summary: talking about the paper

summary: talking about the different types of mutations that are possible in the locus

summary: explains how they know that it was chromosome 9 causing the mutation and that the breakage-fusion-bridge cycle has something to do with it

summary: talks about where the mutation occurred in the chromosome and how many different fusions in each chromosome caused the mutation

the third stage of the prophase of meiosis during which the paired chromosomes shorten and thicken, the two chromatids of each separate, and exchange of segments between chromatids may occur.

a dense region of heterochromatin ( a very dense region of DNA that is less accessible to transcription factors)

summary: the variegation that occurs is common in many other living things

summary: want to find a mutation that occurs more frequently in experiment in maize and has also been seen in drosophila

the presence of two or more cell lines with different genetic makeup within a single organism, resulting from an error in cell division after fertilization

"TTX was found to be effective in mitigating ischemic damages by occlusion of vessels in rat hippocampus" can be translated into: TTX can help in preventing lack of blood due to a blockage in the rats brain.

"One possible application is as a neuroprotective drug in the treatment on ischemic damage of the brain" this is translated into: TTX can be used to protect brain cells and make sure there isn't a lack of blood in the brain.

how did they come up with the hypothesis on TTX being able to be used for therapeutic applications?

how did they measure the affect in the rars hippocampus?

Ischemic damage is relevant to our class because if there isnt a lot of blood flow to the lungs your body could experience lack of oxygen

the sodium channel is relevant to class as it has an important role in the membrane potential

glutamatergic: anything related to glutamate, an amino acid and neurotransmitter in the brain

neurotransmitter: endogenous chemicals that allow neurons to communicate with each other throughout the body

depolarization: a process that occurs when a cell's internal charge becomes less negative, or more positive, relative to the outside of the cell

peri-infarct: an area of heterogenous myocardial scar containing fibrotic tissue intermingled with viable cardiomyocytes hypothesized to act as an arrhythmogenic substrate

infarction: obstruction of the blood supply to an organ or region of tissue, typically by a thrombus or embolus, causing local death of the tissue.

ischemic: a less-than-normal amount of blood flow to part of your body

how did they figure out it does this?

why did it specifically impact the meal size?

why is it so common to study?

what caused this?

does this drug influence human metabolism?

this article relates to the stuff we are learning about in class because a drug that lowers food intake can affect the metabolism of an animal and can alter the body's chemistry

it reduces the effect of food intake suppression by infecting into the brain

it can be controlled through signals that impact a cells behavior

GLP-1 drugs are used to treat diseases

recent discoveries show that the administration of the drug into your blood stream reduces food intake

they examined how your brain knows when to stop eating

leptin interacts with GLP-1 to tell your brain you are getting full and need to lose weight

a brain region that plays a key role in motivation, reward, and addiction

a small part of the brain that controls many bodily functions

an underlying substance or layer

relating to the body fluids, especially with regard to immune responses involving antibodies in body fluids as distinct from cells.

a medical treatment that uses drugs to treat or prevent disease, or to improve symptoms