The iceberg metaphor provides a visual image for critical thinking about what we perceive on the sur-face at the event level and what patterns, structures, and mental models lie beneath that contribute to the event.
I really like this visual metaphor. I see this play out many times in my life, as well- something will happen, and sometimes it takes a lot of exploration to even consider it part of a pattern. Being in a social work field has helped noticing these underlying structures much easier to find, at least in my own head. I can eventually come to a conclusion about what schemas and perceptions might be making me see an event a certain way. This is something I would share with my clients and help them learn to pick up on these things "under the water", because it's helpful to notice them in order to subvert shame or feel more in control of my reactions.