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Limestone & Karst Terrain The Valley’s abundant limestone is evidence that the area was once under ocean water, long before the tectonic plates collided. Limestone forms in warm, shallow seas when generations of tiny sea creatures die and accumulate on the ocean floor, later to compress into solid rock. Karst Because of its limestone base, the Shenandoah Valley is karst, a terrain type with distinctive landforms and water resources. Slightly acidic water wore through the bedrock over many millions of years, leaving caves, caverns, and sinkholes. Streams and springs disappear and reappear over time. Aquifers Water that filters through the rocks collects in underground reservoirs, or aquifers. Aquifers are underground rock layers filled with groundwater in the spaces between fractured limestone, silt, gravel, and sand. Aquifers closer to the surface, used for irrigation and drinking water, are re-charged by rainwater. They are very useful but also extremely vulnerable to contamination. Caves & Caverns The water that dissolves limestone and other soluble rocks in the Shenandoah Valley leaves behind caves and caverns. In some caves and caverns, the deposits of dissolved minerals left by dripping water make the features of stalactites, stalagmites, and columns. Luray Caverns, a National Natural Landmark in the Valley, is ornately decorated with cascades, columns, stalactites, stalagmites and pools. Other Rocks & Minerals Many rocks and minerals occupy the Shenandoah Valley besides limestone. Other sedimentary rocks in the region are sandstone, shale, and coal. There are igneous rocks like granite, gabbro, and basalt, and metamorphic rocks like slate, gneiss, and quartzite. Manganese, iron ores, zinc, lead, sulfur, gypsum, and pyrite are relatively common Shenandoah Valley minerals. The Valley yields small amounts of oil and natural gas. Also present is red clay, an oceanic sediment with iron oxide, along with fossils of sea creatures like brachiopods and trilobites.
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- Jul 2024
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for - sustainable building - phase change material - PCM - DIY - wearable cooling vest - phase change material - PCM
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royaldanishacademy.com royaldanishacademy.com
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for - sustainable building - PCM - phase change material
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- Jan 2024
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docdrop.org docdrop.org
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for - building - material - earth - Elisabetta Carnevale - BC Materials - Cycle Terre - Joseph Colzani - Center of the Earth
summary - A good outline of contemporary earth building techniques.
to - Cycle Terre - https://hyp.is/p2mdqLuTEe6W0XcNljBbWA/www.cycle-terre.eu/mise-en-oeuvre/les-materiaux/ - BC Material - https://hyp.is/BY5_nLuVEe6v4-dubnc59A/bcmaterials.org/ - BC Material Studies - https://hyp.is/BY5_nLuVEe6v4-dubnc59A/bcmaterials.org/ - Joseph Colzani and Center of the Earth - https://hyp.is/YvQIeLu4Ee6DACOMT1xOdw/www-centredeterre-fr.translate.goog/le-centre-de-terre/?_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=fr&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=sc
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in general countries tend to excavate enormous volumes of earth and this earth is incredibly considered as a waste material
for - circular economy - building - excavation waste - circular economy - construction - excavation waste - key insight - repurpose excavation waste as building material
key insight - She makes an pretty important observation about the inefficiency of current linear construction process - The excavation part requires enormous amounts of energy, and the earth that is excavated is treated as waste that must be disposed of AT A COST! - Instead, with a paradigm shift of earth as a valuable building resource, the excavation PRODUCES the building materials! - This is precisely what BC Material's circular economy business model is and it makes total sense!<br /> - With a simple paradigm and perspective shift, waste is suddenly transformed into a resource! - waste2resource - waste-to-resource
new meme - Waste-2-Resource
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helioterra
for - helioterra - building - material - earth - phase change
Tags
- waste-2-resource
- BC Materials
- BC Materials studies
- new meme - waste2resource
- circular economy - building - excavation waste
- waste-to-resource
- building - material - earth - phase change
- key insight - repurpose excavation waste as building material
- Helioterra
- architect - Joseph Colzani - Center of the Earth
- architect - Elisabetta Carnevale
- building - material - earth
- circular economy construction - excavation waste
- Cycle Terre
- new meme - waste-to-resource
Annotators
URL
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- Dec 2020
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github.com github.com
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I think the main difference between the two are the way API are served. Some smelte components need you to input big chunk of json as props, while i prefer keep props as primitive types and in the other hand give you different components tags to compose.
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