mmediate hope is to participate in a much larger discussion of the issues raised here,

Fraternity alone associates individual happiness with the happiness of others,affording the promise of self-sustainment

it would seem worthwhile to questionwhether we need to take such a high risk of total destruction to gain yet more knowledgeand yet more things

we would create additional threats to ourselves by pursuingthese weapons

Another idea is to erect a series of shields to defend against each of the dangeroustechnologies.

global competition

haven't been widely publicized

"We can't simply do our science and not worry aboutthese ethical issues.

Wolfram

"ensuring continued cooperation from the robotindustries" by passing laws decreeing that they be "nice,"

ventually a stage may be reachedat which the decisions necessary to keep the system running will be so complex thathuman beings will be incapable of making them intelligently.

all

It simply finds discernible patterns of neural activity that precededecisions.

We act of our own free will to the extent that we have theopportunity to exercise these capacities

We should be wary of defining things out of existence.

You seem to be an agent actingof your own free will. The problem, however, is that this point ofview cannot be reconciled with what we know about the humanbrain.”

more difficult

clearly an illusion

indeed, a disturbingdegree of arbitrariness

consciousness has no independent impact onbehavior

elatively few biolo-gists seriously question the concept of free wil

Would punishing people for theirthoughts rather than for their actions violate the Eighth Amendment’s banon cruel and unusual punishment?

dentified by physicalcharacteristics, like large jaws or bushy eyebrows

he study of our decision-making powerscould bear some fruit for the law

trolley problem

Your headmovement was incredibly low, and you were the harshest punisher we’vehad,” Josh Buckholtz, one of the grad students, said with a happy laugh.“You were a researcher’s dream come true!”

agreed to let Weinsteinplead guilty in exchange for a reduced charge of manslaughter.

American law holds peoplecriminally responsible unless they act under duress

he jury must stillassume its traditional role in evaluating the reliability andvalue of forensic neuroimaging techniques

orensic memory detection technology does not, in its cur-rent state, satisfy the reliability standards for legal admis-sibility.

Butthisisacompany–we'reheretomakemoney."

ouldpreventanother9/11

NoLieMR

cortexlituponfMRIwhenhissubjectslied

I'mrelievedwhentheexperimentisover

scientistsareusingthetechnologytoanalyzethecognitivedifferencesbetweentruthandlies

Without this client’s knowledge, the therapist would attempt to plant false childhood events in the client’s memory –events designed to change the client’s unhealthy relationship with fatty foods. The therapist, however, would only reveal their deception many months after the therapy was complete.

brainwashed you without your consent

If such continuity between point A in time and point B in time is lost, the numerical personal identity between A and B is no longer kept

personal numerical identity

e have “rights to dampen memories” as well as “rights to enhance memories or memory-retention skills” [4]

depend on individual memories

the capacity to deal with psychological difficulties in the future,

dampens

enhance

is there a risk that you would forgivehim too easily?

even about keyautobiographical facts – are actually incorrect or evenfalse.

an ordinary and important part oflife

When theymade the mice produce an excess of this protein,memories of painful events were completelyeliminated.

playing God

our brains are wired to preserve emotionallyserious memories

When you pull one brick out of the wall of memories, manyother memories go with it. Memories are incredibly interlocked with oneanother.”

whowe are or how we behave

Freud

Some may want to object that sufficient cognitive enhancement by itself will producethe moral enhancement required to avoid the misuses of science and technology wehave indicated

Oxytocin has been shown to promote trus

Given that we now have an outline of what enhancement of moral motivation could

Schopenhauer

he prospects of moral enhancement

iological weapons

Moore’s Law

access to supercomputers.

d Ritalin for its pilots.

xperiments have documented that previous exercise of self-control

pre- and perinatal enhancement.

f so, would people choose to take it? Couldcriminals be given the option, as an alternative to prison, of a drug

our moral behavior, i

he concernof addiction as it standsis not weak or strong enough to supportthe argument in either direction, and this concern alone is not enough to prohibit the use of the drug either among the healthy orthe ill.

