During these meetings, Mr. Smith observed that millions of Americans,including millions of students, largely in rural communities, lack broadband internet access, which is a critical component of enabling success in today’s digital society. Microsoft’s research and community deployments1have shown that white spaces technology is a very effective toolfor expanding existing broadband networks into unserved or underserved communities. This is because white spaces technologies use a frequency band that permits network operators to extend wireless broadband signals significantly farther than other bands,while requiringless infrastructureand increasingaffordability. As a result, with white spacestechnologies, providers can expand their networks to serve communities where existing technologies are economically impractical to deploy.