9,781 Matching Annotations
  1. Aug 2016
    1. Color-Blind Racial Ideology

      Neville, Helen et. al. "Color-Blind Racial Ideology: Theory, Training, and Measurement Implications in Psychology." American Psychological Association, Vol. 68, No. 6, Sept. 2013, pp. 455-466. Web. 8 Aug 2016.

    1. affect the entire economy,

      This can be used as an example for why everyone should care about the drought.

    2. produce costlier crops like almonds and pistachios – mostly imported to China and elsewhere – to make up for production cutbacks. Those two crops require 35 times the water compared to the traditional vegetables.

      Are the farmers causing more problems by trying to make up for production costs?

    3. As aquifers are depleted, farmers are drilling deeper and deeper for water. In some places, the drilling is pulling up water that last saw sunlight during the Ice Age.

      The farmers must have water in order to provide food to the country, but drinking water is needed as well. What will happen when even the deepest groundwater is removed?

    4. one bridge now sits below the water line.

      The sinking is affecting the infrastructure of the state. How could this, in combination with natural disasters, continue to have a negative impact on the infrastructure.

    5. between May 2014 and January 2015 the ground sank up to 2 inches per month.

      This relates back to the sinking of 45 feet previously noted.

    1. This study began by asking whether the minority party has any electoral incentive to act responsibly in Congress. The short answer is: yes. Americans do hold meaningfully different evaluations of each party’s performance in Congress. To a significant degree, these evaluations are formed on the basis of criteria logically related to legislative performance. In turn, Americans use the evaluations of both parties when casting their votes in House elections. Importantly, the electoral impact of minority party performance ratings appears to be just as large, on average, as the impact of majority party performance ratings.

      I can use this in my paper as a counter argument against my own. He is arguing that, with the current two party system in America, both parties are held accountable for their actions, therefore the two party system is a fair way of electing politicians.

    2. On its face, these findings would appear to support the one-party model of accountability for Congress. Specifically, they are consistent with a story in which everything a citizen learns or feels about Congress is automatically associated with a single party: the majority. But while it may be true that Americans closely associate approval of Congress with approval of the majority party, this does not rule out the possibility that Americans also evaluate the performance of the minority party in Congress and use that evaluation when voting. No existing studies offer or test this alternative hypothesis.

      In this section, Jones brings up specific, credible research that backs up the one party model. He adds that although these findings are legitimate given the assumptions they make, he argues that different research needs to be done to account for Americans that take the minority party into consideration when voting. Once again, his mention of a legitimate study from the opposing side serves to strengthen his credibility.

    3. In particular, the frequent occurrence of divided government, as well as occasional friction between a president and his own party in Congress even during unified government, have necessitated additional theorizing about whether and how models of collective accountability should be more realistically adapted.

      In this section, Jones introduces the two primary theories of accountability that have been established, providing background on the subject for the reader. At the end of this section, he states the main issue with these theories, and adds that more research needs to be done in this area to account for the fact that there is often no single party in power.

    4. In both cases, the minority party appeared to believe that it could make the ruling party look bad by denying it bipartisan legislative victories, and that the public would respond at the polls by punishing the ruling party, not the minority. Also in both cases, the strategy seemed to pay dividends. The minority party experienced sweeping electoral successes two years later, regaining their majority status.

      Jones is providing reasonably strong evidence that supports one of the opposing view points. He provides one example from each party in recent history in which political gridlock seemingly led to the shift of power away from the current majority. This is a legitimate counterpoint and Jones' choice to include it in the beginning gives more validity to his argument later on in the article.

    5. Existing research suggests that to the extent that accountability for congressional performance occurs, it does so primarily through a referendum on the performance of the majority party. If true, this means that the minority party has no incentive to act responsibly, and may even have an incentive to polarize and obstruct.

      Here, Jones is entering into the conversation by introducing the primary point that he opposes in this article. The opposition argues that the American public evaluates Congress as a whole, and the majority party is often blamed for political gridlock. Jones disputes this immediately by arguing that American's do in fact take party performance into consideration when deciding who to vote for in elections.

    6. I argue that the ratings Americans give to each congressional party flow in part from the parties’ actual performances in Congress, reflecting factors such as policy stances, managerial effectiveness, and partisan tone. I also argue that when Americans cast ballots in elections, they take into account their evaluations of not only majority party performance, but also their separate evaluations of minority party performance. In this way, Americans hold both parties accountable for their respective performances.

      Here, Jones articulates his main point in the article. He is arguing that Americans hold both parties in Congress accountable for their actions and accomplishments as a party, and that voters take into account their evaluation of both political parties when deciding who to vote for in elections.

    7. Polity

      Polity is the journal of the Northeastern Political Science Association. This journal was established in 1968 and is one of the more widely known political science journals. They are considered to be a credible publication.

    8. David R Jones

      Jones is a professor at Baruch College who specializes in American politics. He has written multiple books on politics in America, and his research has been included in many scholarly journals including The American Journal of Political Science.

    9. A More Responsible Two-Party System? Accountability for Majority and Minority Party Performance in a Polarized Congress

      Jones, David R. "A More Responsible Two-Party System? Accountability for Majority and Minority Performance in a Polarized Congress". Polity, 18 Aug. 2014. Web. 01 Aug. 2016.

    10. In both cases, the minority party appeared to believe that it could make the ruling party look bad by denying it bipartisan legislative victories, and that the public would respond at the polls by punishing the ruling party, not the minority. Also in both cases, the strategy seemed to pay dividends. The minority party experienced sweeping electoral successes two years later, regaining their majority status.

      Here, Jones is providing reasonably strong evidence that supports one of the opposing view points. He provides one example from each party in recent history in which political gridlock seemingly led to the shift of power away from the current majority. This is a legitimate counterpoint and Jones' choice to include it in the beginning gives more validity to his argument later on in the article.

    11. Existing research suggests that to the extent that accountability for congressional performance occurs, it does so primarily through a referendum on the performance of the majority party. If true, this means that the minority party has no incentive to act responsibly, and may even have an incentive to polarize and obstruct.

      Here, Jones is entering into the conversation by introducing the primary point that he opposes in this article. The opposition argues that the American public evaluates Congress as a whole, and the majority party is often blamed for political gridlock. Jones disputes this immediately by arguing that American's do in fact take party performance into consideration when deciding who to vote for in elections.

    12. Polity

      Polity is the journal of the Northeastern Political Science Association. This journal was established in 1968 and is one of the more widely known political science journals. They are considered to be a credible publication.

    13. David R Jones

      Jones is a professor at Baruch College who specializes in American politics. He has written multiple books on politics in America, and his research has been included in many scholarly journals including The American Journal of Political Science. http://www.baruch.cuny.edu/wsas/academics/political_science/djones.htm

    14. A More Responsible Two-Party System? Accountability for Majority and Minority Party Performance in a Polarized Congress

      Jones, David R. "A More Responsible Two-Party System? Accountability for Majority and Minority Performance in a Polarized Congress". Polity, 18 Aug. 2014. Web. 01 Aug. 2016.

    15. I argue that the ratings Americans give to each congressional party flow in part from the parties’ actual performances in Congress, reflecting factors such as policy stances, managerial effectiveness, and partisan tone. I also argue that when Americans cast ballots in elections, they take into account their evaluations of not only majority party performance, but also their separate evaluations of minority party performance. In this way, Americans hold both parties accountable for their respective performances.

      Here, Jones articulates his main point in the article. He is arguing that Americans hold both parties in Congress accountable for their actions and accomplishments as a party, and that voters take into account their evaluation of both political parties when deciding who to vote for in elections.

  2. Jul 2016
    1. As the population exploded and farming acreage increased, the land collapse accelerated – one area dropped nearly 40 inches between 2007 and 2010. And in just eight months leading up to February 2015, it sank another 13 inches.

      All thanks to the lack of ground water and available water from rivers and lakes.

    2. enough fresh water needs to be released to keep seawater from infiltrating the area

      New information to me. I always thought the salt water regulated itself through sea life.