there is an ethical case fordisabling the prohibition of drugs used for cognitive enhancement purposes among the healthy,

whohave a right to make an informed choice

prohibition work?

thepromotion of well-being.

a sympathetic physician

conservative

stimulant

Cognitive enhancement is not new

healthy.

normal people

specifically about people withdisabilities

analogous

variousprognosticators

variousprognosticators

augmenting

neurointervention

better than normal

implications.

the relationshipbetween biology and function.

programsforimproving employee attitude

Once the head of the child has come out, the child may not be harmed because it is considered as fully born, and one life may not be taken to save another.

culpable for murder, since the unborn fetus is not considered a person

he value of the child to the husband

We would first have to define what “person” means

When you get up in the morning and look in themirror and know that's you, you have a sense of'you',

enormous brain withan enormous amount of complexity, and a complexitythat rivals our own.

Recognising their rights would mean an end to whaling and their captivity, or their use inentertainment

large amounts of people feel this pressure to use a drug even though they would prefer not to do it, and it's happening in a kind of unregulated context as it is now (with Adderall) and many people may be led to set aside reasonable worries about bad side effects because of this pressure, this soft coercion you're talking about

which kind of cognitive enhancements you're talking about,

damage our natur

ou can usually tell who’s using them because they can be angry, testy, hyperfocused, they don’t want to be bothered

erform on exams, or prepare presentations and grants,

Barry Bonds and Roger Clemens

The principle of nonmaleficence requires of us that we not intentionallycreate a harm or injury to the patient, either through acts of commission oromission. In common language, we consider it negligent if one imposes acareless or unreasonable risk of harm upon another

surgery.

. Our medical goal should be toprovide the greatest benefit to the patient

provide guidance in discovering our moral

. But go odpeopledo goodbeca use it’s

“A thin g is no t ju st becauseGod wi ll s it, but God wills it be -cause it is j

we haveno moral obligation to obe y t

Consequently,culturalre la tivismcannotbe cor re

s

what makesan act ion right forsomeone is that it is appro ved by th

If ther e wer ea universalmor ality, wo uldn’ t therebe muchmoreag reementabouttheseis -sues th an the

We wa nt to knowwhatmakesan act ion right becausewe wantto do the ri ght

is har dwire d into

hou shalt not kill. ” So whatshou ld you

mi sery, he did it at his brother’s request.

ple : “The earth has air, water, and living orga nis ms. Mar s ha s ai rand water. Th erefore Mars ha s

in two variet ies : us ingan oppon ent’s inabilityto disprovea conclus ion as pro of of the concl u-si on’s correctn

Division

CompositionAn

Begging the Question

Premi ses are insufficientif they do no t est ablish the conclu sion beyo nd areas onabledoub

Oth er things being eq ual, thesimplera hypot hes is is— the few er ass ump -tion s it make s— the be t

strongargum entAninductiveargumentth at would establi shits co ncl usion with ahigh degree of pro ba -bility if its premiseswere true

Enu mer ativ e Indu

pr in -cipl e of charity: choose th at interpretation whic h makes th e mos t sense fr oma logical point

e the purposeof id entifyingarguments is gett ing at th

how it’s possible for a concept to apply

Not long afterward, the Athenians felt such remorse that they closed the train-ing grounds and gymnasiums. They put Meletus to death and banished his other accusers. They erected a bronze statue of Socrates to honor him; it was the work of Lysippus and was placed in the hall of processions.1

The problem is that most of our information about the external world comes to us through our senses, and we can’t be certain of anything we’ve learned through our senses.

powerless

inquiries

viable

some of the worst mistakes that can be made in his subject and how to avoid them.

ctions are based on beliefs, and actions based on true beliefs are more likely to succeed than those based on false ones. So it’s in your best interest to have true philosophical beliefs.