This 'difference in differences' loosely speaking, is rather informative. I'd like to follow this up. Initially, this sort of suggests that the open science and advanced knowledge ratings are not giving us much information, or maybe people are not taking them seriously. But I might like to drill down on this more. If we weight in a meaningful way by people's stated level of confidence or what is implied about this from the upper and lower bounds they give, does this persist? My speculation is that some people are just not taking this rating very seriously, while others are doing so rather carefully. If there was some way to capture that, it could be helpful.
In terms of the "advancing knowledge," I see why it might be the case that people are not taking it very seriously, as we sort of explicitly said we were de-emphasizing that to some extent in favor of impact. I don't quite understand what is meant by "averaging makes it more reliable" for this measure, but for other things, it's mostly noise even after averaging. How, if you're averaging it, do you independently know that it's noise? - What's the basis for comparison?