28 Matching Annotations
  1. Jun 2017
    1. human-human contact

      Ebola is transmitted by direct contact, but MMR includes indirect contact by air.

    1. spreads through the air

      MMR can spread indirectly by air, but Ebola does not.

    2. synthesize a positive-strand antigenome,

      Both MMR and Ebola synthesize a positive-strand antigenome.

    3. 97% effective vaccine MMR

      MMR has a vaccine available, but not Ebola.

  2. May 2017
    1. Multiple types of media can be used to cultivate it; however, Mueller Hinton broth and agar support the best C. jejuni growth. Optimum atmosphere for C. jejuni is 85% N2, 10% CO2, and 5% O2.

      Lab conditions.

    1. Tests for identification of Klebsiella pneumoniae

      Lab tests

    2. It is also an opportunistic pathogen for patients with chronic pulmonary disease, enteric pathogenicity, nasal mucosa atrophy, and rhinoscleroma.
    3. Klebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative, non-motile, encapsulated, lactose fermenting, facultative anaerobic, rod shaped bacterium found in the normal flora of the intestines

      Gram stain

    1. Given the asymptomatic nature of lower genital tract gonococcal infection, nearly one in five women who do not receive treatment will develop pelvic inflammatory disease

      sequelae

    1. Given the global nature of gonorrhea, the high rate of usage of antimicrobials, suboptimal control and monitoring of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and treatment failures, slow update of treatment guidelines in most geographical settings, and the extraordinary capacity of the gonococci to develop and retain AMR, it is likely that the global problem of gonococcal AMR will worsen in the foreseeable future and that the severe complications of gonorrhea will emerge as a silent epidemic.

      Public health concerns

    1. Adult group C beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis has a prevalence of approximately 5%.

      Case report

    1. All isolates were susceptible to penicillin, and their MICs ranged from ≤0.016 to 0.06 μg/ml. The MBCs ranged between ≤0.016 and 0.5 μg/ml, with no evidence of tolerance. Three isolates, two GGS (large-colony phenotype) and one GCS (large-colony phenotype), were resistant to erythromycin (MICs > 16 μg/ml). The range of erythromycin MICs was ≤0.016 to >16 μg/ml. All isolates were susceptible to vancomycin (MICs between 0.12 and 0.5 μg/ml). Eighteen isolates of GGS exhibited tolerance of vancomycin (MBCs 32 or more times higher than the MICs [Table 2]).

      Antibiotic resistance

  3. Apr 2017
    1. t also has a unique mode of action inhibiting the second stage of cell wall synthesis of susceptible bacteria. There is also evidence that vancomycin alters the permeability of the cell membrane and selectively inhibits ribonucleic acid synthesis.

      mechanism of action of vancomycin antibiotic

    1. Briefly, the organism was plated on blood Mueller-Hinton agar and incubated at 35°C in ambient air (preferred), or with CO2 if required for growth, for 20 to 24 h.

      Culture growth requirements

    2. All 50 strains were susceptible to vancomycin

      effective antibiotic

    3. based on alpha-hemolysis, gram-positive reaction, coccus morphology in chains, negative catalase test, and exclusions of pneumococci and enterococci by routine biochemical tests (optochin test, bile solubility, and PYR [N,N-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde] test).

      Identification of VGS in lab

    4. nutritionally fastidious and mainly alpha-hemolytic on sheep blood agar

      Lab media

    5. Sequencing analysis of the 16S rRNA gene has become an essential part of bacterial taxonomy

      Additional lab tests

    1. Related Disorders

      Tularemia can be hard to differentiate from cat-scratch disease. May also present like the plague.

    1. Tularemia bacteria enter the body through the mucous membranes the skin, the lungs, or the digestive system. There are seven different forms of the disease:

      Seven different forms of the disease --> based on how it is contracted and the symptoms it causes.

    2. How Do People Contract Rabbit Fever?

      Get Tularemia through contact with infected animals. Not contagious from one human to another.