The sampling distribution of the sample proportion
= The distribution of the sample proportion.
20 Matching Annotations
- Oct 2025
-
-
-
The distribution of a list of numbers is the set of the possible values in the list and how often they occur.
The distribution of X: is the set of the possible values that X can take, and how often they occur
-
ince we returned the observed balls to the bowl before getting another sample, we say that we performed sampling with replacement
No, the experiment did sampling withOUT replacement, because 50 balls were drawn simultaneously.
-
- Sep 2025
-
moderndive.com moderndive.com
-
Furthermore, observe that the variable continent is of type <fct>, which stands for factor
major data types: - numeric - character - logical - (NEW!) factor.
factor is shown like character, but internally saves integers (that matches to factor labels)
-
-
moderndive.com moderndive.com
-
4.1 Importing data
wanna skip this
-
-
-
3.7.4 Normal forms
let's skip (i don't know)
-
dest == "PHX")
principle: logical indexing like a = c(1,6,2,4) a[c(2,3)] a[c(F, T, T, F)]
-
We can often skip the use of & and just separate our conditions with a comma.
this is specific to dplyr. not applying to general R
-
origin == "JFK" & (dest == "BTV" | dest == "SEA") & month >= 10
any statement that can lead to true/false is ok
-
-
moderndive.com moderndive.com
-
2.8.3 Two categorical variables
skip; try on your own
-
2.5.2 Adjusting the bins
skip; try on your own
-
2.3.2 Overplotting
skip - try this your own!
-
what are the center and spread of the values, as we go across the levels of a different categorical variable.
e.g. histogram of wages for each city
-
- Aug 2025
-
moderndive.com moderndive.com
-
Lastly, the $ operator allows us to extract and then explore a single variable within a data frame.
One of the most basic command in R. It does not require any package.
-
Using the View() function, which brings up RStudio’s built-in data viewer.
We may not use RStudio. Instead, try head(flights).
-
Another point of confusion with many new R users is the idea of an R package
It's like a python library, or, chrome extension.
-
Take the “copy, paste, and tweak” approach
Most recommended: copy and paste BY HAND!!!!
-
Warnings
e.g. try log(-1)
-
Errors
e.g. try 1 + "a"
-
-
hypothes.is hypothes.is
-
nsion in Chrome (1 and 2
test
-