    3. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and conservative lawmakers, farmers and residents who accuse the agency of wasting millions of gallons of water to protect salmon and an endangered anchovy called the delta smelt

      Controversial use of water because many believe in protecting wildlife and endangered species while others are more concerned with their own survival. This raises the question of which is more important?

    4. Farmers use 40 percent of the state's water supply. Residential and commercial usage is 10 percent, and the rest is released into the waterways or used by the government.

      Farmers aren't even using half of the available water and they're the ones providing food to the nation. This can be used in an argument to support farmers.

    5. "Wealthy people don't care, they will find a way [to use water]," said Republican state Sen. Jim Nielsen, a lifelong farmer and farming advocate. "But it's not the urban use that's sucking the state dry, it's the farmers," he added sarcastically.

      This is an interesting quote. Often times the wealthy doesn't seem to notice serious problems until it is directly affecting them.

    6. second year of mandatory 25 percent water cuts.

      The once lush coast is now know for being brown.

    7. Lake Shasta

      Massive lake to small Grand Canyon thanks to the drought and need for water.

    8. infrastructure damage from the altitude drop; two million acres of dead farmland; disappearing wildlife; $2.7 billion in economic losses; 21,000 lost jobs; and rising food and utility costs.

      Problems of the drought that are affecting everyone economically, among other ways.

    9. urged to drill new wells – at a cost of $30,000 each. Portable showers have been installed at a local church and bottled drinking water is delivered. Emergency state funding has paid for delivery of 2,500-gallon water drums to residents' front yards for washing and bathing. It's been that way for two years.

      Where do we draw the line? Water is having to be trucked in to do even simple things like bath. This developed country is almost moving backward in time and advancements.

    10. the only way to do something about it is to stop drilling. Then it will keep sinking for a year or two even if it's stopped.

      Currently there are no other solutions to help the now sinking state.

    11. will produce floods as the water has nowhere to go

      The land is too dry and collapsing from mining, thus the water will not all soak in to the earth. This can lead to mudslides which are also devastating in a hilly state like California.

    12. It will take several years of rain to bring the state out of its crisis mode regardless of how many spring showers occur.

      Can a major storm like El Nino help speed up the process?

    13. Tori Richards

      Richards is a contributor for several news outlets such as US News, Fox News, and Bloomberg News. She lives in California, thus experiencing the drought first hand.

    14. sunk more than 45 feet since 1935 – something the U.S. government calls the "largest human alteration of the earth's surface."

      This can be used for why groundwater drilling is a bad thing.

    15. Water Woes Divide California into Haves, Have Nots

      Richards, Tony. “Water Woes Divide California into Haves, Have Nots.” U.S. News. 8 Apr. 2016. Web. 10 July 2016.

      Richards claim is in the subtitle of the article. He states that the decrease in water in California may cause a Dust Bowl. Throughout the piece, Richards also talks about the ongoing sinking of the state due to groundwater mining.

    1. Thirty kings and two minors have reigned in that distracted kingdom sincethe conquest, in which time there has been (including the revolution) no less than eight civil wars and nineteen Rebellions.

      The citation stated here is evidence that the continued rule on lineage has caused many a conflict over the years.

    2. avor of hereditary succession is,that itpreserves a nation from civil wars; and were this true, it would be weighty; whereasit is the most bare-faced falsity ever imposed upon mankind

      This is clearly the Assertion. Boldly stated is that heredity succession does not save from Civil Wars and it is foolish to believe so.

    1. How ISIS Spread in the Middle East And how to stop it

      Ignatius, David. "How ISIS Spread in the Middle East And how to stop it". The Atlantic.29 Oct. 2015. Web. 10 Jul. 2016.

      Ignatius claims that ISIS is not merely a terrorist group, but it's an anti-colonial organization with higher political motives aiming to restore an "Islamic caliphate" similar to the ottoman empire. And that the US failed foreign policies facilitated their insurgence and empowerment.

    1. At a time when the country is critically short of engineers, especially female ones, it’s heartening to see so many opportunities to inspire students with a love of science.

      Finally, Grady finishes her article with establishing another benefit to the mission that might get more people on board with funding NASA. She states that there is room for high end jobs, to help with unemployment. She also makes special mention that female engineers are wanted, that may appeal to the female demographics as well.

    2. It may not be as sexy as putting a man on the moon, but it’s something I believe we should care as deeply about.

      Grady does several things here. One of the main arguments against funding for NASA is that people do not see probes circling other planets of important. Sending Neil Armstrong to the Moon was impressive and exciting, but this wasn't. However, she stands as a voice for her field, and is attempting to show her audience that this is just as important of a mission.

    3. Since the Voyager missions, it has been known the Saturn-like ring around Jupiter is formed by sulphur dioxide released by volcanism on the moon Io. The planet’s magnetic field traps dust from Io and accelerates it, producing the intense radiation for which Jupiter is notorious.

      Grady mentions the Voyager missions. This shows that the mission is complementing previous mission information, showing the cost of the mission isn't just to tread old ground. By doing so, Grady is building a case that the money is truly being spent to gain and improve our information on the planet of Jupiter.

    4. The craft will go closer, for longer, than any other of Jupiter’s visitors and its colour camera, nicknamed the JunoCam, will snap close-ups of clouds and polar regions. While the on-board instruments will refine what little we know about its composition, which has higher amounts of sulphur, nitrogen and noble gases than expected from a planet basically formed from gases left-over after the sun’s creation.

      Grady is stating the importance of this mission. The reason this is important is because it covers one of the stakeholder positions that will be covered in my paper. It describes the valuable information that NASA and the space exploration community will gain from this mission. By explaining that the mission will give more information than any of the previous explorations to Jupiter so far, it is justifying why the cost of this mission is important. This will in turn show that funding towards space programs is being used responsibly and that the money is not being wasted on treading old ground.

    5. Not only did it have to withstand the planet’s intense radiation field, the £890 million probe also needed to survive intense turbulence and dodge space debris.

      Grady is now getting to the heart of the article. She writes very technically and factual from her on out. It is unbiased as there is no opinion being thrown in. She describes some of the many issues that surround the mission and how much money it has cost to get to the point it is today.

    6. It’s mission? To solve the mystery of what lies beneath the planet’s swirling storm clouds.

      She now brings the viewer back to the main purpose of the article; to talk about the Juno mission. She does so by expressly stating what the mission is.

    7. . Indeed, it sounds like the plot of a Hollywood sci-fi blockbuster – the craft even had the courtesy to arrive at Jupiter on Independence Day.

      Grady attempting to further connect with her audience, people interested and invested in space exploration, by talking about something other than the mission. she refers to Independence Day, a popular sci-fi action movie that also happens to refrence the day the real life mission of Juno became successful.

    8. It was a scene that made me smile. Back in November 2014, I experienced the same feeling of elation after robot probe Philae - a project I had worked with colleagues on for almost 20 years – finally landed on a comet, after detaching from the Rosetta satellite.

      Grady does several things with this statement. First, she adds to her credibility for reporting on this topic. By working on a mission similar to this one, she is showing that she has an insider's view on missions such as this, instead of being purely an outsider. She also establishes emotion into the article by going into more detail into the excitement that goes on within these missions, and how she had a genuine emotion to the announcement and reaction of the mission.

    9. the hardest thing Nasa has ever attempted. Little wonder, then, that the cheers of its jubilant scientists reverberated around the world, last week, as spacecraft Juno arrived in the Jovian system after an epic five year, 1.8 billion mile, journey.

      Grady starts the actual article by talking about just how impressive the Juno mission is in of itself. The fact that the success of the mission was an exciting announcement to the entire world speaks volumes as to how impressive this mission has become.

    10. Monica Grady, Professor of Planetary and Space Science at the Open University

      Article gives a brief biography of who the author is, and points to a leader in the field, showing a reputable and scholarly source. Open University is an accredited university that offers online schooling for European countries, verifying the author is in fact a professor.

    11. How Nasa's Juno Jupiter probe could be about to solve the solar system's biggest mystery of all

      Grady, Monica. "How Nasa's Juno Jupiter probe could be about to solve the solar system's biggest mystery of all." The Telegraph. 10 July. 2016. Web. 10 July. 2016.

