SciScore for 10.1101/2021.08.29.21262788: (What is this?)

Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

Table 1: Rigor

Table 2: Resources

No key resources detected.

Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).

Another limitation is that our model underestimates vaccine efficacy against severe infections after 2 doses, assuming that it is equal to vaccine efficacy against all infections (which is set to 80% in the main analysis). However, assuming an optimistic 90% vaccine efficacy after 2 doses against infections and severe cases, leads to similar conclusions with no possibility to fully relax barrier gestures safely. Moreover, we did not account for the increased risk of hospitalization related to the alpha variant compared to the historical strain 63 which could explain that our ICU hospitalizations/prevalent I4 ratio tends to increase over the calibration period. This could lead to an underestimation of the ICU hospitalizations rebound. Finally, we did not account for the age-related immune response heterogeneity to SARS-CoV2 infection and vaccine, which will have to be considered in the future to investigate more accurately the impact of a booster vaccination campaign among elderly. In conclusion, while the durability of immunity provided by an infection or by vaccination remains uncertain, we provide an insight on the predictable dynamic of the epidemic in France assuming that immunity wanes. To date, maintaining the application of barrier gestures seems unavoidable in the French context to not overwhelm health care capacities. While the possibility of a booster campaign among elderly is being considered, scientific evidences on its potential benefit are lacking.

Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.

Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.

Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.

• Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• No protocol registration statement was detected.

Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.

About SciScore

SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

SciScore for 10.1101/2021.08.22.21262392: (What is this?)

Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

Table 1: Rigor

Table 2: Resources

No key resources detected.

Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).

Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.

Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.

Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.

• Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• No protocol registration statement was detected.

Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.

About SciScore

SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

SciScore for 10.1101/2021.08.30.21262826: (What is this?)

Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

Table 1: Rigor

Table 2: Resources

No key resources detected.

Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).

Caveats, limitations and further developments: Our model makes a number of assumptions and has some limitations. We are considering only close contacts (for clarity, define here as per [1]) as an infection transmission pathway. Unavoidably, the contact pattern data we have used, derived from teacher elicitation [1], are an approximation of complex varying patterns of human interactions. Our model also assumes each classroom is isolated and independent of other classrooms, as far as transmission likelihood is concerned. Clearly there are interactions between pupils and adult staff from different classes and across age groups, but we judge this simplification is justified from evidence of limited cross age mixing, e.g. [6]. Our model does not consider other measures to mitigate transmission (e.g., masks, cleaning and ventilation). Some or all of these might be taken into account in development of a more sophisticated, more complicated model; this said, we doubt there would be much benefit for such additional complexities, given they would all introduce uncertainties and, it can be argued, would only introduce second order factors and effects. One major issue is that the model does not explicitly distinguish between community-related infection transmission outside and inside school. Thus, to a large extent, the current model is predicated intrinsically on community prevalence being dominant. The model is, however, able to identify transmission clusters and larger outbreaks of in...

Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.

Results from Barzooka: We found bar graphs of continuous data. We recommend replacing bar graphs with more informative graphics, as many different datasets can lead to the same bar graph. The actual data may suggest different conclusions from the summary statistics. For more information, please see Weissgerber et al (2015).

Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.

• Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• No protocol registration statement was detected.

Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.

About SciScore

SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

SciScore for 10.1101/2021.08.29.458083: (What is this?)

Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

Table 1: Rigor

Table 2: Resources

No key resources detected.

Results from OddPub: Thank you for sharing your data.

Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.

Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.

Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.

• Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• No protocol registration statement was detected.

Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.

About SciScore

SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

SciScore for 10.1101/2021.08.20.21261687: (What is this?)

Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

Table 1: Rigor

Table 2: Resources

Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).

Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.

Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.

Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.

• Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• No protocol registration statement was detected.

Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.

About SciScore

SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

SciScore for 10.1101/2021.08.28.458047: (What is this?)

Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

Table 1: Rigor

Table 2: Resources

Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).

Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.

Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.

Results from JetFighter: Please consider improving the rainbow (“jet”) colormap(s) used on page 58. At least one figure is not accessible to readers with colorblindness and/or is not true to the data, i.e. not perceptually uniform.

• Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• No protocol registration statement was detected.

Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.

About SciScore

SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

SciScore for 10.1101/2021.08.23.21262293: (What is this?)

Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

Table 1: Rigor

Table 2: Resources

Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).

Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.

Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.

Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.

• Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• No protocol registration statement was detected.

Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.

About SciScore

SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

SciScore for 10.1101/2021.08.27.21262728: (What is this?)

Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

Table 1: Rigor

Table 2: Resources

Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).

Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.

Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.

Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.

• Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• No protocol registration statement was detected.

Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.

About SciScore

SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

SciScore for 10.1101/2021.08.28.458041: (What is this?)

Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

Table 1: Rigor

Table 2: Resources

Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).

Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.

Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.

Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.

• Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• No protocol registration statement was detected.

Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.

About SciScore

SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

SciScore for 10.1101/2021.08.24.21262423: (What is this?)

Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

Table 1: Rigor

Table 2: Resources

Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).

Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.

Results from Barzooka: We found bar graphs of continuous data. We recommend replacing bar graphs with more informative graphics, as many different datasets can lead to the same bar graph. The actual data may suggest different conclusions from the summary statistics. For more information, please see Weissgerber et al (2015).

Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.

• Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• No protocol registration statement was detected.

Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.

About SciScore

SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

SciScore for 10.1101/2021.08.27.21262629: (What is this?)

Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

Table 1: Rigor

Table 2: Resources

No key resources detected.

Results from OddPub: Thank you for sharing your code and data.

Our study also has limitations. Although cell phone data was freely available and could help to predict trends during the pandemic, it is only a proxy for human contact. In this study we attempted to define a more robust definition of mobility, however it still remains a surrogate exposure. The association between mobility and COVID-19 cases may be underestimated, given our outcome is dependent on testing. Testing capacity has significantly changed throughout the pandemic in the United States. Seroprevalence studies estimate case detection is underrepresented by a factor of three times [39]. Although we do not believe this underrepresentation to be differential, outcomes such as COVID-19 related deaths and hospitalizations may be less bias. While the advantage is clear, the utility of these outcomes as a “real-time” public health tool is debatable as the latency period (time of infection to outcome) is long (>21 days). As with all observational studies, associations should not be interpreted causally. Our model does not take into consideration confounding interventions that could also increase or mitigate transmission such as the proportion of the population adhering to physical distancing guidelines, wearing masks, interactions outside vs inside or air quality. To effectively measure social distancing patterns individual wearable technology or trackers, would be more sensitive compared to aggregate data, but this raises ethical and privacy concerns [40]. Recent reports have ...

Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.

Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.

Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.

• Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• No protocol registration statement was detected.

Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.

About SciScore

SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

SciScore for 10.1101/2021.08.23.21262489: (What is this?)

Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

Table 1: Rigor

Table 2: Resources

No key resources detected.

Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).

Limitations: In this study, the mental health concerns on Twitter during the COVID-19 pandemic do not necessarily mean that these Twitter users had a mental illness. The keywords that we used for mental health concerns are relatively limited, which might introduce some biases. Another limitation lies in our demographic analysis. In our study, only a small proportion of users shared a valid human face as their profile pictures and a valid name. Of the 101,481 Twitter users we used for inference, only 11,330 (11%) users have valid names and profile pictures. Even if it’s a valid user, there is no guarantee that they are using photos and names of their own. In addition, due to the technical issue, we failed to collect the relevant Twitter data from May 18th, 2020 to May 19th, 2020, and from August 24th, 2020 to September 14th, 2020. Therefore, our data did not represent the whole population in the US.

Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.

Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.

Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.

• Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• Thank you for including a protocol registration statement.

Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.

About SciScore

SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

SciScore for 10.1101/2021.08.22.21262168: (What is this?)

Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

Table 1: Rigor

Table 2: Resources

Results from OddPub: Thank you for sharing your code and data.

