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Check-list of common particles

GMW=D. Simon Evans Grammar of Middle Welsh (Dublin, 1964)

Y

• definite article (yr before vowels and h), GMW 24.
• unstressed possessive pronoun, masc. or fem., sing. or pl., GMW 53.
• preposition 'to' (inflected forms, GMW 60; can take infixed pronoun).
• oblique relative particle, used when relative stands in genitival relationship, or is governed by a preposition, adverb, or nominal predicate. GMW 64ff.
• conjunction 'that' (yd before vowels), GMW 171.
• y (4) + y (2 or 5) = y.
• affirmative preverbal particle (also appears as yd, ydd, ytt), GMW 171.

A

• affirmative preverbal particle, especially to support infixed pronoun, GMW 171.
• relative pronoun/particle, GMW 172.
• preposition 'with' (can take infixed pronoun), GMW 181.
• conjunction 'and' (can take infixed pronoun), GMW 230.
• variant of 'o', preposition 'of, from', GMW 205.
• interrogative particle, GMW 174.
• vocative particle (interjection), GMW 245.
• 3 sing. pres. ind. of 'mynet', GMW 132.

O

• preposition 'of, from' (inflected forms, GMW 59); can take infixed pronoun.
• conjunction 'if', GMW 240.
• interjection 'alas', GMW 245.
• in composite prepositions, GMW 205-6.

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