22 Matching Annotations
  1. Nov 2022
    1. Future studies of Friendster–and indeed of platform death–might look to actors, especially users, that offer starkly competing visions of a platform’s life and death.

      It is a discussion that I don't believe has a defined answer or endpoint. From my perspective, I see a platform as being able to always stay alive if it so chooses to keep its doors (or domain) open. The probe of upkeep and money will eventually be the downfall of an unprofitable platform, but theoretically, the only way a platform or program can die is if the plug is pulled by the creators themselves.

    2. These employees signaled that death could not happen so long as your user base was growing, and issues of scale were always related to growth.

      I am surprised to see that many former employees argue against the notion that Friendster's scaling issue was the cause of its death. This was my first assumption after reading about slow loading times at the beginning of the article. I believe I find this so feasible as an answer because in current day, slow loading time DOES spell death for your platform. We have become accustomed to instant accommodation in our internet use, but it is most likely true that back then, many of the social platforms had to deal with this issue, so it doesn't quite fully explain why Friendster failed.

    3. In other words, death as a term can also be expansive, establishing a foundation for understanding competing, socially-constructed definitions of vitality in technological systems, and showing how the act of declaring an artifact as dead, or narrativizing the process of death, performs social functions.

      In the case of internet artefacts, I've seen death referred to not as a platform or internet space being unusable or non-functioning, but as a prediction of such due to a lower user-base or lower overall interaction with a larger collection. I see this with online forums especially, being labeled as "dead" if there is a significant period with little activity. In my experience I have seen a difference between a platform being "dead" and simply "over". Dead in the technological sense brings a sense of incompleteness, with the idea that it could still "come back to life".

    4. Technological death is present within science and technology studies literature in numerous ways–whether staving death off through maintenance (Orr, 1996 Links to an external site.) or repair (Jackson & Kang, 2014 Links to an external site.)

      This is what I see most often with platforms today. Social platforms like Instagram and Facebook have had many funerals, though they keep coming back through means of restructuring and re-vamping features. One could say this makes it a different platform entirely, with the death of the old version being complete, and what we see today is a new version with the same name but without the same feeling or purpose.

    5. For all its success, however, Friendster was quickly plagued by slow load times, managerial mishap and ascendant competitors as it tracked upward on its proverbial hockey stick of growth.

      I cannot blame Friendster for this, as it is difficult to optimize for scale so quickly when your platform has enormous success, larger than was planned for or expected. I do think there is always a window to either adapt or sink, being flexible and seeking creative solutions that I don't believe Friendster had the development team for.

    1. Following her release from AOL, she joined a group of ex-guides and founded Observers.net, a website dedicated to critiquing AOL’s business practices. From Observers.net, Hallisey launched her lawsuit for back wages and gathered much media attention for her role as an ex-guide.

      The Fair Labor Standards Act was created in 1938, which makes it confusing to me why AOL did not realize they were in violation of this when working volunteers extreme hours and putting them at work expectations of an employee. This shows me that what some companies feel they can get away with, they will do regardless of moral perspectives. I look at the other end of the story, where what started as innocent volunteer work may have gotten out of control. I must assume that AOL knows the laws and were attempting a loophole of exploitation.

    2. first, that AOL restructure the relationship to be more consistent with that of an independent contractor relationship; however, Gardiner suggested that such restructuring would compromise AOL’s ability to control the volunteers. Second, he suggested that AOL completely outsource the remote staff to a third party; however, the third party should not be a proxy or shell, since this would not relieve AOL of its employer responsibilities. And thirdly, he suggested that AOL hire the remote staff outright.18

      The obvious solution to me is hiring the remote staff outright, but the real dilemma as Gardiner says, is maintaining control of the volunteers without losing any money. They wanted to continue with the free labor deal that had been gifted, but what comes with that is the freedom to volunteer out of passion and in a way that allows flexibility. The management of a large company such as AOL would make it easy to lose sight of that perspective.

    3. early Internet community spirit present in other Internet communities, such as Howard Rheingold’s Whole Earth ’Lectronic Link (WELL)6 and the various Usenet groups of hobbyists and information enthusiasts engaging in what has been described by some observers as a gift economy of information exchange.

      I can see the perspective of a gift economy of information when it comes to early Internet. This was probably a magical time of possibilities to most people that we take for granted today. When I compare this to my passionate hobbies, I am always more than willing to be helpful and inventive for free because the reward is the novelty seeing the progress and results of something creatively new. That is what the internet was before 1998, a sandbox playground where anything could be created that hadn't previously existed.

    4. AOL tried to restructure the remote-staff volunteer organization to gain control over it, and by so doing AOL positioned some of its volunteers to see themselves as employees.

      The exploitation of the internet's "pioneer" hobbyists and experts is something that could only be done in this early state of experimentation. In current day, it would be difficult and possibly illegal for a company as large as AOL to hire volunteer workers. The aspects of these jobs that are still not fully automated are now seen as valid customer service positions that anyone would expect to be compensated for.

    5. The increase in member subscription was expected to be significant, and a wave of concern swept through the large remote-staff volunteer population, whose duties included monitoring electronic bulletin boards, hosting chat-rooms, enforcing the Terms of Service agreement (TOS), guiding AOL users through the online community, and even creating content using the AOL’s own program, RAINMAN (Remote Automated Information Manager), the text scripting language and the publishing tool that allows remote staffers to update and change content on AOL.

      I take for granted how many of these processes are now automated. In the early days of internet, the scaling of mass use was undoubtedly more than anyone could handle using manpower. This was an unmatched level of growth that we haven't seen with any other technology, it has become integrated into all previous and future mediums.

