optical nanostructures, surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy, flow cytometry, etc.) have shown promise as sensitive detection methods, they typically process only small, relatively clean samples. The true bottleneck to rapid detection methods remains the separation of a target analyte from a large complex matrix.

not suitable for process control in wastewater treatment and the real-time monitoring of water environments, such as rivers, streams, ponds, and ground water

Overall, the low contamination level of antibiotics and high absolute abundance of ARGs indicated that ARGs previously introduced to an environment can self-amplify and persist in the environment

We focus on how quorums are detected and how quorum sensing controls group behaviours in complex and dynamically changing environments such as multi-species bacterial communities, in the presence of flow, in 3D non-uniform biofilms and in hosts during infection.