Used molecular surveillance

Sample: 64 bats obtained from animal markets in Central Java Safety: enhanced Biosafety Level 2+ conditions Specimens: Rectal swabs using BD Universal Viral Transport System RNA extraction: Uneasy Mini Kit Detection: Reverse Transcription PCR targeting N gene Amplification: Heminested PCR Sequencing: Sanger Analysis: MEGA 11 software

Data:

2/64 bats tested positive confirmed and submitted to GenBank

2 Genotypes/strains:

1) Malaysia - Malaysia, Singapore, Philippines - Livestock hosts - animal to human transmission - low mortality rate

2) Bangladesh - Bangladesh and India - Direct bat to human - Human to human (more common) - Higher Mortality

Used molecular surveillance

Sample: 64 bats obtained from animal markets in Central Java Safety: enhanced Biosafety Level 2+ conditions Specimens: Rectal swabs using BD Universal Viral Transport System RNA extraction: Uneasy Mini Kit Detection: Reverse Transcription PCR targeting N gene

Data: - 2/64 bats tested positive - confirmed and submitted to GenBank

This spot and above notes

Natural hosts: Pteropus fruit bats - carry without symptoms - in saliva, urine, semen, and feces - Southeast Asia

Intermediate hosts: - Pigs (malaysia and singapore) - Horses (philippines)

Human infection: - bat to human directly - human to human - intermediate livestock

Gemone: 18.2 kb (-)RNA Structural proteins: N, P, M, F, G, and L Nonstructural: C, V, and W

just a description of what the virus is and why it spreads.