      Grady uses a title that helps support her overall point of this paper. This mission is incredibly important for NASA, as well as our understanding of the solar system that Earth inhabits.

  3. Jun 2016
    1. Yet at its core, a DSC is an inquiry-based group activity, and the first step in the inquiry process is to ask questions, either about the narrative or about the subject matter of the central text.

      Adding inquiry to ELA, how powerful is that?

    2. As an alternative, at the conclusion of a literature lesson, students can create video adaptions of the works they have read in class, showcasing their comprehension and interpretation of the text

      That seems like a reasonable use of digital storytelling in the classroom

    3. hich posits that students who partici-pate in meaning-centered and socially centered activities are more successful at learning.

      interesting concept to consider

    4. s benefit from interacting with technology in the areas of motivation and en-gagement

      get those students engaged

  4. May 2016
  5. www.seethingbrains.com www.seethingbrains.com
    1. Gregor first woke up from his heavy swoon-like sleep in the evening twilight.

      “Not until it was twilight did Gregor awake out of a deep sleep…” The opening line of section II. Twilight in its exact definition is “the soft glowing light from the sky when the sun is below the horizon, caused by the refraction and scattering of the sun's rays from the atmosphere.” Twilight is beautiful and a rare time of the day that not everyone necessarily sees, and yet Kafka chose to use it; not dawn or dusk, but twilight. I think there’s underlying symbolism for this rare thing happening to Gregor during this rare period of time. The use of the words “deep sleep” catches your eye, and at first you're not sure why, but the subtle rhyming helps emphasize the sentence stand out. It’s not like it’s a poem, or a rhyming narrative, so this small different wording makes it important, which in the storyline, it is.

      (Lina)

  6. hum1online.wordpress.com hum1online.wordpress.com
    1. Homi Bhabha

      Homi Bhabha is an academician who is currently the Director of the Humanities Center at Harvard University as well as the Anne F. Rothenberg Professor of English and American Literature and Language. He is a significant figure in the contemporary post-colonial studies and had contributed key ideas to the school such as Third-space, Hybridity, Ambivalence, and Mimicry to name a few.

    2. Who is Zinedine Zidane?

      Short Answer: A football (or as Americans like to say, soccer) player.

      Long Answer: Born in Marseille, France to Algerian immigrants, Zidane is most well known for being a three-time FIFA World Player of the Year who led France to victory in the 1998 World Cup. He has played for clubs in France, Italy and Spain, but his career ended when he was expelled from the 2006 World Cup final for headbutting an opponent.

    1. I really enjoyed the assignment for DOG 1. We were supposed to go to a place that we found safe and comforting. I chose Lake Merritt because I come here to clear my mind and often just to sit by the lake. Its very relaxing and besides that the view is beautiful. I live for spectacular views. Its just a calm feeling that I get here that I never seem to get anywhere else. This place brings me peace. There were a lot of people at the lake. People were working out, exercising, and jogging. I loved to see that because I had just come from the gym myself. I love working out and I believe in staying physically fit. I saw people that were out with their families and just casually walking the lake. I saw a lot of people that looked like they were coming from work. Some people were in groups and some people were alone. All the people coming from work were all in their 40’s which was very interesting. I saw a few people sun bathing, and one girl that sat in the grass to eat a salad. There was a homeless man laying in the grass not too far from me, he looked so relaxed. Every human being here looked content, no one looked like they were having a bad time.

    1. relievedfromstrainorstress

      Rather than saying the relief is what makes the situation humorous, I would be more willing to believe that the humour makes me feel more relieved about the situation.

      Or maybe seeing something unexpected would cause you to be relief, and because you're not as tense as before, you're able to laugh and see the humour in it?

    2. ambivalencetheories

      So in other words, a situation is humorous if it evokes conflicting emotions within the person viewing it.

      Key and Peele - I do feel conflicted about this sketch because on one hand, it's a serious and pertinent problem in reality as the sombre tone of the first few seconds of the sketch conveyed while it was still being pretty normal. However, as it continued on, it got increasingly interrupted by amateur magic tricks by the cop, who also had the most hilarious impressions thanks to Key, that did make me want to laugh. However, I felt that I shouldn't laugh - this conflicting emotions just make me feel guilty, not humorous. Am I misinterpreting this category?

  7. hum1online.wordpress.com hum1online.wordpress.com
    1. Why do you think Serena Williams danced at the end of her 2012 Olympics final? Do you believe this was a “tasteless” act? Why or why not?

      Because she just won the Olympics final and since - very uderstandably - it is an amazing and wonderful accomplishment, she danced in this manner to express her joy in celebration.

      The way the act was described covers a layer of deliberate prejudice over her actions, however. "...Crip-Walking all over.." implies a certain amount of chaos or scene being made when in reality, it barely lasted a few seconds, contained within her little spot at her side of the court. And watching her move like that with a huge smile on her face, as well as her sister's, anyone would be hard pressed or extremely biased to interpret this action as anything other than just an automatic reaction borne out of happiness and joy.

    2. What does “playful mocking” mean?

      I think it refers to when someone makes fun of certain characteristics or features of another person with the intent to tease or amuse but without any malicious intentions. By this I mean, they did not do it to hurt the other, or would/should not have done it if they knew it would've hurt the person they were mocking regardless of it giving others enjoyment.

    1. Slavery is the price I paid for civilization,

      Does she mean the western civilization? That she would not have been part of the USA as she was then had it not been for slavery?

    2. but I was their Zora nevertheless

      They were protective of her, then? They cared for her in a more sincere way separate from the superficial way the whites treated her despite the treatment being more "positive" towards her "joyful tendencies".

    3. They deplored any joyful tendencies in me

      I wonder why though - is it because they felt the coloredness clearly and constantly unlike Zora and therefore could not share the joy she freely did in her childlike innocence?

    4. queer exchange of compliments

      I wonder what about the exchanges were queer to her. Did they compliment each other out of politeness about things they didn't really mean, which struck her, even as a young child, to be strange?

    5. I offer nothing in the way of extenuating circumstances

      The instructions above used this as an example of how Zora Neale Hurston was not ashamed to be colored when to me, I interpreted it as her highlighting some sort of shortcoming on her part at that point of time that didn't make her "colored-ness" less severe.

    1. Additive Archaeology: An Alternative Framework for Recontextualising Archaeological Entities

      Observation: Paul Reilly

    2. Lucas, G., Understanding the Archaeological Record, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2012.

      read this

    3. Additive manufacturin

      Additive Manufacturing

  8. Apr 2016
    1. in an unprovoked attack

      The saddest and scariest thing to me about these hate crimes is that it has all to do with something beyond your own control. The perpetrators hate you, hurt you not for something you have done or can do, but rather for the sake of you simply being you. I can only imagine how much worse it would be for those who actually have experienced it and have this threat looming over them every day. It's unbelievably scary to me that we live in a world - no, a society - like this. But perhaps we can be empowered by the the fact that the fault lies in the beliefs and norms we have built around ourselves when it comes to race, and not something that is set in stone. I believe this means that we still have the power to turn these assumptions and harmful stereotypes around.

  9. Mar 2016
    1. 4) What is the meaning of the background houses and roads? The meaning of the background houses and roads seems like a suburb where the majority of white families live. It has the idea of a spacious, safe environment with nice cars and big houses. A person living in this area is more likely to feel safe and secure since they live somewhere where there is no danger and violence and they are not crowded how people are in the city or more diverse areas. I looked up the houses on Jim Crow Rd on Google Maps and it does look like a nice area for white families to live in and be away from the dangers in the city. Not only that but when I was going through the Google maps I see a myriad amount of brand new year cars or just nice cars with a nice house. Since it is very different from lower class housing since the houses are more clustered together and there a myriad amount of different cars from different years.

      3)What is the meaning of the street sign? The meaning of this street sign, Jim Crow Rd, could have a connection with the Jim Crow laws. These laws were enforced in the 20th century to segregate African Americans and people of color to prevent the same usage as whites. Especially enforced in the South. Colored people couldn't use the same bathrooms, stores, and schools. Not only that but it became difficult for African Americans to own houses like the ones in the picture because they were not eligible to own houses or take our loans form a bank. Since it was difficult for colored people to have houses like these they lived in city cramped areas or just cramped neighborhoods where there seemed to be violence and not have the same space as white neighborhoods.