    1. One could argue that we therefore might be better off abandoning the word “Internet” altogether as imprecise and potentially obfuscating. But another approach would emphasise that cultural expectations of the Internet shaped the development of and thus are part of the artefact itself. Cultural expectations and technological artefacts exist in an inextricably intertwined way.

      The idea of abandoning the term "internet" makes sense to me, as it has grown far beyond what we originally meant when using the term. It is no longer a collection of information neatly boxed into domains, it is an experience that I think the current term "metaverse" fits into. This term is being hoarded by certain companies such as Meta, but it is really a perfect term to encompass our digitally networked lives.

    2. First, it was imagined as uniquely interactive rather than transmissive. Unlike, say, phone networks or technologically similar X.25 networks used by banks, the Internet was expected to provide individual users instant, constant interactive feedback; it was supposed to be surprising, not a means to a predetermined end, not a data storage and retrieval system

      This is an intriguing way of imagining the Internet. It begs the question of what the use of an instant, constant interactive feedback system would look like. Do we have anything mirroring that today? And even so, it is less surprising and more of a means-to-end understanding; users know what intention they have and they use the Internet with that intention leading their actions. Video chatting sites where you are matched with a random person is the only example of this "instant constant interactive feedback" I can think of.

    3. divorced from the idiosyncratic and personal visions of some scientists and bureaucrats whose sweat and dedication got the project up and running, from the social history of the field of computer science, from the Cold Warriors who provided massive government funding of computers and networking as tools for fighting nuclear and conventional war, and from the countercultural radicalism that sought to redirect technology toward a more decentralized and non-hierarchical vision of society.

      This quote highlights the separation between the medium (or vehicle) and it's driver. When we speculate the future of the Internet, it is a reflection of our own idealistic goals, which will heavily differ from person to person. The culmination of those who are shaping the development of the Internet will always include all of these parties, and will depend on which one of these parties create the most influence.

    4. of disruptive events that throw entire industries into confusion, like college students downloading music or uploading videos. Novelty in the digital does not surprise us; over the last 30 years, it has become an expectation.

      It is true that our global access to sharing information through the internet has disrupted almost every established industry. Consumers have reclaimed their agency and discernment, forcing any outdated systems out of rigidity. The internet has moved our society forward socially and culturally in empowering ways.

    5. international meeting on the newly emerged problem of “Internet governance,” centred on the coordination of domain names and numbers. Because at the time whatever legal control existed for the Internet technically laid with the US government, Magaziner, a senior advisor to the President for Policy Development, had become the administration's point man on this issue.

      It is interesting to think about the perspective of the government during the start of the Internet age. This was unprecedented, with no blueprint of how to model and structure such a vast sea of information. There was no one technically qualified to properly handle this issue, so to see the cause and effect of the decisions made by government early on is fascinating from the perspective of present-day.

    1. Thursday evenings are television’s most coveted timeslot: advertisers pay the highest rates for commercials for that night based on reports that the largest numbers of viewers are tuned in at that time.

      Thursday night having the largest number of viewers is surprising data. I expected the most coveted timeslots to be during the weekend when many people have a leisure day off of work.

    2. Yet, in 1985, Barry Diller, the former highly successful head of Paramount Pictures, who had resuscitated the film division of the financially struggling Twentieth Century Fox during the first year of his tenure, “turned his attention to TV by aggressively pursuing his bold aspiration of starting yet another broadcast network to compete against CBS, NBC and ABC” (Edgerton 2007: 303).

      I understand why Diller wanted to create another network to compete although at first glance it seems like a bad investment. If he was able to resuscitate the film division of Fox, then there would be no reason to believe he cannot do the same thing with network television.

    3. CBS, which still claimed the marker of quality as the “Tiffany” network, aired programming that reflected their appeals to a variety of discrete audiences.

      I hadn't considered the themes and audiences specific networks target with their programming. The need to constantly adapt to the decline of network television viewership means networks must choose to either experiment and risk losing money in hopes of coming up with a show that stands out and brings in a cult audience, or play it safe and accept a slow decline.

    4. The advent of technologies such as the VCR and remote control, along with a changing regulatory climate that facilitated the proliferation of cable channels in the 1980s, threatened the ubiquity of that unity.

      The end of the network era was imminent; as technology and our interconnectivity continued to evolve, there would be less dependence on broadcast television as a primary source of information and digital content.

    5. By the mid‐1980s, such dismal predictions about the future of broadcast television were commonplace among industry observers. According to broadcast historian Michele Hilmes: “From a situation in which the big three split over 90 percent of the viewing among them, by 1985 their combined audience share totaled under 75 percent and would fall much further” (Hilmes 2002: 263).

      It is interesting to see Hilmes' predictions ring true even in current day where network television has continued to decline due to the prominence of streaming and social network sites like Youtube and Tiktok.

  2. Oct 2022
    1. So, then, how did a television series that was such an overwhelming success “run” without a showrunner? Or was there a showrunner who was never celebrated as such?

      The politics of the entertainment industry would lead me to believe that there are contributors who did not receive credit for their work, especially considering the power of people like Desi Arnaz who gave himself an executive producer credit despite it being an inaccurate title.

    2. I Love Lucy is most often celebrated for five things: 1. Lucy and Ricky’s position as the first interracial couple on television; 2. cinematographer Karl Freund’s use of a multi-camera system to record the series on film in front of a live audience; 3. the announced arrival of Little Ricky; 4. making its stars, Lucille Ball and Desi Arnaz, the first television millionaires; and 5. being one of the series that convinced networks and studios that telefilm production in Hollywood would become the future of the industry.

      I was unaware that I Love Lucy served as such a transformative program for the television industry. There are certain regulations in present time for what can/cannot be shown on TV, which leads me to wonder what allows a program to break through the "taboo" in the way I Love Lucy did.