no statistical diffference in glycogen between groups ruling out that as a mechanism

helps oxidative metabolism and defers fermentation.

assists in endurance

it is comparing biochemical markers such as glucose, glycogen and lactate before and after exercise in both groups. Whats interesting in the amount of glucose is roughly constant before and after exercise, but the treated group has almost double the amount. As for glycogen, the two groups seemed to decrease roughly in the same manner although the treated group had a little bit more both before and after. as for lactate. What is interesting is the treatment group saw a reduction in lactate after exercise while the control group gained lactate.

the amount of time it took until the treatment group and control group of rats reached exhaustion. From day 5 and on, the treatment group clearly outperforms the control. Where as the treatment group improved their time every single day, the control group peaked on the 6th day, began decreasing/ plateauing, and then broke their day 6 record by a hair on the 10th day.

1 issue with this is complete true physical exhaustion when muslces truly have no more to give. or when the rat mentally gives up

bruh thats awesome

what will happen to exercise performance when organisms are treated with CMP and UMP

lactic acid builds up in intense anaerobic exercises due to fermentation

fatigue possible caused by loss of allocated glycogen and glucose.

explanation for results

hypothesis

ways of measuring their hypothesis

nucleotides administered to patients as a drug in order to provide pain relief, fixing cognitive function and may have an effect on exercise

i dont entirely understand the complexity of muscle transmission, but it would be interesting if small amounts of this could be used to jolt muscles awake in someone who is unresponsive or dysfunctional? Also, there is always the idea that microdosing could be used to make one immune to the venom.

potential mechanism is that it blocks the potassium ion channels which allows for calcium channels to be open for longer causing more AcH to be released.

so not what i was thinking

works by overloading the twitch, then proceeding to block function

similar to the previous chart, a higher dose of venom (3 ug/ml) resulted in a greater twitch peak than the group below it (1 ug/ml) going against the trend. This time, its with the hemidiaphragram on indirect stimulation. A different muscle, but same form of stimulation resulting in the same trend which further confirms this find.

figures a, b, and d all show consistently reduced twitch and overall response with higher amounts of venom. What is interesting is in chart a, the peak twitch height for 1 ug/ml of venom exceeded that of 0.3 ug/ml which goes against the trend.

hypothesis: the effects are caused by modifications to the K or Na ion channels

opposite of what i proposed, shutting down all muscles could be equally as bad, especially considering msucles in lungs, heart, and other vital organs

likely somehow enhances or inhibts ion channels in such a way that promotes release of Ach

i recall reading about neurotoxins that work by inhibting acetycholinesterase thus causing non stop firing of acetycholine and thus uncontrollable muscle movements resulting in convulsions and death

colder temperatures affect the original site of stimulation more than the ones are stimulated by "domino effect"

confirming previous studies that reduce neurotransmitters are released in lower temps

lowering the temperature caused the twitch to last longer and take more time to reach its max.

enzyme losing activity with lower temperatures

stimulation rate is a measure of how frequently an action potential occurs. and the other axis is a measurement of force? The first graph is a measurement of tetanic activity and the second one is reffered to as a volley. There seems to be an inverse effect of stimulation rate on the two. raising the stimulation rate seems to increase the y for the top graph and reduce in the 2nd graph. Also these values are higher for higher temperatures

slight shift with 37-27 but may not pass test, but distinct shift from 27-17

how quickly acetylcholine is receycled

wow

how does colder temperatures affect muscle activity. Or more specifically, how does it affect isometric and tetanic movements as well as how neuromuscular transmission is affected.

this part was more expected as diffusion of ions and enzymes would be slower in a colder environment directly leading to less action potentials

Interesting that it resulted in an increase. In my experience, most biological processes weaken or slow down with falling temperatures so i had expected it to follow suit

more hydration, as seen by amide reduction reaction

creating high molecular weight polymer, possibly this affects viscosity

i would imagine that milk viscosity may be determined by things such as polarity of content of amino acids. this could be indicative of how the enzymes have affected the milk. In my experience, skim milk is usually less creamy than whole milk

denature the proteins to stop them, by giving them a set time period to do their thing

let the enzymes do their thing at optimal temp

pasterurization

The hypothesis seems to be that we can utilize this enzyme outside of natural biological processes to alter the specific contents of dairy in making different varieties of milk. but its difficult to say what its trying to prove here