    1. The campaign will also highlight the pivotal role the public will play in reversing the detrimental effects these plastic bags have had on our planet in such a brief period of time.

      I think this is one of the main point that Finn is try to portray in her supporting of the ban the bag movement. Throughout the article she uses many rhetorical strategies to support and strengthen her claim as well as appeal to her audience.

    2. They kill thousands of marine mammals and shore birds every year. Last year 10,500 plastic bags were removed from the South Shore estuary by volunteers. The answer to this ubiquitous pollution plague is simple, ban the bag.

      Here Finn uses both logo and pathos to strengthen her claim. She makes the audience feel sad for the helpless animal being killed by the bags while also using statistics for the actual number of bags that were removed from the water. It is also evident that Finn is biased towards her claim and wants the "bag to be banned".

    3. BYOB – Bring Your Own Bag

      Finn uses this to connect with and appeal to her audience

    4. Spencer said he'd heard from scores of local residents, business owners and environmental advocates that a move to ban the single-use bags was needed

      "They": In the article, Finn is addressing the general public who both support and disagree with the idea of a ban on single-use plastic bags. She presents a lot of biased, but supportive, information to help argue that the proposed ban should be passed. She is also bringing light to the fact that almost every one agrees on the fact that ocean pollution and general pollution by plastic bags is bad, including the companies making them. She states that business owners "feel with the current movement to reduce their use a countywide policy would make sense" and that the "time has come to work together and tackle this issue". This also illuminates the view of the stakeholders (the plastic bag companies) position on the idea of their product causing pollution and what course of action they are going to take.

    5. $4 billion per year to give out the bags; a cost that is passed on to the consumer in the form of higher prices

      Here Finn is addressing the concern of the consumers who fear that if plastic bags are banned from supermarkets that they will not be able to afford a new type of bag. Here she uses logos to support her argument. She states that the bags are actually causing an increase in product costs, whereas with the new bags a reusable bag would be a single cost of 10 cents and lower prices. She also states that $10 million a year is spent to dispose of plastic bags. This information supports her argument and persuades her audience that plastic bags should be banned.

    6. Should Single-Use Plastic Bags Be Banned?

      Finn, Lisa. "POLL: Should Single-Use Plastic Bags Be Banned?" North Fork, NY Patch. 09 Mar. 2016. Web. 10 Mar. 2016.

      This article is published by the North Fork Patch, a local news station for North Fork, New York that presents information on breaking and local news, events, weather, sports, schools, shopping, and restaurants. The article is written by Lisa Finn, a journalist for the station. In the article Finn talks about the proposed ban on Single-Use Plastic bags in places such as grocery stores and how the general public is reacting to the proposal. This is a popular source rather than an academic source or scholarly journal.

    7. Suffolk County Legis. William R. Spencer, M.D.

      Throughout the article Finn quotes William Spencer, a Suffolk County Legislator who is also a Doctor of Medicine; he recently passed a bill to "limit the use of disposable plastic bags". This increases her credibility because she is bringing in outside sources who have experience in the area she is discussing (the usage of plastic bags) and who have titles of credibility (legislator, M.D.).

    8. Those who've been imploring local government officials to "just say no" to single-use plastic bags might soon see their wish come true, as officials consider a Suffolk County-wide plastic bag ban.

      Finn does not explicitly articulate her claim however she argues her claim throughout the entire article: she argues that a ban on single-use plastic bags should be passed in North Fork, New York despite some opposing views on the topic. While she presents bias throughout the article she also uses evidence and some rhetorical strategies to support her claim and to increase her credibility.

    1. Meanwhile health authorities in at least five of the affected countries—Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, El Salvador, and Jamaica—are advising women to avoid pregnancy for the moment.1

      This quote can be used to showcase the exact severity of the disease as health officials are not just advising that people try and stay safe from contracting the disease, but also advising that they refrain from getting pregnant. This is due to the fact that there is an anticipated risk that the pregnant women in these areas may contract or already have contracted the disease. This also addresses what the government is saying. By issuing this statement the governments of these regions are not only indicating that there is a risk of Zika infection, but they are also indicating that the populous is not in control of whether or not they will contract the virus. If the government thought the disease were preventable by the civilians' efforts to stay safe then they would have released a statement indicating people to remain extra safe during pregnancy or if there is risk women may become pregnant. This is a showcase of how the Virus' spread is actually not able to be contolled by the people.

    2. The rapid spread of Zika virus in the Americas, where there is little population immunity, is a major concern, especially given the possible link between infection during pregnancy and the congenital abnormality microcephaly

      Ingrid Torjesen's claim is that this outbreak of Zika virus that is currently occurring in the Americas (primarily South America) is something that the world should be incredibly concerned about.

    3. Margaret Chan, WHO’s director general, said, “Although a causal link between Zika infection in pregnancy and microcephaly has not been established, the circumstantial evidence is suggestive and extremely worrisome. An increased occurrence of neurological syndromes, noted in some countries coincident with arrival of the virus, adds to the concern.”

      The Author brings the statement of the World Health Organization's director general to support her claim and justify the exact severity of this outbreak. The quoted Margaret Chan also speaks to the fact that a direct linkage of the disease during pregnancy to microcephaly has not yet been established, but it is largely observed and should also be worried about. Linkage of microcephaly would appear in the form of birth defects, neurological problems, and death of a newborn baby that has been affected by this disease. Microcephaly would also include linkage to Guillain-Barre.

    4. Zika virus outbreaks prompt warnings to pregnant women

      Torjesen, Ingrid. "Zika Virus Outbreaks Prompt Warnings To Pregnant Women." BMJ: British Medical Journal 352.8042 (2016): i500-2. Academic Search Premier. Web. 8 Mar. 2016.

  10. content.ebscohost.com.ezproxy2.library.colostate.edu:2048 content.ebscohost.com.ezproxy2.library.colostate.edu:2048
    1. The Missouri Task force onGender Bias, for example, found that enforcement of rape shield laws was unevenand that even provisions that made it onto the books were not always enforce

      This looks really bad for law enforcement in the case that they would ever try to defend themselves against these allegations. This is also just more proof of the author's claims that there is a biased against women not only in a courtroom, but also in a police station where people should feel safe.

    2. Even worse, women sometimes have to deal with police who do not even want torecognize what happened to them. The case of Susan Estrich, a rape survivor andlaw professor, is instructive. In retelling her own rape victimization, Estrich reportsthat the police ‘‘asked me if he took any money. He did; but while I remembervirtually every detail of that day and night, I can’t remember how much. But Iremember their answer. He did take money; that made it an armed robbery. Muchbetter than a rape. They got right on the radio with that’’

      In the case of Susan Estrich, it seems pretty obvious that the police didn't really focus on what actually happened when she was raped, but they focused more on the fact that it was an armed robbery which was "much better than a rape."

    3. ORIGINAL ARTICLEMisogyny: It’s Still the Law—An Empirical Assessmentof the Missouri Juvenile Court System’s Processingof Rape and Robbery Offenders

      McGuire, M., Steve Donner, and Elizabeth Callahan. "Misogyny: It's Still The Law-An Empirical Assessment Of The Missouri Juvenile Court System's Processing Of Rape And Robbery Offenders." Gender Issues 29.1-4 (2012): 1-24. Academic Search Premier. Web. 8 Mar. 2016.

      McGuire, Donner, and Callahan argue that the bias against women can be recognized in a court of law specifically in cases of rape and robbery in the first degree. They focus on and examine forcible rape and robbery cases specifically in Missouri's juvenile court system.

    4. Patriarchal societies have long used their legalsystems to subjugate and control women in a variety of ways including prohibitingthem from owning property or other economic assets, denying them access toeducation and restricting their participation in the political system

      This particular sentence can be related to the case of Kesha Sebert v. Lukasz Gottwald. Kesha was recently denied a preliminary injunction that would ultimatley free her from her contract with Gottwald. She claimed to have been physically and emotionally abused by the music producer. The highlighted sentence is basically saying that women don't have control over bad things that may happen to them, the court of law does. While Kesha is not prohibited from owning property or other economic assets, she is still being restricted by having to continue to work under her alleged assailant. That being said, an important inquiry question comes to mind. Is a piece of paper really more important than a human being's physical and emotional health?

