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- Jul 2023
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The notion of functional integration as a basis for biological identity was fully developed only in the 19th century, where it was transformed by the rise of both cell and evolutionary theory. Herbert Spencer
- Herbert Spencer fully developed Digby's concept into the modern concept of functional integration
- Spencer introduced the term "survival of the fittest"
- ‘He tried to unite complex new findings about metabolism and organismic development with evolution and the seeming correspondence of organisms to their environments.
- In The Principles of Biology (1864), Spencer wrote
- a biological individual is one in which
- the interdependence of the parts allows it to function and
- respond to environmental change as a whole.
- That is: ‘any concrete whole having a structure which enables it,
- when placed in appropriate conditions,
- In The Principles of Biology (1864), Spencer wrote
- to continuously adjust its internal relations to external relations, - so as to maintain the equilibrium of its functions.’
- Herbert Spencer fully developed Digby's concept into the modern concept of functional integration
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