cause and effect, governs amygdala-based anxiety: Josefinawas presenting a teddy bear to her grandson, who was runninghappily toward her. Then he suddenly fell and split his lip open onthe driveway. Now he experiences amygdala-based anxiety wheneverhe sees a teddy bear. Because the perfectly harmless teddy bear wasassociated with the pain of the injury, the teddy bear became atrigger, leading to a fear of teddy bears.

The truthis, the cortex often comes up with reasons for our behaviors, whichmay or may not be accurate explanations.

First, she needs to recognize that her pounding heart andincreased rate of breathing, which would help her if she needed torun or fight, don’t indicate that she’s truly in danger. These responsesare part of the amygdala’s reaction, and they aren’t helpful in thecontext of public speaking. Fran needs to understand that this isn’ta dangerous situation and that her amygdala is setting off an alarmunnecessarily. Even if the speech Fran is about to give is very impor-tant, perhaps for her career, it’s unlikely that this is the life-or-deathsituation that her amygdala seems to be preparing her for.

One day her physician performed a little experiment (one thatwouldn’t be ethical by today’s standards). When he reached out toshake her hand, he stuck her hand with a pin he’d hidden in hispalm. The next day, when the woman saw the doctor extend hishand, she quickly withdrew her hand in fear. When asked why sherefused to shake his hand, she couldn’t offer an explanation. In addi-tion, she reported that she had no memory of seeing the doctorbefore. She had no cortex-based memory of an event that wouldcause her to fear the doctor; but her amygdala had created an emo-tional memory, and her fear was the evidence of it.

Being aware of the amygdala’s ability to take over is crucial foranyone who’s struggling with anxiety. It’s a reminder that the brainis hardwired to allow the amygdala to seize control in times of danger.And because of this wiring, it’s difficult to directly use reason-basedthought processes arising in the higher levels of the cortex to controlamygdala-based anxiety. You may have already recognized that youranxiety often doesn’t make sense to your cortex, and that your cortexcan’t just reason it away.

People who have panic disorder and suffer from panicattacks find it useful to recognize that many aspects of a panic attackare related to the amygdala’s activation of the fight-or-flight response.Pounding heart, trembling, stomach distress, and hyperventilationare all related to the amygdala’s attempts to prepare the body foraction. These symptoms often cause people to think they might behaving a stroke or heart attack or are “going crazy.” When peopleunderstand that the roots of a panic attack often lie in the amygda-la’s attempts to prepare the body to respond to an emergency, they’reless likely to be troubled by these concerns

When our eyes, ears, nose, or finger-tips receive information, the information travels from these senseorgans to the thalamus, and the thalamus sends this informationdirectly to the amygdala. At the same time, the thalamus also sendsthe information to the appropriate areas of the cortex for higher-level processing. However, the amygdala receives information beforethe information can be processed by the various lobes in the cortex.This means the lateral nucleus of the amygdala can react to protectyou from danger before your cortex even knows what the danger is.

{  "type": "https://example.net/validation-error",  "title": "Your request is not valid.",  "errors": [        {         "detail": "must be a positive integer",         "pointer": "#/age"        },        {         "detail": "must be 'green', 'red' or 'blue'",         "pointer": "#/profile/color"        }      ]  }

HTTP/1.1 403 Forbidden Content-Type: application/problem+json Content-Language: en { "type": "https://myexample.com/issues/out-of-credit", "title": "You do not have enough credit to book a room.", "detail": "Your current balance is 30 EUR, but a room costs 50 EUR per night.", "instance": "/accounts/12345/errors/out-of-credit/err_instance_id=123", "balance": 30, "account": "/accounts/12345" }

The Windows, macOS, and Linux profile-guided optimizationsinclude these checks and improvements:• Function inlining: If a function is regularly called from anotherfunction, then it will be inlined, or copied into the calling func-tion, to reduce the stack size.• Virtual call speculation and inlining: If a virtual function callfrequently targets a certain function, then PGO can insert a condi-tionally executed direct call to that function. The direct call canthen be inlined.• Register allocation optimization: Based on profile data re-sults, the PGO will optimize register allocation.• Basic block optimization: Basic block optimization allowscommonly executed basic blocks that temporally execute within agiven frame to be placed in the same locality, or set of pages. Itminimizes the number of pages used, which minimizes memoryoverhead.

make has many options. Here are some you’ll find useful throughoutthis book:Option Use-d, --debug[=FLAGS] Print various types of debugging information-e, --environment-overrides Environment variables override makefiles-i, --ignore-errors Ignore errors from commands-j [N], --jobs[=N] Allow N jobs at once or infinite jobs otherwise-k, --keep-going Keep going when some targets can’t be made-l [N], --load-average[=N],--max-load[=N]Start multiple jobs only if load < N48

It would be unrealistic to expect the developer to know the locationsof all of these libraries and to copy and paste them into the commandline, so make and configure are commonly used in C/C++ projects toautomate the creation of a build script.

# SuperFastPython.com# example of starting many tasks and getting access to all tasksimport asyncio # coroutine for a taskasync def task_coroutine(value):    # report a message    print(f'task {value} is running')    # block for a moment    await asyncio.sleep(1) # define a main coroutineasync def main():    # report a message    print('main coroutine started')    # start many tasks    started_tasks = [asyncio.create_task(task_coroutine(i)) for i in range(10)]    # allow some of the tasks time to start    await asyncio.sleep(0.1)    # get all tasks    tasks = asyncio.all_tasks()    # report all tasks    for task in tasks:        print(f'> {task.get_name()}, {task.get_coro()}')    # wait for all tasks to complete    for task in started_tasks:        await task # start the asyncio programasyncio.run(main())