    5. Even after rape was recognized as a crime of violence against women andwomen’s rights to their own bodily integrity were acknowledged, the legal systemremained primarily concerned with protecting men from false accusations notwomen from sexual violenc

      The problem with Kesha's situation is there is not hard, solid evidence that her allegations actually happened. Gottwald has spoken out and claimed that her accusations were false and he didn't know why she would even say that. Is it possible that the court was protecting him from these false accusations?

    6. Gend. Issues (2012) 29:1–24

      "Gender Issues." - Springer. Springer US, n.d. Web. 08 Mar. 2016.

      This article is issue 1 of volume 29 of "Gender Issues." "Gender Issues" targets four main points in the articles within. Contributors try to understand gender socialization, personality and behavior in context. They explore relationships such as friendships, romantic relationships and professional relationships. They analyze how gender identity, expression and relations are impacted by economic, legal and social changes. Lastly, authors interpret these impacts on the roles of people throughout the world.

    7. Gend. Issues (2012) 29:1–24

      "Gender Issues." - Springer. Springer US, n.d. Web. 08 Mar. 2016.

      This article is issue 1 of volume 29 of "Gender Issues." "Gender Issues" targets four main points in the articles within. Contributors try to understand gender socialization, personality and behavior in context. They explore relationships such as friendships, romantic relationships and professional relationships. They analyze how gender identity, expression and relations are impacted by economic, legal and social changes. Lastly, authors interpret these impacts on the roles of people throughout the world.

    8. Even after rape was recognized as a crime of violence against women andwomen’s rights to their own bodily integrity were acknowledged, the legal systemremained primarily concerned with protecting men from false accusations notwomen from sexual violence

      The problem with Kesha's situation is there is not hard, solid evidence that her allegations actually happened. Gottwald has spoken out and claimed that her accusations were false and he didn't know why she would even say that. Is it possible that the court was protecting him from these false accusations?

    9. Patriarchal societies have long used their legalsystems to subjugate and control women in a variety of ways including prohibitingthem from owning property or other economic assets, denying them access toeducation and restricting their participation in the political system

      This particular sentence can be related to the case of Kesha Sebert v. Lukasz Gottwald. Kesha was recently denied a preliminary injunction that would ultimatley free her from her contract with Gottwald. She claimed to have been physically and emotionally abused by the music producer. The highlighted sentence is basically saying that women don't have control over bad things that may happen to them, the court of law does. While Kesha is not prohibited from owning property or other economic assets, she is still being restricted by having to continue to work under her alleged assailant. That being said, an important inquiry question comes to mind. Is a piece of paper really more important than a human being's physical and emotional health?

    10. Misogyny: It’s Still the Law—An Empirical Assessmentof the Missouri Juvenile Court System’s Processingof Rape and Robbery Offenders

      McGuire, M., Steve Donner, and Elizabeth Callahan. "Misogyny: It's Still The Law-An Empirical Assessment Of The Missouri Juvenile Court System's Processing Of Rape And Robbery Offenders." Gender Issues 29.1-4 (2012): 1-24. Academic Search Premier. Web. 8 Mar. 2016.

      McGuire, Donner, and Callahan argue that the bias against women can be recognized in a court of law specifically in cases of rape and robbery in the first degree. They focus on and examine forcible rape and robbery cases specifically in Missouri's juvenile court system.

    1. complexion

      lorem

    2. Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?

      Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.

    1. Dylan Ruan

      Dylan Ruan is an Environmental Communication and Media Strategy major from the University of California, Santa Barbara. Most of his work focuses consists of taking notable faculty researchers and publicizing their work through written publication. https://www.linkedin.com/in/dylanruan

      "The Santa Barbara Independent is a true community newspaper with a market penetration higher than almost every other "alternative" weekly in the country" (Reliable Popular Source). http://www.independent.com/history/

      The newspaper has continually grown over the years and penetrates a wide variety of audiences. They report using a unique voice that resonates with independent and involved individuals in the community. It is an innovative newspaper, that knows how to properly report current events.

    2. Meng described El Niño’s rippling effects as impacting one region of the world after another.

      This source might help me going forward with research because it is showing me how one thing can effect everything. It is a chain of both societal and environmental impacts. I should research the effects on each chain if climate change continues to be a big problem.

    3. “We also know that the broader the coverage of a cap-and-trade program, the less costly it’s going to be to make the same amount of reduction,” Meng said of achieving carbon reductions around the world.

      This is a global solution. It helps to see how solutions to the problems with effect a global audience rather than just a local one. This helps to show the big picture for Meng' s work.

      I would be interested in researching other solutions that could be used to reach a more global audience as well.

      This is also an audience appeal as he is showing how Meng's innovations are universally helpful. He is working to better the world, not just a specific nation.

    4. The Carbon Market and Global Climate Issues UCSB’s Kyle Meng Discusses Environmental Economics

      Ruan, Dylan. "The Carbon Market and Global Climate Issues." Santa Barbara Independent 1 Mar. 2016: n. pag. Web.

      Ruan claims that UCSB's Kyle Meng is focusing on creating a future where "climate change is battled with market-based solutions". Moreover, that climate change can be addressed using environmental economics.

    5. Because this consequence is experienced by someone else — the environment, humans on other continents, or animals — there is little obvious incentive for many of us to reduce carbon emissions. One solution to this problem is to put a price on pollution.

      By showing a possible solution to the problem, Ruan establishes early on the credibility in Meng's work. His solution is backed by his vast understanding of economics as he explains to the audience how it would benefit society to put a price of pollution. In doing this, reduction of activity would occur, in turn causing carbon emissions to become reduced.

    6. Meng believes that environmental economics “is fundamentally about harnessing the power of markets to address environmental problems.”

      This is what "they" are saying. Ruan is articulating Meng's philosophy to the audience. Meng, who is well versed in economics and the environment, specifically climate change and market-based solutions, is showing how we can use the market to help fix the environment. Meng addresses primarily two ways economics can be used to bring communities together to reduce emissions. He also addresses environmental effects like El Nino that can have dramatic repercussions if not properly analyzed and helped.

    7. Meng’s research also focuses on the potential impacts of climate change, which he tries to understand by looking to the recent past, such as the global climatic phenomenon known as El Niño

      Another example to help establish credibility falls within Meng's research of a past climate change event, El Nino. Most of the time to better gain understanding of a particular problem and its solutions, a person should look at the past to address what worked and what didn't. This will save both time and money and help in deciding future actions of climate change.

    8. These major agricultural losses, he observed, have the potential to lead to an increased amount of civil unrest and conflict within tropical nations.

      I would be interested in further researching potential conflicts between tropical nations. How prevalent has this issue been and has it ended up causing big conflicts in the past?

    1. Belyy, Vladislav, and Ahmet Yildiz. "Processive cytoskeletal motors studied with single-molecule fluorescence techniques." FEBS letters 588.19 (2014): 3520-3525.

    2. Crystallographic work later showed that this inhibition occurs via a tail-mediated crosslinking of the two motor domains, preventing the separation of the two heads required for neck linker undocking [12]. Similar autoinhibitory mechanisms appear to be present in kinesin-2 [13], kinesin-3 [14], and myosin V [15], [16] and [17] motors.

      Would the inhibition of the motor domains effect the organism as a hole? What would be the effects of inhibition on a consumer product? Would there be any adverse side effects?

    3. Observing the motors directly in real time allows for measurement of a number of fundamental properties.

      A detailed measurement like this will reveal information useful to learn about how kinesin, dyenin, and myosin move. All of the evidence and explanations for this is included in the article as well as citations to where the information can be found and explained in more detail.

    4. For a more detailed understanding of the motor’s mechanism, it is invaluable to know its stepping pattern – the manner in which the heads move with respect to one another as the motor walks down its track.

      The authors claim that it is extremely important to understand how cytoskeletons move along their paths. By knowing more about how they move, we can find out how speed as well as number of steps affects mechanisms. This article will explain and explore how this works to give us a better understanding of how and why it works the way it does.