Limitations: Researchers are still learning about the biology around these different vaccine formulations, which may elicit distinct types of antibody responses and specifically salivary antibodies. Furthermore, researchers are still learning about the immune components in saliva. For example, the method of assay may require special handling steps such as the pre-adsorption step with materials not containing the RBD or spike protein targets to reveal specific antibodies to the viral targets, as shown by the Gommerman lab ELISA assay(33, 44) and others (45). One limitation of our observational study is that the extent that salivary antibodies contribute to vaccine efficacy remains unknown, and further research should consider how salivary antibodies may explain some differences in observed vaccine efficacy. Antibodies are only one facet of a complex immune response, and therefore an important limitation of our study is that we did not investigate T-cell responses, which are seen to provide immune protection following vaccination even in the absence of protective antibodies. We were surprised to find such high levels of IgG isotype antibodies in the saliva of mRNA vaccinated individuals. In our limited testing, we found salivary IgA anti-RBD in response to natural infection, but not in all mRNA vaccinated individuals. Humans practice oral hygiene and perturbations to the mucosa that experimental animals do not. The elements of oral hygiene can lead to injury where individuals w...

Results from TrialIdentifier: We found the following clinical trial numbers in your paper:<br><table><td style="min-width:95px; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Identifier</td><td style="min-width:95px; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Status</td><td style="min-width:95px; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Title</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:95px; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">NCT04373148</td><td style="min-width:95px; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Recruiting</td><td style="min-width:95px; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Understanding Immunity to SARS-CoV-2, the Coronavirus Causin…</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:95px; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">NCT04505722</td><td style="min-width:95px; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Active, not recruiting</td><td style="min-width:95px; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">A Study of Ad26.COV2.S for the Prevention of SARS-CoV-2-Medi…</td></tr></table>

Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.

Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.

• Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• No protocol registration statement was detected.

Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.

About SciScore

SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

SciScore for 10.1101/2021.08.30.21262814: (What is this?)

Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

Table 1: Rigor

Table 2: Resources

No key resources detected.

Results from OddPub: Thank you for sharing your code and data.

Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.

Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.

Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.

• Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• No protocol registration statement was detected.

Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.

About SciScore

SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

SciScore for 10.1101/2021.08.26.21262705: (What is this?)

Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

Table 1: Rigor

Table 2: Resources

No key resources detected.

Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).

Few limitations which couldn’t be addressed due to the retrospective nature of this study are that 199 individuals in whom vaccination status was not available could not be included in the analysis among whom 21 (10·6%) died. Baseline ferritin and IL-6 marker profiles were available for very few in the final analysis cohort of 1,748 individuals. Data regarding the baseline antibody titers before infection and the variant of SARS-CoV-2are not available in these individuals. These factors could impact the disease severity and presentation and can lead to bias in the assessment of vaccine effectiveness. In Summary, our study shows that receiving both the doses of the vaccine protects the individual from developing severe COVID-19 and cytokine release syndrome as also reported by other vaccine efficacy trials and the world health organization. However, if vaccinated individuals develop severe COVID-19 and hypoxia due to other risk factors older age and comorbidities, they have a similar risk of death compared to that of unvaccinated individuals.

Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.

Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.

Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.

• Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• No protocol registration statement was detected.

Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.

About SciScore

SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

SciScore for 10.1101/2021.08.27.21262356: (What is this?)

Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

Table 1: Rigor

Table 2: Resources

Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).

This analysis has several limitations. Although COVID-NET covers approximately 10% of the U.S. population, our findings may not be generalizable to the entire country. Since SARS-CoV-2 testing was conducted at the discretion of healthcare professionals, COVID-NET may not have captured all COVID-19-associated hospitalizations. The primary reason for hospital admission was not always clear, and some patients who met the COVID-NET case definition may have been hospitalized for reasons that were not primarily related to COVID-19. The inclusion of these hospitalizations in rate calculations could have resulted in an overestimation of hospitalization rates for COVID-19 for both unvaccinated and vaccinated persons. Using population-based hospitalization rates, our study found unvaccinated adults are hospitalized at rates that are 17 times higher than for vaccinated adults in the same catchment areas. Rates of COVID-19-associated hospitalizations are far higher in unvaccinated persons in all adult age groups, even during a period when the highly-transmissible Delta variant was the predominant circulating variant.12 Population-based hospitalization rates will be a critical metric in the continued assessment of the effectiveness of vaccines in the population, and complementary to vaccine effectiveness studies using other methods.4,18 The much higher rates observed in unvaccinated persons compared to vaccinated adults suggest that vaccines remain highly effective in preventing hospitali...

Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.

Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.

Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.

• Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• No protocol registration statement was detected.

Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.

About SciScore

SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

SciScore for 10.1101/2021.08.23.21262464: (What is this?)

Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

Table 1: Rigor

Table 2: Resources

No key resources detected.

Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).

Limitations: The main limitation of this study is its small sample size, allowing for descriptive analyses rather than meaningful statistical interpretation. A further limitation was the imbalance in supplemental oxygen requirement at baseline, a result of the small sample size despite randomization. Nonetheless, the results suggest a potential clinical benefit for opaganib compared to placebo. An additional limitation of the study is that certain pre-defined secondary endpoints that relied on inpatient data collection could not be assessed. This was due to changing standard of practice leading to earlier discharge of patients than was anticipated at the time of protocol development. Notably, a greater proportion of patients on opaganib versus placebo were discharged prior to Day 14. Lastly, the clinical interpretation of the primary endpoint was limited, as described above, leading to the addition of post-hoc analyses to help with the overall interpretation of the data.

Results from TrialIdentifier: We found the following clinical trial numbers in your paper:<br><table><td style="min-width:95px; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Identifier</td><td style="min-width:95px; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Status</td><td style="min-width:95px; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Title</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:95px; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">NCT04414618</td><td style="min-width:95px; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Completed</td><td style="min-width:95px; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">A Study of Opaganib in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:95px; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">NCT04467840</td><td style="min-width:95px; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Completed</td><td style="min-width:95px; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Opaganib, a Sphingosine Kinase-2 (SK2) Inhibitor in COVID-19…</td></tr></table>

Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.

Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.

• Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• No protocol registration statement was detected.

Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.

About SciScore

SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

SciScore for 10.1101/2021.08.27.457964: (What is this?)

Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

Table 1: Rigor

Table 2: Resources

Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).

Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.

Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.

Results from JetFighter: Please consider improving the rainbow (“jet”) colormap(s) used on page 38. At least one figure is not accessible to readers with colorblindness and/or is not true to the data, i.e. not perceptually uniform.

• Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• No protocol registration statement was detected.

Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.

About SciScore

SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

SciScore for 10.1101/2021.08.25.21262623: (What is this?)

Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

Table 1: Rigor

Table 2: Resources

No key resources detected.

Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).

There are several limitations to consider with this study. The trial was initiated early in the pandemic, and temporal changes in clinical care including introduction of dexamethasone and remdesivir may have biased the trial towards the null. Our findings may also be consistent with the hypothesis that the RAAS does not play a significant role in SARS-CoV-2-related acute lung injury relative to other inflammatory pathways. Our choice of primary efficacy outcome required differential imputation methods based on whether or not the participant was treated with positive pressure ventilation, potentially affecting the results. However, the lack of effect on oxygen or mechanical ventilation-free days decreases the likelihood a larger study would identify clinically meaningful effects. While we detected sufficient concentrations of losartan, it remains possible lung parenchymal penetration is limited, mitigating potential efficacy. The relatively small sub-group undergoing RAAS measurement may have been underpowered to detect treatment effects. It remains possible that certain subgroups may benefit from ARB treatment that we could not identify due to inadequate subgroup sample size, including patients who may have RAAS dysregulation at baseline prior to infection. Finally, we cannot necessarily generalize these findings to other ARBs, ACE inhibitors, or other agents that modulate the RAAS.

