collapsed
A state arose in the Ethiopian highlands led by Amharic-speaking peoples.
39 Matching Annotations
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drying of the Sahara
Desertification forced people toward the Nile, concentrating populations in fertile areas.
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opment
North Africa developed centralized states; Carthage became a powerful city-state.
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state
The division between the two is misleading.
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household and child-re
Colonial labor demands removed men from local households, worsening the imbalance of family responsibilities.
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ports,” such as Timbuktu
Trans-Saharan trade networks helped create powerful urban centers in precolonial Africa. Timbuktu = key example.
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colonial labor deman
colonialism disrupted traditional household economies, placing heavier burdens on women for child-rearing and domestic work.
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gbo are neighbors of the highly politically centralized Yoruba, but their political system is much dif-fe
igbo vs yoruba: shows variety of political systems in Africa
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y in Africa this prehistoric-historic distinction has little value. Most h
written records are not the only way to study history: oral and lineage- based societies matter too.
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Rather than a sudden, massive movement of population, it is more likely to have ebbed and flowed over mil-lennia,
expansion happened slowly, involving cultural and technology exchange, not just migration.
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societies
Different environments shaped very different societies.
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language
Language groups= evidence of cultural diversity and adaption.
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Africa
Africa is where modern humans originated.
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he sheer number of sovereign African countries (fifty-four) across a landmass that is three times larger than the United States chal-lenges historians who seek to uncover and explain continental trends. In this chapter, we present a general historical background on Africa to facilitate understanding of the issues treated in subsequent chapters. Many present-day challenges and conflicts in Africa stem from p
I feel like this paragraph sets stage with historical background for later topics.
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powers
Great power politics have long shaped Africa (scramble for Africa , Cold War, modern china/us/russia)
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southward
Africas seasonal rains and agriculture depend on ITCZ shifts.
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continent
ITCZ movement north (June) and south (January) across Africa.
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Natural
Map shows ITCZ movement north in June and south in January across Africa.
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ITCZ) (see Map 2.1). The ITCZ represents a meteorological dynamic whereby
ITCZ= primary rainmaker; vital for understanding African climate
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era
Shows how empires shaped not only politics but also geographic knowledge.
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stud
The author points out that scholarship has divided Africa into two parts
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It is for this reason that this book includes contributions from Africanists who hail from a variety of academic departments and disciplines, including anthropology, business, development studies, economics, geography, his-tory,
The diversity of contributors reflects the book's goal of giving a comprehensive view of Africa through different lenses
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interdisciplinary
This section introduces the idea that studying Africa requires multiple academic perspectives, not just one discipline.
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Traditional
many studies overlook North Africa, but the text argues that all regions must be considered.
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porary Africa requires a continental perspective inclusive of
the author stresses the importance of looking at Africa as a whole and not just a region, to understand its complexity.
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Liberian president Ellen Johnson Sirleaf is the first elected female head of state in Africa, serving from 2006 to 2018.
a milestone for women in African politics and show progress in gender representation in leadership.
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kilome
country size
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approxi
highlights the range in population sizes and literacy rates across African countries
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contem
this page talks about the diversity of Africa, like it countries and political beliefs
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frica emerges as an economic powerhouse with over $29 billion in imports/e
this highlights the economic inequality within Africa, showing how South Africa dominates trade while smaller nations contribute very little.
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Why can we think of Africans as natives, but never the Chinese
Highlights inconsistency and racial bias in language
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But the term African native evokes a negative connotation,
Even when no harm is meant by this term, "African native" still sounds degrading.
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This book investigates the histories of our inaccurate and stereotypical words and ideas and suggests alternatives.
main purpose of the book
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Home? School? Church? Friends? Television?
Crtical Reflection: How does media, school, and culture shape our ideas of Africa.
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Our students have helped us create lists of words that come to mind using this exercise. Within a few minutes, a class frequently generates 30 or 40 words that Americans associate with Africa. Native, hut, warrior, shield, tribe, terrorist, savage, cannibals, jungle, pygmy, barbarian, pagan, voodoo, and witch doctor are commonly associated with “traditional” Africa.
this shows how stereotypes form in American minds about Africa.
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coup, poverty, ignorance, drought, famine,
Suggests Africa is framed mainly through crisis and disaster in Western media.
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nclude safari, wild animals, elephant, lion, and pyramid.
Highlights how Africa is commonly viewed only through tourism or media rather then realities.
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And we know that Africa is a place of famine, disease, poverty, coups, and large wild animals.
What society/the news shows and tells us.
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that Africa’s 11.7 million square miles make it larger than China, the United States, India, most of Europe, Argentina, and New Zealand combined.
I did not know that Africa was this big. That is a very interesting fact.
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