    5. Vladislav Belyya, Ahmet Yildiz

      Both of the authors of this article are credible writers. They are both part of physics and biology departments at Berkeley University in California. Their degrees prove that they know what they are taking about.

    6.  

      This article is posted on an online database called www.sciencedirect.com. This helps prove the credibility of the article because this website only posts scholarly articles and book chapters related to scientific topics.

    7. Processive cytoskeletal motors studied with single-molecule fluorescence techniques

      The audience for this article would be people interested in the topic with previous information about the subject. It is expected that the audience already knows the basics of the mechanisms studied. This is necessary to be able to explain a topic like this in a way detailed enough to prove and explain its points. As this is a strictly scientific article there is no bias, and the authors are just presenting and explaining the facts.

    1. “For more than 15 years, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, state wildlife agencies, tribes, conservation organizations, ranchers and other landowners have worked hard to recover gray wolves in the Northern Rocky Mountains. Our collective efforts have brought this population to the point where it no longer requires Endangered Species Act protection,” stated Tom Strickland, Assistant Secretary for Fish and Wildlife and Parks for the Department of the Interior.  “The Service’s decision to delist the wolf in Idaho and Montana reflected the strong commitments from the states of Idaho and Montana to manage gray wolves in a sustainable manner. Today’s ruling makes it clear this wolf population cannot be delisted until the State of Wyoming has instituted an adequate management program, similar to those of Idaho and Montana.”

      I also agree with this quote, which shows a possible compromise: Wyoming's plans be changed to be similar to Idaho and Montana while a regulation of wolf hunting is required.

    2. Montana and Idaho’s plans were approved in 2003, but Wyoming’s plan that would have categorized wolves as predators in much of the state allowing a “shoot on sight” policy was rejected.  Some compromises were made and, in spring 2008, the FWS announcement to delist the species was met by an immediate lawsuit by environmental organizations. 

      Wyoming's wolves are constantly in danger with the aforementioned "shoot on sight" policy, whether the animal is just wandering or actually taking livestock. With this policy, any hunter or farmer, or civilian, would all go on an endless wolf hunting spree, rapidly decreasing the wolf population and setting the wolf conservation back to its original position (endangered species to possibly extinction).

    3. Environmental groups once again filed suite but their request for injunction to halt the hunts in Montana and Idaho was denied on the grounds that the hunts would not do irreparable harm to the population as a whole.

      This is typically true. Overpopulation of wolves need to be taken care of; there will be no prey species left and environmental problems could occur. Issues such as, forest (plus other nature-based species), prey and predator species' would deteriorate.

    4. in Wyoming. That state was excluded from the delisting because its wolf management plan, that would allow unrestricted killing of wolves outside the northwest part of the state, was not approved by the FWS. 

      I agree with this decision by the FWS because Wyoming does not have a good, ethical, and (population-wise) humane way in dealing with their wolves. Unrestricted killing would place the grey wolves back on the ESL and the whole cycle would start again.

    5. In addition, Montana wolf program coordinator Carolyn Sime suggested that one option under consideration would be application for a federal permit to conduct a research hunt. 

      The author is giving another inside perspective of a state's possible solution to sate every side.

    6. States are now scrambling to come up with alternatives to manage wolf populations.

      Now the author is giving solutions to the reader(s) to show that something is being done and using pathos.

    7. Judge Molloy’s recent decision was met with frustration by the state and federal wildlife management agencies. “For more than 15 years, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, state wildlife agencies, tribes, conservation organizations, ranchers and other landowners have worked hard to recover gray wolves in the Northern Rocky Mountains. Our collective efforts have brought this population to the point where it no longer requires Endangered Species Act protection,” stated Tom Strickland, Assistant Secretary for Fish and Wildlife and Parks for the Department of the Interior.  “The Service’s decision to delist the wolf in Idaho and Montana reflected the strong commitments from the states of Idaho and Montana to manage gray wolves in a sustainable manner. Today’s ruling makes it clear this wolf population cannot be delisted until the State of Wyoming has instituted an adequate management program, similar to those of Idaho and Montana.”

      The author is using a quote to use ethos from an inside perspective of the FWS. The author is showing the side where grey wolves do not need to be on the ESL any longer from the FWS and communities' efforts to reestablish wolf populations in the area.

    8. Montana and Idaho’s hunts proceeded last fall with 72 killed in Montana and 188 killed in Idaho.  At the end of last year, the wolf population in the Northern Rocky Mountain Recovery Area, which comprises parts of Montana, Idaho, and Wyoming, was estimated to be at least 1,706, with 242 packs, and 115 breeding pairs.

      The author gives statistical facts so the reader can piece their own opinions.

    9. Judge Molloy foreshadowed that he felt that the FWS had broken the law by delisting wolves in Montana and Idaho but keeping them listed in Wyoming.

      Hints back to the claim

    10. Environmental groups once again filed suite but their request for injunction to halt the hunts in Montana and Idaho was denied on the grounds that the hunts would not do irreparable harm to the population as a whole.

      The author shows the other side of the argument without giving their own insight yet.

    11. The tug-of-war over wolf management in the Northern Rockies began when the FWS recovery goal for the species was reached in 2002 and proposed delisting was contingent upon acceptable state management plans.  Montana and Idaho’s plans were approved in 2003, but Wyoming’s plan that would have categorized wolves as predators in much of the state allowing a “shoot on sight” policy was rejected.  Some compromises were made and, in spring 2008, the FWS announcement to delist the species was met by an immediate lawsuit by environmental organizations.  In summer 2008, Judge Molloy granted a preliminary injunction to the organizations halting hunting seasons that were being planned by the state fish and wildlife agencies.  Then, in September of that year, the FWS placed the Northern Rockies population back on the endangered species list to re-evaluate the science and allow the states to amend their management plans. In spring 2009, the FWS—under a new Administration—officially classified the wolf population in the Northern Rocky Mountains as a distinct population segment and authorized the delisting of the animals throughout the region except for in Wyoming. That state was excluded from the delisting because its wolf management plan, that would allow unrestricted killing of wolves outside the northwest part of the state, was not approved by the FWS. 

      The author is giving background information and increases credibility with it presented. The information is given without the author being biased yet.

    12. The record in this case implies that the Service tried to find a pragmatic solution to the legal problem raised by the inadequacy of Wyoming's regulatory mechanisms, and Wyoming's choices about meaningful participation in a collective delisting agreement like that engaged in by Montana and Idaho. Even if the Service's solution is pragmatic, or even practical, it is at its heart a political solution that does not comply with the ESA.

      The author is showing one side of the argument, that FWS is not allowed to make decisions of that caliber.

    13. The judge ruled that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service’s (FWS) decision to turn management over to the states of Idaho and Montana but to keep Endangered Species Act (ESA) protection in Wyoming was a political rather than a biological decision.

      This is the article's argument and claim: to discuss FWS's decision on what states were allowed to have grey wolves on and off the ESL.

    14. U.S. District Judge Donald Molloy

      Important source and increases credibility and reliability because of Molloy's power as a judge for the United States.

    15. Grey Wolves Back on the Endangered Species List

      "Wildlife Management Institute." Wildlife Management Institute. Wildlife Management Institute. Web. 06 Mar. 2016. http://www.wildlifemanagementinstitute.org/index.php?option=com_content.

    16. The Outdoor News Bulletin was first issued by the Wildlife Management Institute in 1946. It was produced bi-monthly until 1991 and has been released monthly since then. Until 2006, the ONB was distributed by paid subscription and as hard copy. It now is sent out via email, RSS syndication and posted here at no cost to readers.The ONB reports on select, significant issues, circumstances and other information that bear on the professional management of wildlife and related natural resources. For most of its history, it was targeted to outdoor media — to identify and clarify key subjects for their interest and potential further scrutiny and outreach to the public. The outdoor media still represent an important audience, but the ONB also reaches administrators, educators, researchers, communicators and others within the conservation community. The coverage typically amounts to news items or encapsulated reports, but there are occasional, detailed articles. Nearly all copy is generated by WMI staff and contractors. The ONB is edited by Jodi Stemler.WMI does not require request for permission for others to reproduce or reprint ONB content.WMI welcomes new readers and values comments from all readers on its overall coverage and individual topics.