Results from TrialIdentifier: We found the following clinical trial numbers in your paper:<br><table><td style="min-width:95px; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Identifier</td><td style="min-width:95px; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Status</td><td style="min-width:95px; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Title</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:95px; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">NCT04312009</td><td style="min-width:95px; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Completed</td><td style="min-width:95px; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Losartan for Patients With COVID-19 Requiring Hospitalizatio…</td></tr><tr style="background-color:#FF0000"><td style="min-width:95px; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">NCT043112009</td><td style="min-width:95px; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Trial number did not resolve on clinicaltrials.gov. Is the number correct?</td><td style="min-width:95px; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">NA</td></tr></table>

Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.

Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.

• Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• No protocol registration statement was detected.

Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.

About SciScore

SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

SciScore for 10.1101/2021.08.25.21262583: (What is this?)

Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

Table 1: Rigor

Table 2: Resources

Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).

Our study was associated with some limitations. First, we did not analyze the sequences of the viruses detected in this study. Thus, the effect of genetic mutation on the performance of Smart Gene SARS-CoV-2 was not evaluated. Second, this study was conducted in a limited season and area, and it may be necessary to verify whether similar results can be obtained throughout the year or in another area. Finally, the reference real-time RT-PCR assay used frozen stored purified extraction, and such storage and transportation methods may have affected the test results. In conclusion, current study showed that Smart Gene SARS-CoV-2 had sufficient analytical performance in the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in nasopharyngeal and anterior nasal samples.

Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.

Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.

Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.

• Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• No protocol registration statement was detected.

Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.

About SciScore

SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

SciScore for 10.1101/2021.08.28.21262543: (What is this?)

Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

Table 1: Rigor

Table 2: Resources

Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).

Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.

Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.

Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.

• Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• No protocol registration statement was detected.

Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.

About SciScore

SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

SciScore for 10.1101/2021.08.26.21262579: (What is this?)

Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

Table 1: Rigor

Table 2: Resources

No key resources detected.

Results from OddPub: Thank you for sharing your data.

Limitations of the study: An obvious limitation of our model is that it does not allow for circulation of multiple variants in the same population. In reality, variants compete with one another as well as the WT strain, and this may lead to complex behavior that is difficult to predict from pairwise interactions. It is particularly challenging to anticipate the dynamics of a system with multiple variants that each have some degree of enhanced transmissibility and immune escape, as the relative fitness of these strains may flip as the level of immunity in the population increases. Additional modeling is therefore required to understand the threats posed by different variants circulating simultaneously in a single population. Our model is also strictly focused on what happens to a variant following emergence; the phenomenon of emergence itself, which is inherently stochastic, is not considered here. The generation and persistence of novel lineages is related to the size of the infected population, as well as the selective pressures acting on the viral population. The emergence of new variants is therefore affected by control measures, such as nonpharmaceutical interventions and vaccination, that limit the prevalence of infection and alter the strength of selection on different traits [40]. This will be an important dimension to consider in future work, as the optimal strategies to minimize transmission of a particular variant may or may not be aligned with the best strategies t...

Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.

Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.

Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.

• Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• No protocol registration statement was detected.

Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.

About SciScore

SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

SciScore for 10.1101/2021.08.27.21262744: (What is this?)

Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

Table 1: Rigor

Table 2: Resources

Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).

Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.

Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.

Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.

• Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• No protocol registration statement was detected.

Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.

About SciScore

SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

SciScore for 10.1101/2021.08.27.21262731: (What is this?)

Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

Table 1: Rigor

Table 2: Resources

No key resources detected.

Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).

The study has several limitations, some of which are related with the electronic registries used and their data quality. The main dataset used to link data was the NHSU, that contains the unique mandatory health number attributed to each individual in Portugal. However, as referred, the NHSU database could have update issues, and occasional register of NHS users, that could artificially increase the number of individuals in a given cohort. Several exclusion criteria were applied to overcome this limitation and the final cohort was comparable to the National Statistics Office estimates for individuals aged 65 and more years (Table S3) [13]. The delay of information on hospital discharge might contribute to underrepresenting this specific outcome and underestimating incidence rates for the more recent observation period. Although we did not find any reason for different delay in discharge information registry between vaccinated and unvaccinated, there is a possibility of a differential bias if vaccinated had a lower hospitalization time when compared to non-vaccinated. Our data do not allow us to estimate the length of hospitalization for each group and mitigate this potential bias. Although we adjusted VE for calendar time, chronic conditions, and other relevant confounders, some residual confounding bias could be present mainly regarding the absence of information on personal protective measures like mask use, hand washing, and social distancing. Finally, we were not able to ...

Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.

Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.

Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.

• Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• No protocol registration statement was detected.

Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.

About SciScore

SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

SciScore for 10.1101/2021.08.27.21262741: (What is this?)

Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

Table 1: Rigor

Table 2: Resources

Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).

Our study had several limitations. Our review was limited to studies with PCR confirmation of infection and re-infection. Multiple other studies, however, using SARS-CoV-2 antibody status as a measure of infection have similar results (Abu-Raddad et al., 2021; Harvey et al., 2021; A Leidi et al., 2021; A. Leidi et al., 2021). Our systematic review utilized some studies published on MedRxiv, a pre-print server. While MedRxiv had been helpful during the COVID-19 pandemic due to the rapid ability to disseminate information to colleagues, studies that were accessed on the site were not peer-reviewed. Furthermore, many of the studies cannot be replicated because they occurred in settings prior to the availability of vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 among people with history of infection. Many of the studies including in our review followed people infected with SARS-CoV-2 earlier in the pandemic when infection was most likely with the original wildtype strain of SARS-CoV-2 before the development of variant strains. Therefore, our findings may differ in the current context of infections with exposure to variants that differ from the original infecting variant. However a recent pre-print from a study conducted in the United Kingdom found among persons infected during a period of nearly exclusive Delta SARS-CoV-2 transmission, those fully vaccinated with BNT162b2 and ChAd0×1 (had similar levels of protection (82% and 67%, respectively) as those with previous infection (73%) (Pouwels; et...

Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.

Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.

Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.

• Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• No protocol registration statement was detected.

Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.

About SciScore

SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

SciScore for 10.1101/2021.08.25.21262417: (What is this?)

Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

Table 1: Rigor

Table 2: Resources

Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).

There are several limitations in our present study. Laboratory markers, including flow cytometry data and viral sampling, were ordered at the discretion of the treating physician and were therefore not uniformly available across patients. Additionally, viral viability was not assessed in patients with persistent COVID-19 PCR positivity. Finally, the management of these patients was heterogeneous and physician dependent with rapidly emerging evidence. Despite this, the high volume of patients with hematologic malignancy and immune-depleting therapies at our institution enabled the identification of this novel syndrome. In summary, the results of this work have significant implications for devising effective preventive and treatment strategies for COVID-infected patients with lymphoid malignancies. The high risk for adverse outcomes with acute COVID-19 in patients with lymphoid cancers is well recognized in multiple previous reports.7,29 We corroborate this finding among our large study cohort. Most importantly, we demonstrate the substantial morbidity and mortality associated with the long-term effects of chronic COVID-19 infection in lymphoma patients unable to attain adequate viral clearance and potentially posing a transmission risk to others. Future studies should elucidate the immunologic defects associated with this clinical phenomenon beyond the recent anti-CD20 treatment risk identified in our report. When taken in conjunction with emerging evidence on suboptimal COVID...

Results from TrialIdentifier: We found the following clinical trial numbers in your paper:<br><table><td style="min-width:95px; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Identifier</td><td style="min-width:95px; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Status</td><td style="min-width:95px; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Title</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:95px; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">NCT04374461</td><td style="min-width:95px; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Active, not recruiting</td><td style="min-width:95px; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">A Study of N-acetylcysteine in Patients With COVID-19 Infect…</td></tr></table>

Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.

Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.

• Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• Thank you for including a protocol registration statement.

Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.

About SciScore

SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

SciScore for 10.1101/2021.08.27.21262737: (What is this?)

Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

Table 1: Rigor

Table 2: Resources

No key resources detected.

Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).

Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.

Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.

Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.

• Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• No protocol registration statement was detected.

Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.

About SciScore

SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

SciScore for 10.1101/2021.08.26.21262708: (What is this?)

Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

Table 1: Rigor

Table 2: Resources

No key resources detected.

Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).

Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.

Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.

Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.

• Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• No protocol registration statement was detected.

Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.

About SciScore

SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

SciScore for 10.1101/2021.08.27.21262660: (What is this?)

Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

Table 1: Rigor

Table 2: Resources

No key resources detected.

Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).

Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.

Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.

Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.

• Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• No protocol registration statement was detected.

Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.

About SciScore

SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

SciScore for 10.1101/2021.08.27.21262700: (What is this?)

Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

Table 1: Rigor

Table 2: Resources

Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).

One limitation of the current study is the fact that all participants filled in the questionnaire online without supervision, though rigorous quality control was implemented. Additionally, the sample size collected in Hubei, the hardest-hit area, is the smallest in this study. The respondents in this area may not represent subjects in the area well in comparison to participants in the other provinces. In conclusion, the COVID-19 outbreak has influenced Chinese children’s and adolescents’ psychological states significantly. More than half of the participants experienced more anxious and depressive symptoms than before, and about one-third of the participants had more sleepless and inattentive symptoms. With respect to their baseline states of mood and anxiety, adolescents were more anxious than younger children, and high school students were more depressive and anxious than middle school and primary school students. Father’s perceived anxiety about the virus had a substantially stronger influence on a child’s psychological symptoms than mother’s anxiety did. Other factors, including age, history of mental disorders, mandatory quarantine status, whether the participant’s mothers worked as a medical staff member, exercise intensity, and whether the child’s parents had been infected with COVID-19, were also found to have significant effects on the child’s psychological symptoms. Stil, when added together, they explained less than 2% of variances in the child’s symptoms once paren...

Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.

Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.

Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.

• Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• No funding statement was detected.
• No protocol registration statement was detected.

Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.

About SciScore

SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

SciScore for 10.1101/2021.08.22.21262161: (What is this?)

Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

Table 1: Rigor

Table 2: Resources

No key resources detected.

Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).

Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.

Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.

Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.

• Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• No protocol registration statement was detected.

Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.

About SciScore

SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

SciScore for 10.1101/2021.08.26.21262523: (What is this?)

Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

Table 1: Rigor

Table 2: Resources

Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).

This study has a few limitations. First, these results are focused on patients treated with corticosteroids and NIV, IMV or ECMO alongside interleukin-6 receptor antagonists, and so may not generalize to less critically ill patients. Second, only five of the included trials have been published in peer-reviewed journals, with the remaining either currently available as pre-print publications or currently unpublished. Third, the direct evidence in each of the three comparisons included in this network meta-analysis came predominantly from a single trial (either RECOVERY, REGENERON-P3 or REMAP-CAP), with these three trials primarily conducted in high income countries. In conclusion, this network meta-analysis of clinical trials of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 receiving ventilation and corticosteroids at randomization, confirms that administration of tocilizumab or sarilumab, compared with usual care or placebo, is associated with similarly lower 28-day all-cause mortality.

Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.

Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.

Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.

• Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• No protocol registration statement was detected.

Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.

About SciScore

SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

SciScore for 10.1101/2021.08.25.21262404: (What is this?)

Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

Table 1: Rigor

Table 2: Resources

Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).

Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.

Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.

Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.

• Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• No protocol registration statement was detected.

Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.

About SciScore

SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

SciScore for 10.1101/2021.08.26.21262693: (What is this?)

Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

Table 1: Rigor

Table 2: Resources

No key resources detected.

Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).

Although we have a more robust dataset than many previous studies, there are several limitations to this study. Our population of interest is different from prior work, thus generalization of these findings may not be appropriate. Applying our population’s findings with a more uniform wealth distribution and different distribution of commodities to a population that looks more like the US may result in inappropriate conclusions and triaging of patients. Also, given the timeframe of when our data was obtained, some hospitals within HCA may have not had as robust of a testing infrastructure, and some patient subtypes may not have been included. Additionally, there are other SDoH and confounding variables that are not included in our data, and our use of insurance status to reflect socioeconomic status is not as well validated as using a patient’s zip code. Finally, our data does not include patients that died outside of the hospital. Certain groups without access to healthcare were likely not included in our population. Not including these patients likely took some extremely sick and low resource patients out of our analysis. Further research may look at the effects on these outcomes after the introduction of vaccines and how that has affected the distribution of outcomes.

Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.

Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.

Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.

• Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• No protocol registration statement was detected.

Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.

About SciScore

SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

SciScore for 10.1101/2021.08.25.21262627: (What is this?)

Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

Table 1: Rigor

Table 2: Resources

Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).

This study is subject to several limitations. First, the cross-sectional design makes it impossible to infer a causal association between suicide attempt and COVID-19. Second, we do not have data on the specific nature and severity of suicide attempts. Third, the sample was predominantly male which limits the generalizability of our results. Fourth, we were unable to adjust for psychotropic medications, especially clozapine which has been associated with increased likelihood of testing positive for COVID-19.27 Finally, we did not have information on illness severity and so did not adjust for it. Related to the last limitation is our inability to control for inpatient vs. outpatient status since inpatients are more likely to get tested for COVID. In summary, our findings provide preliminary evidence of an association between history of suicide attempt and COVID-19 in a subgroup of patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and therefore support the expansion of strategies to ensure vaccination of patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, especially given the fact that patients with schizophrenia are under vaccinated against COVID-19.28 Future well-powered, prospective studies are needed to confirm our observed association between history of suicidal behavior and COVID-19 in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and also to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of the association.

Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.

Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.

Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.

• Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• No protocol registration statement was detected.

Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.

About SciScore

SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

SciScore for 10.1101/2021.08.26.21262219: (What is this?)

Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

Table 1: Rigor

Table 2: Resources

Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).

Results from TrialIdentifier: We found the following clinical trial numbers in your paper:<br><table><td style="min-width:95px; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Identifier</td><td style="min-width:95px; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Status</td><td style="min-width:95px; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Title</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:95px; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">NCT04433910</td><td style="min-width:95px; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Completed</td><td style="min-width:95px; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">A Clinical Trial of Convalescent Plasma Compared to Best Sup…</td></tr></table>

Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.

Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.

• Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• No protocol registration statement was detected.

Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.

About SciScore

SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

SciScore for 10.1101/2021.08.26.21262694: (What is this?)

Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

Table 1: Rigor

Table 2: Resources

Results from OddPub: Thank you for sharing your data.

There are three main limitations to our work. First, we focused on peer-reviewed COVID-19 ABMs that we could run to obtain data and for which we could verify our use of the model vis-a-vis published results. As shown in previous calls for transparency in COVID-19 modeling, modelers do not systematically provide their code [101]. In a transparency assessment, Jalali and colleagues found that most models do not share their code [102], which echoes similar observations about practices in Agent-Based Modeling across application domains [103, 104]. Our criteria thus meant that we could only assess a subset of existing models and it is possibly that different trends or initial error levels are observed in other models. Second, several key parameters and assumptions regarding COVID-19 continue to change. For example, a study on almost 100,000 volunteers in July 2021 found a vaccine effectiveness of 49%, which is less than the lowest value assumed in some of the previous modeling studies [12, 105]. Other studies have shown that vaccinated individuals have a comparable viral load to unvaccinated ones within the first few days [106, 107], whereas the flow diagrams used in many models have considered that vaccinated individuals were fully removed from the population. Our conclusions are limited to COVID-19 ABMs developed so far, since future models may exhibit markedly different dynamics. In particular, bifurcation may be present in future models, which would require an analysis of mode...

Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.

Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.

Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.

• Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• No funding statement was detected.
• No protocol registration statement was detected.

Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.

About SciScore

SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

SciScore for 10.1101/2021.08.26.21262668: (What is this?)

Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

Table 1: Rigor

Table 2: Resources

No key resources detected.

Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).

The major limitation of the present study is its retrospective nature. Some parameters were missing in the collected data. We have excluded those parameters from our study analysis. We retrospectively obtained pulse oximetry and breathlessness data that is subject to bias. Our findings, however, may be useful for understanding more about silent hypoxia.

Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.

Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.

Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.

• Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• No protocol registration statement was detected.

Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.

About SciScore

SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

SciScore for 10.1101/2021.08.25.21262614: (What is this?)

Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

Table 1: Rigor

Table 2: Resources

No key resources detected.

Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).

Given limitations in testing, surveillance systems and death reporting, excess mortality estimates are less reliable than for HICs. Nevertheless, it may also be the case that LMICs face additional challenges which are more important predictors of excess deaths than democratic governance, such as limited access to affordable healthcare [32], vulnerability due to high rates of undiagnosed and poorly controlled chronic conditions [33], and vast numbers pushed into poverty due to the pandemic [34]. With large informal sectors and many relying on daily wages, COVID-19 restrictions were also less extensive in many LMICs compared to HICs. Even severe restrictions appeared to have less of a dramatic impact on population mobility compared to HICs [35]. This means the impact of restrictions on individual behaviours and healthcare attendance may not have been as severely affected, making democratic governance less relevant in this context. Other factors explaining excess mortality: Older people and those with co-morbidities are at a greater risk of severe disease, ICU admission and death from COVID-19 [2,3]. We found that although the proportion of the population aged ≥65 was not significantly associated with increased excess mortality, the proportion who were female was, in both the overall and high-income country models. Given systematic differences between men and women in life expectancy, it is likely that the proportion of the population who were female acted as a proxy for very ol...

Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.

Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.

Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.

• Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• No protocol registration statement was detected.

Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.

About SciScore

SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

SciScore for 10.1101/2021.08.23.21262499: (What is this?)

Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

Table 1: Rigor

Table 2: Resources

No key resources detected.

Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).

Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.

Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.

Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.

• Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• No protocol registration statement was detected.

Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.

About SciScore

SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

SciScore for 10.1101/2021.08.25.21262645: (What is this?)

Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

Table 1: Rigor

Table 2: Resources

Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).

Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.

Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.

Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.

• Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• No protocol registration statement was detected.

Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.

About SciScore

SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

SciScore for 10.1101/2021.08.27.21262687: (What is this?)

Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

Table 1: Rigor

Table 2: Resources

Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).

Our study has some limitations. First, while we identified multiple associations between early immune measures and the outcome of COVID-19 patients, we did not establish causal relationships between them. Future studies are needed to perturb key immune pathways in the early immune response and test their effect on the patient outcomes. Second, our study measured the immune response during the first 2 weeks of symptom onset in COVID-19 patients. Earlier immune responses between the initial infection and symptom onset have not been characterized. This is due to the difficulty to detect pre-symptomatic COVID-19 infection. Routine SARS-COV-2 monitoring in a select cohort will be required to acquire samples prior to and immediately after the infection in order to assess whether pre-infection signatures predict outcomes in COVID-19 patients. Third, our analysis focused on individual plasma proteins (based on olink data) and immune related Gene Ontology pathways (based on RNA-seq data). We used the Gene Ontology-based pathways to provide a high-level overview of the immune response in COVID-19 patients. Caution should be taken when interpreting the Gene Ontology pathways results, as the pathways are manually curated gene lists from literature and subject to publication bias, curation errors and over-simplification of biological processes. We encourage others to investigate the immune response of individual genes of interest using our shared RNA-seq data. Finally, we have created mac...

Results from TrialIdentifier: We found the following clinical trial numbers in your paper:<br><table><td style="min-width:95px; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Identifier</td><td style="min-width:95px; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Status</td><td style="min-width:95px; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Title</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:95px; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">NCT04331899</td><td style="min-width:95px; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Completed</td><td style="min-width:95px; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Single-Blind Study of a Single Dose of Peginterferon Lambda-…</td></tr></table>

Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.

Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.

• Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• Thank you for including a protocol registration statement.

Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.

About SciScore

SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

SciScore for 10.1101/2021.08.26.21262649: (What is this?)

Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

Table 1: Rigor

Table 2: Resources

No key resources detected.

Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).

Strengths and limitations: Our initial study only provided a limited list of testing barriers proposed by the NSW Department of Health, but this sample was not representative and did not cover a large number of “other” responses. We addressed this in our second study with a nationally representative sample and a full list of barriers. However, even the second study was not representative of all community groups, particularly those from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds which has been identified as a key area of need in Australia. We are currently conducting a separate survey with these groups using interpreters to conduct the survey in preferred languages, as a partnership with Western Sydney Local health District. The findings may not be generalisable to other countries, particularly where COVID-19 prevalence is too high for a test and trace approach to be feasible, and where opportunity issues such as cost or physical access to testing is a problem. However, understanding COVID-19 testing barriers can help all countries better prepare for the next pandemic where a test-trace-isolate system can be used.

Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.

Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.

Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.

• Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• No protocol registration statement was detected.

Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.

About SciScore

SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

SciScore for 10.1101/2021.08.25.21262529: (What is this?)

Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

Table 1: Rigor

Table 2: Resources

Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).

This systematic review acknowledged several limitations. Undeniably, the expected heterogeneity stemmed from the observational design of the included studies. Unless a randomized process, it is unlikely to be reduced in any circumstances. Moreover, several studies lacked of data on population characteristics. For instance, the meta-analysis predominantly included Caucasian populations whereas vaccines may have different effectiveness across individuals from different ethnicities. Moreover, five studies did not declare to test systematically the vaccinated cohort during the follow-up. The absence of active laboratory surveillance within vaccinated individuals might have resulted in an underestimation of asymptomatic cases. However, we did not consider a different rate of testing as a bias of concern in terms of RR estimate, because both vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals underwent the same case investigation and contact tracing protocol. Moreover, when systematic testing was not performed, asymptomatic testing was available to different extent: workplace exposures (HCWs), out-of-state travellers or per-request.[37] In general, SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing was highly accessible and free of charge.[11, 50] However, asymptomatic cases which progressed into symptomatic disease could act as source of bias in both vaccinated and unvaccinated groups.[37, 43] Finally, public health mitigation measures might contribute to the underestimation of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine effectiveness. Unfortun...

Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.

Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.

Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.

• Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• No protocol registration statement was detected.

Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.

About SciScore

SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

SciScore for 10.1101/2021.08.25.21262636: (What is this?)

Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

Table 1: Rigor

Table 2: Resources

No key resources detected.

Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).

Limitations: Deaths included in this analysis were available from the National Center for Health Statistics through August 3, 2021. It is possible that delays in registration will result in additional deaths being reported for 2020. Such delays are especially likely for external causes of death for which certification often involves multiple authorities. At the time of this writing, available data do not allow detailed external causes of death to be disaggregated simultaneously by age and racial/ethnic group. As noted above in our sensitivity analysis, alternative methods of estimating what mortality would have been in 2020 in the absence of the Covid-19 pandemic would produce different estimates of the effect of the pandemic on mortality. In addition to the choice of modeling strategy, estimates may also be affected by the length of the time horizon used and the granularity of the time unit on the death series (Nepomuceno et al., 2021). In the present study, results were not sensitive to the use of a linear modeling approach based on an extended time series, which may at least partially reflect our use of age standardization to account for changes in the population age structure. Uncertainties are likely greatest for external causes of death because deaths from drug overdose were already increasing rapidly in 2019 so that some of the growth in this category in 2020 may be a result of preexisting trends (Glei, 2021). Our study, based on data released by the National Center fo...

Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.

Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.

Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.

• Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• No protocol registration statement was detected.

Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.

About SciScore

SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

SciScore for 10.1101/2021.08.25.21262586: (What is this?)

Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

Table 1: Rigor

Table 2: Resources

Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).

Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.

Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.

Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.

• Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• No protocol registration statement was detected.

Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.

About SciScore

SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

SciScore for 10.1101/2021.08.27.21261857: (What is this?)

Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

Table 1: Rigor

Table 2: Resources

No key resources detected.

Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).

A limitation of our analysis is that it is largely based on Alpha variant infections and additional research is needed to determine whether other VOC exert similar risk.[3,6,7] In particular, given emerging evidence that the Delta variant replicates faster and Delta-infected individuals have much higher viral loads (over 1,200 fold in a recent preprint)[8], there is an urgent need to define the phenotype of Delta variant disease. As with other studies comparing VOC and non-VOC infections, our sampling frame may result in overestimates of absolute risks since minimally symptomatic patients are less likely to be tested. However, we examined all positive community cases, which is less biased than studying only hospitalized cases (which prior studies have done) and sample positivity rates were similar in all 3 waves (approximately 5%). Unfortunately, the duration of the pre-symptomatic stage (and the frequency of asymptomatic cases) with different SARS-CoV-2 clades are not yet described and cannot be assessed using our dataset. Finally, although we do not have data on vaccination status in our dataset, initial vaccine roll-out in Canada in January and February 2021 focused on long term care residents, the very elderly, indigenous adults, and front line health care workers only and it was not until mid-March that vaccination eligibility criteria expanded to include other groups in both provinces.[9,10] While genomic monitoring for the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 VOCs is crucial,[11] w...

Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.

Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.

Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.

• Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• No protocol registration statement was detected.

Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.

About SciScore

SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

SciScore for 10.1101/2021.08.26.21262697: (What is this?)

Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

Table 1: Rigor

Table 2: Resources

No key resources detected.

Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).

Our analysis had several limitations. We relied on administrative data to identify patient characteristics and co-morbidities; this may have led to some level of misclassification. Similarly, for the same reason, it is not possible to evaluate clinical severity of the event leading to hospital admission. Further, we did not have information on socioeconomic status, race/ethnicity, and obesity. Also, given that the evaluation of the COVID-19 status depends on the BC diagnostic testing guidelines (varying over time to focus on symptom-based assessment since April 21st, 2020),29 selective ascertainment of symptomatic cases is expected, resulting in exclusion of asymptomatic cases.30 In conclusion, older age, male sex, pregnancy, and various comorbidities and health-conditions including substance use were associated with higher risk of hospital admission in this population-based analysis. These findings have informed the COVID-19 vaccination program rollout in BC and will be useful for informing the prioritization of vaccination in other jurisdictions to prevent infection and severe outcomes.13 In addition, these findings will also inform monitoring of individual patients by their healthcare providers at higher risk of severe outcomes. Finally there is a need for further characterizing syndemics of substance use, mental illness and COVID-19.

Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.

Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.

Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.

• Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• No protocol registration statement was detected.

Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.

About SciScore

SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

SciScore for 10.1101/2021.08.26.21261149: (What is this?)

Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

Table 1: Rigor

Table 2: Resources

No key resources detected.

Results from OddPub: Thank you for sharing your data.

Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.

Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.

Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.

• Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• No protocol registration statement was detected.

Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.

About SciScore

SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

SciScore for 10.1101/2021.08.28.21262733: (What is this?)

Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

Table 1: Rigor

Table 2: Resources

No key resources detected.

Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).

This study has several limitations. The actual number of infected HCW might be less due to underreporting of symptoms like a high proportion of patients with COVID-19 remained asymptomatic. The findings of our data related to vaccines should be interpreted with caution as those observations were made for only a short duration. Analysis of large-scale clinical data for a long duration with a randomized double-blind placebo control strategy will better reflect the real-world impacts of COVID-19 vaccines among HCWs.

Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.

Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.

Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.

• Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• No protocol registration statement was detected.

Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.

About SciScore

SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

SciScore for 10.1101/2021.08.23.21262500: (What is this?)

Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

Table 1: Rigor

Table 2: Resources

Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).

There are several barriers and limitations in this study. First, literature about the VE against Covid-19 are rapidly evolving and growing exponentially. In this review, 15 of 39 included studies are preprint articles up to June 30, 2021. While we were processing the review and extracting the data in July, five studies have been accepted with their data changed in online version 19, 31, 34, 37, 45, 51–53, 60 so that we need to constantly update the data accordingly before submission. Second, these included studies were disproportionately from countries in Europe, North America, and Israel, and were mostly focused on BNT162b2, because these countries have higher priority and access to a large amount of Covid-19 vaccines than most countries in other regions in the first half of 2021.6 In addition, shorter dosing intervals and larger vaccine supply in these nations also make the data of VE associated with BNT162b2 much more comprehensive than other vaccines. Longer dosing intervals made the full vaccination reports of ChAdOx1 much fewer in number than those on mRNA vaccines among the included articles over the past months. Furthermore, the VE assessment reports on CoronaVac and Ad26.COV2.S are also too few to draw conclusions. Third, the heterogeneity across studies in dosing interval, timing of outcome measurement, or different target population between vaccine types due to supply chain issues make meta-analyses difficult at present. Fourth, the VE estimates of all the studies ...

Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.

Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.

Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.

• Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• No protocol registration statement was detected.

Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.

About SciScore

SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

SciScore for 10.1101/2021.08.25.21254738: (What is this?)

Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

Table 1: Rigor

Table 2: Resources

No key resources detected.

Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).

Limitations: We did identify some limitations in the use of the web-based symptom checker. In the early months of the pandemic, there was limited understanding of COVID-19 regarding typical symptomatology and progression of the disease. As a result, symptoms and score weights were chosen and revised as COVID-19 guidelines were updated. In the setting of the application, the model may be a useful revision to the current expert-designed scoring system; however, clinical assessment may at times differ from the model’s prediction, as the model’s prediction may not align with any particular sailor’s symptoms in a clinical setting. Although the rates of hospitalization amongst the TR sailors (∼2%) are lower than that of the US population, the TR population’s demographics do not reflect the general population. The majority of the TR sailors were young, healthy, 18 to 25-year-olds without comorbidities. Additionally, the progression of symptoms through the full course of the disease was not able to be accurately described, due to the aggregate effect of loss to follow up, delayed onset of reporting, and lack of continued compliance with the application due to poor wireless connectivity once positive sailors were transported to isolation on NBG.

Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.

Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.

Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.

• Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• No protocol registration statement was detected.

Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.

About SciScore

SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

SciScore for 10.1101/2021.08.26.21262661: (What is this?)

Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

Table 1: Rigor

Table 2: Resources

Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).

There are some limitations to our study; because this is the experience in one, albeit large, integrated healthcare system in Western Pennsylvania, the generalizability of our findings may be questioned. However, the fact that we saw similar findings across our different sites suggests that our findings are applicable across academic, community, and rural hospitals. In addition, we cannot determine the extent to which the therapeutic interventions implemented uniformly by the UPMC COVID-19 Therapeutics Committee contributed to lower adjusted mortality over time, as opposed to other less well documented clinical practices that may have been implemented over time (i.e., mechanical ventilation). The LHS description and results presented herein are not meant to be content- or institution-specific, but rather to illustrate some of the processes that can be used to support the NAM imperative for clinical decisions that are supported by accurate, timely, and up-to-date clinical information that reflects the best available evidence.22 On a broader level, we support the stated advocacy for a learning health network that promotes collaboration among health systems, community-based organizations, and government agencies, especially during public health emergencies.4

Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.

Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.

Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.

• Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• Thank you for including a protocol registration statement.

Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.

About SciScore

SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

SciScore for 10.1101/2021.08.26.457884: (What is this?)

Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

Table 1: Rigor

Table 2: Resources

Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).

Results from TrialIdentifier: We found the following clinical trial numbers in your paper:<br><table><td style="min-width:95px; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Identifier</td><td style="min-width:95px; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Status</td><td style="min-width:95px; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Title</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:95px; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">NCT04468971</td><td style="min-width:95px; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Active, not recruiting</td><td style="min-width:95px; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">REgulatory T Cell infuSion fOr Lung Injury Due to COVID-19 P…</td></tr></table>

Results from Barzooka: We found bar graphs of continuous data. We recommend replacing bar graphs with more informative graphics, as many different datasets can lead to the same bar graph. The actual data may suggest different conclusions from the summary statistics. For more information, please see Weissgerber et al (2015).

Results from JetFighter: Please consider improving the rainbow (“jet”) colormap(s) used on page 57. At least one figure is not accessible to readers with colorblindness and/or is not true to the data, i.e. not perceptually uniform.

• Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• No protocol registration statement was detected.

Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.

About SciScore

SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

SciScore for 10.1101/2021.08.26.457874: (What is this?)

Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

Table 1: Rigor

Table 2: Resources

Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).

Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.

Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.

Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.

• Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• No protocol registration statement was detected.

Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.

About SciScore

SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

SciScore for 10.1101/2021.08.25.21262584: (What is this?)

Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

Table 1: Rigor

Table 2: Resources

Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).

This study has limitations. Data on co-morbid conditions were not available; therefore, they could not be explicitly factored into our analysis. However, adjusting for age may have served as a proxy given that co-morbidities are associated with older age. With the young population of Qatar,11, 12 only a small proportion of the study population may have had serious co-morbid conditions. Our findings may not be generalizable to other countries where the elderly constitute a sizable proportion of the total population. Effectiveness was assessed using an observational, test-negative, case-control study design,14, 15 rather than a randomized, clinical trial design, in which cohorts of vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals were followed up. We have been unable to use a cohort study design due to depletion of the unvaccinated cohorts with the high vaccine coverage. However, the cohort study design applied earlier to the same population of Qatar, yielded similar findings to the test-negative case-control design,2, 4 supporting the validity of this standard approach in assessing vaccine effectiveness for respiratory tract infections.2, 4, 14–18 The results of this study are also consistent with our earlier effectiveness estimates immediately after the first and second doses,2, 29 noting that the earlier estimates were against (mostly) symptomatic infections with low PCR cycle threshold values, while the present study estimates are against (mostly) asymptomatic infections of both hig...

Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.

Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.

Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.

• Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• No protocol registration statement was detected.

Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.

About SciScore

SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

SciScore for 10.1101/2021.08.24.21262524: (What is this?)

Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

Table 1: Rigor

Table 2: Resources

No key resources detected.

Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).

Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.

Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.

Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.

• Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• No protocol registration statement was detected.

Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.

About SciScore

SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

SciScore for 10.1101/2021.08.14.21262064: (What is this?)

Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

Table 1: Rigor

Table 2: Resources

No key resources detected.

Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).

Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.

Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.

Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.

• Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• No protocol registration statement was detected.

Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.

About SciScore

SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

SciScore for 10.1101/2021.08.21.21262401: (What is this?)

Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

Table 1: Rigor

Table 2: Resources

Results from OddPub: Thank you for sharing your code and data.

Strengths and limitations: Our study is one of the most comprehensive studies describing the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic in Africa, where it is less studied. Using the 5 response variables and 13 predictors we analyzed, we believe that we managed to get a thorough understanding of the burden, severity, spatial trends, and the evolution of the pandemic in the WHO African region. The other strength of our study is the robustness of our estimates. The analysis conducted with countries having at least 10 deaths confirmed the roles of tourism, age distribution, and GDP on the attack rates and CFR. It also established that nations with strict governmental policies had a late onset of the COVID-19 outbreak and those having a high attack rate in neighbouring countries managed to reduce the speed at which the first 50 infections occur in them. However, there exists heterogeneity across the countries in this continent, which limits our ability to extract general conclusions. One important limitation of this study is the lack of standardization in testing policies (Velasquez et al., 2021) and notification of cases between countries. Additionally, the availability of individual patient data corresponding to each predictor variable, where possible, is useful in obtaining a clearer insight of the pandemic situation. However, such studies are limited in the context of Africa and have addressed the impacts of a few individual-level factors only (Dalal et al., 2021). Similar to other regi...

Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.

Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.

Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.

• Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• No protocol registration statement was detected.

Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.

About SciScore

SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

SciScore for 10.1101/2021.08.22.21262263: (What is this?)

Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

Table 1: Rigor

Table 2: Resources

Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).

Limitations include difference in gender ratio between IBD and HC groups at baseline, the relatively young age of participants (although this reflects typical IBD populations) and the use of only one vaccine type. Evaluation of vaccine efficacy is limited, as infection rate in Israel during the study period was low. Finally, observation was limited to 4 weeks after the second vaccine. To conclude, our study provides prospective, controlled evidence for the efficacy and safety of the COVID-19 BNT162b2 vaccine in patients with IBD stratified according to therapy. We demonstrate the dynamics of development of functional immune response and the factors causing impairment, specifically anti-TNFα therapy and older age. The lack of correlation with timing of anti-TNFα therapy or drug levels, enables important clinical guidance to patients and their caregivers. As immune response longevity in this group may be limited, vaccine booster dose should be considered. Long(er) term outcomes and the mechanism of decreased immune responses should be evaluated.

Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.

Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.

Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.

• Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• No protocol registration statement was detected.

Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.

About SciScore

SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

SciScore for 10.1101/2021.08.26.457577: (What is this?)

Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

Table 1: Rigor

Table 2: Resources

No key resources detected.

Results from OddPub: Thank you for sharing your code.

Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.

Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.

Results from JetFighter: Please consider improving the rainbow (“jet”) colormap(s) used on pages 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13 and 16. At least one figure is not accessible to readers with colorblindness and/or is not true to the data, i.e. not perceptually uniform.

• Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• No protocol registration statement was detected.

Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.

About SciScore

SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

SciScore for 10.1101/2021.08.26.21262655: (What is this?)

Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

Table 1: Rigor

Table 2: Resources

No key resources detected.

Results from OddPub: Thank you for sharing your code and data.

Further, due limitations in question phrasing (i.e., ‘White-British, Irish, other’), we were unable to examine associations between study variables and vaccine refusal in White subgroups, some of whom have also had lower COVID-19 vaccine uptake.1 The most common ethnic group in those who had refused the vaccine was the ‘other ethnic group’. Similarly, nearly one in ten (7.4%) in the total sample said they had experienced some ‘other’ form of discrimination related to their race or ethnicity. We also did not collect data on the frequency or severity of each type of racial/ethnic discrimination experience. Future research should therefore provide participants with opportunities to write in their identified ethnic group and specify other types of racial discrimination experienced. Additionally, future studies should collect information on how often experiences of racial/ethnic discrimination occur. The adverse effects of racial/ethnic discrimination on health and health outcomes in marginalised ethnic groups are well-established in the literature.7 Structural racism in particular ethnic residential segregation, which is increasing in the UK and Europe,33,34 create conditions that amplify mistrust in government and the health system.7,33 Our study builds upon recent reports that racial discrimination increases covid-19 vaccine hesitancy10 by demonstrating that a nearly four-fold effect of racial discrimination on vaccine refusal is mediated by low trust in the health system. Thes...

Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.

Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.

Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.

• Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• No protocol registration statement was detected.

Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.

About SciScore

SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

SciScore for 10.1101/2021.08.25.457644: (What is this?)

Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

Table 1: Rigor

Table 2: Resources

Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).

