18 Matching Annotations
  1. Last 7 days
  2. Sep 2026
    1. p-value = 0.2065

      P-value greater than alpha. Not rare. Do not reject. Do not find evidence for mu>5.

      Also, "significance level" is now "discernible level"?

    1. Three or more times?

      The default graphc shows dotplots (really histograms). If "Tiles" need to be selected to determine how many pennies were selected 3 or more times.

    1. Each study tests

      Sorry to be a pest. In your step 3 of 7 you parenthetically say that these are observational studies. But the actual study has not been described as observational or experimental.

    2. f the color is harmless, breaking out is a coin flip — p = 0.50.

      To determine cause and effect would require an experiment. Randomly assign half to eat that color jellybean and half to eat no jellybean. Compare acne proportions.

    1. A study is blind (or single-blind) if the patients do not know which treatment group they are in. A placebo is a fake treatment (such as a sugar pill) given to the control group so that patients cannot tell whether they are receiving the real treatment. The placebo effect is the phenomenon where patients show improvement simply because they believe they are receiving treatment. A study is double-blind if neither the patients nor the doctors and researchers interacting with them know who is receiving which treatment. To prevent emotional effects from biasing the study, researchers want patients to be unaware of their group assignment — that is, the study should be blind. But if a patient in the control group receives nothing at all, they will know they are not getting treated. The solution is a placebo. An effective placebo is the key to making a study truly blind. The patients are not the only ones who should be blinded. Doctors and researchers can also unintentionally bias a study. A doctor who knows a patient is receiving the real treatment might give that patient more attention or care. To guard against this, most modern studies use a double-blind setup.

      put the "Definition blue box" at the end of the discussion.

    2. Random sampling is not just one option — it is the option that lets sample statistics estimate population parameters honestly.

      Do you mean to say that it is the ONLY option?