      This gives this article and website credibility for the information and articles they write to the public. It is a popular scholarly source.

    17. Grey Wolves Back on the Endangered Species List

      This author (the name nor publication date is not posted) is giving a title that is neither supporting wolves on the ESL nor are they against it. They show no bias. However, considering the website (I could not highlight the website title "Wildlife Management Institute", otherwise this part of the post would have been separate), this author must be a pro-wolf supporter.

    1. The WWF is run at a local level by the following offices... WWF Global

      WWF or World Wildlife Fund, not to be confused with the one with oiled up wrestlers and bad acting, has been around for 20+ years. They are an international organization the fights for the protection of animal species and habitat. They are deeply invested in the rainforest but now have branches in all parts or the world.

    2. African rhinos

      "African Rhinos" WWF. web. March 5 2016. <wwf.panda.org>

    3. Wildlife Crime Initiative

      This link leads to a page with a bit stronger tone on the topic of poaching.

    4. 9,000% since 2007 - from 13 to a record 1,215 in 2014.

      I cannot verify these facts. They are listed to promote sympathy and action from the audience. I'll i know is the math is correct.

    5. Asian

      Here the other specific stake holder is addressed. The Asian culture is the main consumer of Rhino horns. The claims of the horn's powers are the main driver. Claims range from sexual prowess to curing cancer to status symbols. All in all bad if you are a Rhino.

      If a Rhino horn really did cure cancer would it be fair to harvest then? If you or someone you loved had cancer, wouldn't you try anything to fix it?

    6. Why rhinos matter

      This appeals to all, Animal activists, global activists, econimists and humanitarians. Everything has a part to play in life. If the world loses one part it affects the rest of the world, sometimes in ways we never even though possible. Its almost always negative.

    7. European

      European settlers have made a habit out of this. The author includes this not only as a historical reference but knows it should ring a bell with all Americans that have ever heard the story of the American West. We almost drove the American Bison to extinction for their hides. They numbered over 150 million in number and before regulations were put in place declined to only thousands.<br> History will repeat it's self if given the chance.

    8. Indeed, the white rhino has been brought back from the brink of extinction. However, both species are again at risk due to a huge surge in poaching to meet demand for illegal rhino horn, primarily in Asia. Countries and conservationists are stepping up their efforts but record numbers of rhinos are currently being killed.

      The claim is simple, we (the organization) are winning but the fight is not over yet and the audience's help is required. The audience appeal is to people concerned with the world's balance and animal lovers... hopefully ones with deep pockets.

    1. Women need to be given the power to manage their own pregnancies.

      The author gives directly her argument that women should manage not only contraceptives, but also abortion. She claims that abortion is a right.

    2. Public health clinics in poor communities rarely offer either the blood test that detects the presence of the virus or the ultrasound that can diagnose birth defects. We in Brazil need to know their stories to repair the harm inflicted by the government’s negligence in controlling the outbreak.

      It shows poor women’s reality in Brazil that they have little opportunity to get a birth defect examination whether their fetus is infected by Zika virus or not in public health clinics. The author urges the government to provide financial support and social medical services for the poor women.

    3. The poor women who are most likely to contract Zika face tremendous barriers to getting safe abortions. They are forced to carry their pregnancies in fear.

      In this sentence, the author premises her main argument that women need to be given the power to have safe and legal abortion.

    4. In abortion, too, Brazil’s economic inequality is a factor: Wealthy women can pay to secure safe abortions; most women can’t. Advertisement Continue reading the main story Advertisement Continue reading the main story

      Although abortion is illegal in Brazil, wealthy woman can have an abortion in protected and safe conditions. It is a striking contrast from women in poverty who does not have enough money to get a secure abortion. The audience reconfirm the true picture of Brazil’s severe social inequality phenomenon.

    5. In 2010, I conducted a national survey that found that by age 40, one in five Brazilian women had had at least one abortion. The overwhelming majority of these abortions were illegal and performed in unsafe conditions.

      The author claims that Brazil prohibits abortion in law, but 25% of Brazilian women had received an abortion at least one time in illegal and dangerous conditions. Though she has some persuasive points, her delivery could have been more effective by suggesting accurate evidences. She bases her argument on a national survey, but she does not state what exact name of the survey is or how many participants were enrolled in. Her lack of evidence discredits her claim and it cannot satisfy the needs of her audience who want to an accurate information about Brazil. Therefore, the author should reinforce her rhetorical strategies by developing logos.

    6. The Zika epidemic has given Brazil a unique opportunity to look at inequality and reproductive rights, and to change how the country treats women.

      The author presents a problem that Brazil government’s action against Zika virus. She criticizes their short-range policy which urges women not to fall pregnant without providing any education or information about birth control methods.

    7. The women at greatest risk of contracting Zika live in places where the mosquito is part of their everyday lives, where mosquito-borne diseases like dengue and chikungunya were already endemic. They live in substandard, crowded housing in neighborhoods where stagnant water, the breeding ground for disease-carrying mosquitoes, is everywhere. These women can’t avoid bites: They need to be outdoors from dawn until dusk to work, shop and take care of their children. And they are the same women who have the least access to sexual and reproductive health care.

      Brazil is one of the countries which have worst gap between the rich and the poor in the world. The author claims that Zika virus is a key indicator about social inequality of Brazil. Young, poor, black and brown women who live close to slum area are exposed to great danger of Zika. Also, they have fewer opportunities to access to sexual and reproductive health care. It is heart-breaking to me that the women who live in underprivileged backgrounds are also troubled with the epidemic. Brazil government should prepare measures not only focus on focuses on Zika, but also resolve social inequality in a long-term policy.

    8. My friends who are planning to have children soon are worried about Zika. But they don’t need to be too concerned. In our well-to-do neighborhood in Brasília, the capital, there has not been a single case of a baby with the birth defects associated with the Zika epidemic. As far as I know, not one woman here has even been infected by the virus.

      It is a very interesting fact that the affluent area in Brazil is perfectly safe from Zika virus, but the author does not give any evidence about it. It lacks of audience appeals and she should reinforce her rhetorical strategies by developing logos. She just relies on her ethos at this point. Although the topic is Zika virus and Brazilian women’s right to choose, she has the Brazil Olympics 2016 in mind and indirectly promotes that Brasilia which is the capital of Brazil is not dangerous at all.

    9. I am a Brazilian woman.

      What authority the author speaks is her ethos. She can observe current Zika virus problem in the immediate vicinity, Brazil. So, she looks deeper into the problem with a different perspective than other authors. The audience may think her article is more credible than others because of her nationality, Brazilian.

  11. Feb 2016
    1. The Backlash Against Serial—and Why It's Wrong

      Friedersdorf, Conor. "The Backlash Against Serial -- and Why It's Wrong." The Atlantic. 3 Dec. 2014. Web. 18 Feb. 2016.

      Friedersdorf's claim is in the title: he argues that Koenig did a good job of reporting in Serial and that we should focus on the larger issue of making sure the truth is out there in order to get, in this example, justice for both Hae and Adnan.

    2. As Lindsay Beyerstein notes in The New York Observer

      Friedersdorf establishes credibility by referencing commenters on Kang's article as well as an author from The New York Observer, thereby making me trust that others hold his opinion as well. However, I wonder how cherry picked the quotes from the comments section are. I checked and there were a few who agreed with Kang's analysis.

    3. Let's get my biases out of the way

      Nice job of getting some refutations out there early on. This helps establish ethos in that Friedersdorf appears to be self-aware, although, as I pointed out in an earlier annotation, he is not entirely self-aware because he ignores his own point that there is usually some grain of truth in criticisms about white reporter privilege.

    4. As often as not, there is at least something to be learned from the critic.

      I agree with this point, and it's something I need to do further research on. After reading the article in full, I don't think Friedersdorf acknowledges what Koneig could learn from her critics. Instead, he focuses on undermining Kang's concerns about Serial. In my opinion, the takeaway for Koenig is to be more mindful of race and culture in her reporting, and to be sure to refer to credible authorities when she may not fully understand.