A significant limitation for the use of viral vector-based vaccines is the development of anti-vector immunity, which restricts the number of possible booster vaccinations. With OMV based vaccines we assume this is less of an issue, as they are non-replicating and do not depend on a specific host receptor for cellular entry. In addition, major antigens can be removed by gene deletion, as we did with the immunodominant PorA outer membrane protein in our vaccine strain, thus limiting the response against neisserial antigens. OMV-spike vaccination might thus also find an application as a heterologous boost after primary vaccination with viral vector-based vaccines. Overall, here we show that OMV-mC-Spike is safe and effective in both mice and hamsters. In these animal models, intranasal vaccination with OMV-mC-Spike is superior to intramuscular vaccination, since the amount of IgG induced is higher and in addition a strong mucosal response is induced. Our study demonstrates how adding an mCRAMP tag to the Spike protein and combining it with meningococcal OMVs improves its immunogenicity, thus warranting further development of this vaccine concept towards clinical trials in humans.

Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.

Results from Barzooka: We found bar graphs of continuous data. We recommend replacing bar graphs with more informative graphics, as many different datasets can lead to the same bar graph. The actual data may suggest different conclusions from the summary statistics. For more information, please see Weissgerber et al (2015).

Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.

• Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• No protocol registration statement was detected.

Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.

About SciScore

SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

SciScore for 10.1101/2021.08.26.457782: (What is this?)

Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

Table 1: Rigor

Table 2: Resources

No key resources detected.

Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).

Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.

Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.

Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.

• Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• No funding statement was detected.
• No protocol registration statement was detected.

Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.

About SciScore

SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

SciScore for 10.1101/2021.08.24.457397: (What is this?)

Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

Table 1: Rigor

Table 2: Resources

Results from OddPub: Thank you for sharing your data.

Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.

Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.

Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.

• Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• No protocol registration statement was detected.

Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.

About SciScore

SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

SciScore for 10.1101/2021.08.24.21262385: (What is this?)

Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

Table 1: Rigor

Table 2: Resources

Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).

However, this also represents a limitation of our work that demand future investigations. Although we have previously assessed how these autoantibodies act in the context of systemic autoimmune diseases13,41,52,68–72, mechanistic investigations are missing to characterize how all these autoantibodies can simultaneously affect (i.e., stimulating or blocking) their targets in the context of COVID-19. For instance, future evaluation will be necessary to determine if they have synergistic effects in the presence of endogenous ligands as maybe the case with anti-CXCR3 autoantibodies and CXCL9/CXCL10/CXCL11. Since GPCRs comprise the largest superfamily of integral membrane proteins in humans14, it is also possibly that several additional anti-GPCR autoantibodies remain to be discovered. Likewise, several SARS-CoV-2 strains have been identified73 and it will be important to investigate whether they induce different autoantibody patterns that may contribute to disease outcomes. Of note, autoantibodies are present in healthy individuals and immunization with GPCR-overexpressing membranes can induce the production of autoantibodies targeting GPCRs41. Thus, another important issue to be addressed is whether the recently developed vaccines against COVID-1974 could induce the production of anti-GPCR autoantibodies. In conclusion, this study identifies new autoantibodies which are dysregulated by SARS-CoV-2. Our data also indicates that anti-GPCR antibodies represent potential new clinical...

Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.

Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.

Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.

• Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• No protocol registration statement was detected.

Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.

About SciScore

SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

SciScore for 10.1101/2021.08.23.21256078: (What is this?)

Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

Table 1: Rigor

Table 2: Resources

Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).

Limitations of the current study include a small sample size for the neuroimaging subsample and the fact that participants’ prior psychiatric diagnoses and current psychotropics were not considered in the analyses. Future analyses with this cohort will include an expanded neuroimaging sample and consideration of these measures. An additional limitation is the variable timeframe in which the first visit occurred after diagnosis due to the challenges of initiating a study during the pandemic. Additionally, the neuroimaging data was collected after the symptom and cognition data. Finally, while we have compared the sample to normative samples collected prior to the pandemic, we do not have data on these individuals prior to developing COVID-19, so we cannot be certain that the deficits we observe were not present prior to contracting SARS-CoV-2.

Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.

Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.

Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.

• Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• No protocol registration statement was detected.

Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.

About SciScore

SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

SciScore for 10.1101/2021.08.25.21262632: (What is this?)

Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

Table 1: Rigor

Table 2: Resources

Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).

Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.

Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.

Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.

• Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• No protocol registration statement was detected.

Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.

About SciScore

SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

SciScore for 10.1101/2021.08.23.21262454: (What is this?)

Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

Table 1: Rigor

Table 2: Resources

Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).

There are several limitations in this study that should be mentioned. First, the current research was performed at a PCR center in Japan. The influence of LODs of the GENECUBE® evaluation for genetic variants of SARS-CoV-2 was not evaluated in this study. Second, the current evaluated rapid protocol showed excellent performance for the detection of SARS-CoV-2; however, the sample size was insufficient to conclude that the protocol can be used in clinical practice; additional evaluation in studies with large samples is required. Third, the current GENECUBE® examination can analyze only 12 samples at a single run, and the amplification curve is not displayed. The system must be improved for better examination. In conclusion, the GENECUBE® examination with GENECUBE® HQ SARS-CoV-2 provided high analytical performance for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in anterior nasal samples and saliva samples.

Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.

Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.

Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.

• Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• Thank you for including a protocol registration statement.

Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.

About SciScore

SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

SciScore for 10.1101/2021.08.24.21262336: (What is this?)

Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

Table 1: Rigor

Table 2: Resources

Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).

A limitation of our study is around the demographics of the healthy control subjects compared to the patient cohort, the latter of whom are older, have more comorbidities and are receiving medications that may impact on neutrophil function (including dexamethasone). However, studying patients at approximately three months post-hospitalisation means participants serve as appropriate age- and comorbidity-matched controls and allow up to understand differences in neutrophil function at the acute stage of the disease. Vaccination weakens the link between infection and critical illness, but vaccine breakthroughs are seen, particularly in the case of viral variants which will continue to emerge (28). It is therefore critical that we develop alternative and complementary strategies to prevent severe COVID-19, and the innate immune response is an ideal target for this. Since NETs are known drivers of pathology in a number of diseases including but not limited to COVID-19, targeting NETosis is a logical therapeutic strategy for the future. A growing number of studies describe increased levels of NETosis in COVID-19 as well as the deleterious role of NETs in driving inflammation, thrombosis and disease severity, but few have offered a solution. Our study indicates that ruboxistaurin could reduce NET formation and ultimately diminish airway inflammation and other events including microvascular thrombosis, and is a novel and promising therapeutic strategy for COVID-19 (6, 8). Furthermore...

Results from TrialIdentifier: We found the following clinical trial numbers in your paper:<br><table><td style="min-width:95px; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Identifier</td><td style="min-width:95px; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Status</td><td style="min-width:95px; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Title</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:95px; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">NCT04817332</td><td style="min-width:95px; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Completed</td><td style="min-width:95px; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">STOP-COVID19: Superiority Trial Of Protease Inhibition in CO…</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:95px; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">NCT04359654</td><td style="min-width:95px; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Recruiting</td><td style="min-width:95px; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Nebulised Dornase Alfa for Treatment of COVID-19</td></tr></table>

Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.

Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.

• Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• No protocol registration statement was detected.

Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.

About SciScore

SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

SciScore for 10.1101/2021.08.24.21262535: (What is this?)

Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

Table 1: Rigor

Table 2: Resources

Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).

This study has some limitations, including a limited sample size and a lack of time to follow up on patient changes. These factors may have played a role in the lack of a significant association of some of our findings, however they do not change the absence of any correlation between specific clinical severe symptoms and cytokine levels.

Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.

Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.

Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.

• Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
• No protocol registration statement was detected.

Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.

About SciScore

SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.