    5. They're worth addressing for two reasons.

      Friedersdorf tries to establish credibility right away by acknowledging the value in Kang's concerns.

    6. Conor Friedersdorf

      Conor Friedersdorf is a staff writer at The Atlantic, where he focuses on politics and national affairs. He lives in Venice, California, and is the founding editor of The Best of Journalism, a newsletter devoted to exceptional nonfiction. "Conor Friedersdorf"

      The Atlantic is a well-known magazine (a reliable popular source) known as "high quality review with a moderate worldview."

      One of the oldest and most respected of American reviews, The Atlantic Monthly was founded in 1857 by Moses Dresser Phillips and Francis H. Underwood. It has long been noted for the quality of its fiction and general articles, contributed by a long line of distinguished editors and authors.

    7. Most of all, the response to mistakes should never be to discourage white reporters from telling important stories.

      Here Friedersdorf gets to what's at stake in the big picture: according to Friedersdorf, it's important that people's stories are told. The truth needs to be out there, and it's dangerous to make reporters feel scared to tell someone else's story.

    8. What broadcast journalism show is telling these stories better? How many broadcasters are telling them at all? Are these episodes best characterized as exhaustively reported features told with care and empathy, or as stomping around communities the journalists don't understand? Would journalism or social justice be advanced if This American Life told fewer stories like these to its huge, influential audience—or would it be better if other broadcast journalism more resembled This American Life? What particular mistakes do these episodes make? Are they best noted specifically and constructively, or bundled under the vague label "white-privileged cultural tourism," which many of the subjects would dispute?

      Good questions here. I don't know where I stand on the issue and need to do further research. Just because This American Life is doing a better job than some news outlets doesn't mean it shouldn't be called out for its failings.

    9. None of this means that the disproportionate whiteness and lack of religious, ideological, and socioeconomic diversity in most American newsrooms isn't a problem that negatively affects the quality of journalistic output.

      Nice refutation here. Friedersdorf acknowledges that there is a wider problem with white reporter privilege, just not as much in this case.

    10. But even if we accept Kang's speculation

      It's a good idea to accept Kang's speculation even after disproving it because it shows that Friedersdorf is unbiased and truly taking Kang's opinion into account.

    11. It’s a total non sequitur.

      This is useful to see how someone calls an author out for a logical fallacy. It undermines Kang's ethos, the "they" to whom Friedersdorf is responding.

    1. How did human beings arrive in the world? • How were animals helpful? • What did twins do to create the world?

      1) The humans fell from heaven and came into the world with animals. 2) Animals cared for the human when she was ill and gave her a place to stay until she was healed. 3) The twins traveled the world to create environments and climates that humans could live in. This lead to mountains, trees, lakes, forest, rivers, etc.

  12. Jan 2016
    1. Native Americans passed stories down through the millennia that tell of their creation and reveal the contours of indigenous belief.

      Native Americans were the first group of people to be in North America, long before Columbus and the Europeans came. How could they take credit for finding this land first?

      1. Native Americans interacted with numerous people from all areas. This lead to the exchange of different resources, religions, labor ways, and ideas. These exchanges often sealed social and political relationships. It allowed the people who gave to earn prestige and placed an obligation to those they gave to. That was how the relationship was sealed. One person did a favor and the other must reciprocate.
      2. All European nations began experiencing massive population growth after the black plague, which increased the economy and the demand for consumer goods. These demands lead to advances like ship building so sea merchants were able to compete with their fellow merchants. Growing economies lead to bigger kingdoms and powerful monarchs. These kingdom's could pull together the resources needed for large voyages. European nations were also interested in trading with the wealthiest countries allowing them to seek out the best trading routes.
      3. There was an increasing need for slaves and it had existed all the way back to the Roman Empire. The Portuguese became major purchasers and sellers of the slave trade allowing them to have influence on the way slave trading was done and the practice of it.
  13. Dec 2015
    1. ZFIN_ZDB-GENO-041129-1

      Database: ZFIN

      Species: Zebrafish

      Name: vu13Tg

      Background: unspecified

      Affected Gene: None

      Genomic Alteration: vu13Tg

      Phenotype: None

      Notes: None

      Reference:

      Availability: None

      Catalog ID: ZDB-GENO-041129-1

      Proper Citation: RRID:ZFIN_ZDB-GENO-041129-1


      resolver lookup

  14. Nov 2015
    1. Home Depot. Most people in the gun control lobby know nothing about firearms or their construction. Everything you need to manufacture firearms is available at Home Depot. The materials needed to manufacture a 12 gauge shotgun cost about $20. If someone wanted to build a fully automatic Mac-10 style submachine gun, it would probably cost about $60.

      Thesis: The possession of handgun by civilians should not be banned but proper restrictions should be introduced.

      This example showed that criminals can make their own guns to commit crimes, not necessarily buy gun in legal way. If they need guns, gun control could not stop them in a sense that they can make it themselves with cheaper prices, or buy it on black market.

    2. Poverty has a greater correlation to violent crime than access to firearms. Education and poverty are directly linked. In short, we don’t have a gun problem in the United States, we have a cultural problem.

      Thesis: The possession of handgun by civilians should not be banned but proper restrictions should be introduced.

      Very acute opinion. But the author stated that the relationship between gun control and crime rates is loosely connected. Education and poverty are the key to contribute to crimes committed. Personally, I think it is pretty true in a sense that we all know that education is one of the most influential factors that mold one's life.

    3. Gun bans have always had the same effect once implemented: none. They do not create a (sustained) period of increased murders, nor do they reduce the rate of homicides.

      Thesis: The possession of handgun by civilians should not be banned but proper restrictions should be introduced.

      The author pointed out that either gun and gun ban have no influence on crime rates. Anti-gun might pinpoint statistics about gun murder would have decreased when gun control is implemented. However, the author stated that gun control would only reduce gun murder rate, but not murder rate. Our goal should be reducing crime rates. So it is inappropriate to focus on gun murder rate merely rather than the whole picture.

  15. Sep 2015
    1. If the state moved heaven and earth to create capitalism, what will stop it doing the same to ensure its survival and creating some kind of techno-fascism – less a transition motor and more a whack-a-mole game, bashing non-capitalist initiatives on the head as they emerge?
    2. Abundance is already here – we have enough stuff but don't share it properly. Loads of people are already in bullshit jobs that don't need to happen – and technology hasn't changed that until now.
  16. Aug 2015
  17. www.google.co.uk www.google.co.uk
    1. to create dummy text for all layout needs.

      gggggggggggg

  18. Jul 2015
  19. Apr 2015
  20. Jan 2015
    1. los fenómenos urbanos son hoy una consecuencia del desarrollo de las relaciones capitalistas a nivel mundial y en cada una de las realidades nacionales y regionales
    2. etrás de la urbanización, detrás de la ciudad, encontramos dos tipos de procesos estr ucturales fundamentales: los de la acumulación capitalista y los de la dominación propios de es a forma social.
  21. Apr 2014
    1. a blasted heath.—It’s a Hyperborean winter scene.—It’

      谁谁谁谁谁谁

  22. Feb 2014
    1. Chapter 1, The Art of Community We begin the book with a bird’s-eye view of how communities function at a social science level. We cover the underlying nuts and bolts of how people form communities, what keeps them involved, and the basis and opportunities behind these interactions. Chapter 2, Planning Your Community Next we carve out and document a blueprint and strategy for your community and its future growth. Part of this strategy includes the target objectives and goals and how the community can be structured to achieve them. PREFACE xix Chapter 3, Communicating Clearly At the heart of community is communication, and great communicators can have a tremendously positive impact. Here we lay down the communications backbone and the best practices associated with using it

      Reading the first 3 chapters of AoC for discussion in #coasespenguin on 2013-02-11.

  23. Sep 2013
    1. The reason, as I conceive, is that the makers of laws are the majority who are weak; and they make laws and distribute praises and censures with a view to themselves and to their own interests;

      Interesting. I disagree partly, but also see how this relates to the 1% and how they "frame" the information and policies going to the public. Interesting.