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  1. Last 7 days
    1. A 22-year-old man complained of a shadow in his right eye and was diagnosed with retinal detachment secondary to a retinal hemangioblastoma. His family history was noncontributory and physical examination normal except for a right epididymal cyst. Laboratory studies were unremarkable. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of his brain revealed a hypervascular lesion in the medulla (large arrow; Figure A) and a smaller lesion at the medullary-spinal cord junction (small arrow; Figure A). A T2-weighted abdominal MRI demonstrated innumerable pancreatic cysts (Figure B) and multiple benign-appearing renal cysts. After surgical resection of the retinal hemangioblastoma, the patient remains asymptomatic. What is the diagnosis?

      PatientID: None

      KindredID: 1

      Case: M, 22Y0M, Ethnicity Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: No notable family history.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0000541; HP:0010797; HP:0009711; HP:0030424; HP:0005562; HP:0001737 (Retinal detachment, Hemangioblastoma, Retinal capillary hemangioblastoma, Epididymal cyst, Multiple renal cysts, Pancreatic cysts)

      CaseHPOFreeText: Complained of a shadow in his right eye and was diagnosed with retinal detachment secondary to a retinal hemangioblastoma. MRI of the brain revealed a hyper vascular lesion in the medulla and a smaller lesion at the medullary-spinal cord junction. Weighted abdominal MRI revealed innumerable pancreatic cysts and multiple benign-appearing renal cysts. After surgical resection of the retinal hemangioblastoma, the patient remains asymptomatic.

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.K159* (c.474_475insT)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: N/A

      CAID: CA432423112, https://reg.clinicalgenome.org/redmine/projects/registry/genboree_registry/allele?hgvsOrDescriptor=NM_000551.3%3Ac.474_475insT

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: Reported as: NT474INST. Authors state that this is believed to be a novel sporadic mutation.

      MutationType: insertion; plus_1_frameshift_variant; stop_gained

      CivicName: K159* (c.474_475insT)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. PatientID: 280

      KindredID: 110

      Case: M, 22Y0M, Chinese

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: The proband, patient 280, presented with a CNS hemangioblastoma at age 16, a retinal angioma at age 15, and multiple pancreatic cysts/tumors at age 22. Their father presented with a CNS hemangioblastoma at age 25, and retinal angioma at age 29.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0010797; HP:0001737; HP:0001732; HP:0009711 (Hemangioblastoma, Pancreatic cysts, Abnormality of the pancreas, Retinal capillary hemangioma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: The proband, patient 280, presented with a CNS hemangioblastoma at age 16, a retinal angioma at age 15, and multiple pancreatic cysts/tumors at age 22.

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0002666; HP:0005584 (Pheochromocytoma, Renal cell carcinoma)

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: This cohort was also published in a later paper by Wang et al., 2018 (PMID: 29330336).

      SupplementalData: Patient and family genotype-phenotype information is listed in Supplementary Table 1.

      Variant: Exon 2-3 Deletion (c.341-?_642+?del)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: N/A

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: exon_loss_variant

      CivicName: Exon 2-3 Deletion

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. PatientID: III-9

      KindredID: 1

      Case: F, 32Y0M, Ethnicity Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: Large multigenerational family with a history of both VHL and spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2). Screening for clinical and genetic diagnostics were gathered as well as thorough information on non-living members. See family pedigree (Fig. 1).

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0010797; HP:0009711; HP:0000541; HP:0002542; HP:0001737; HP:0000107; HP:0030405; HP:0001272; HP:0007366; HP:0010873; HP:0001251; HP:0001260; HP:0001310 (hemangioblastoma, Retinal capillar hemangioma, Retinal detachment, Olivopontocerebellar atrophy, Pancreatic cysts, Renal cyst, Pancreatic endocrine tumor, Cerebellar atrophy, Atrophy/Degeneration affecting the brainstem, Cervical spinal cord atrophy, Ataxia, Dysarthria, Dysmetria)

      CaseHPOFreeText: diagnosed with VHL in her early teenage years. She had retinal involvement beginning at the age of 13 treated by cryotherapy and laser therapy (presumably for retinal angiomas); and retinal detachment at the age of 23 requiring eye surgery. She had cysts of the pancreas and kidney detected at 22 years. She has also carried the diagnosis of OPCA since the age of 26-28 (new onset slurred speech and illegible handwriting). Patient had multiple renal cysts without renal tumours, however a large infiltrative enhancing mass in the tail of the pancreas was suggestive of a neuroendocrine/islet cell carcinoma, and liver metastatic foci

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.E160Sfs*10 (c.477delA)

      LegacyVariant: c.688delA

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: c.477del, p.Glu160Serfs10 should be used. Details: 477del same as 475delA bc that codon is AAA so doesn't matter which A gets deleted: there is an A at 475 476 477 so for HGVS we say that 477 (the latter) is deleted since that follows HGVS nomenclature. Thus use c.477del: p.Glu160Serfs10

      ClinVarID: 182959 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/182959/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: minus_1_frameshift_variant

      CivicName: E160fs (c.477del)

      MultipleGeneVariants: SCA2 (an abnormal increase in CAG repeats in one allele of her ataxin-2 gene. This abnormal trinucleotide expansion is consistent with the diagnosis of spinocerebellar ataxia type 2)

    1. DIP–22–22Renal cysts, pancreatic cyst, and accessory spleen1

      PatientID: IP (Proband)

      KindredID: D

      Case: F, 22Y0M, Hungarian

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: Index patient was a young woman who presented with cerebellar hemangioblastoma, multiple renal cysts, retinal detachment with vitreous hemorrhage, pancreatic cyst, spinal cord hemangiomas, and recurrence of the cerebellar lesion. Family members were not available for clinical and genetic screening, but family history revealed that the patient's father died of metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0006880; HP:0005562; HP:0001737; HP:0000541; HP:0007902; HP:0009713 (Cerebellar hemangioblastoma, Multiple renal cysts, Pancreatic cysts, Retinal detachment, Vitreous hemorrhage, Spinal hemangioblastoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: Patient underwent surgery for cerebellar hemangioblastoma at the age of 22 years. Multiple renal cysts and retinal detachment with vitreous hemorrhage were also observed. At the age of 26 years, pancreatic cyst, spinal cord hemangiomas, and recurrence of the cerebellar lesion were found. Diagnosed with VHL Type 1.

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0002666; HP:0009711; HP:0005584 (Pheochromocytoma, Retinal capillary hemangioma, Renal cell carcinoma)

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: Exon 2 Deletion (c.341-?_463+?del)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: N/A

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: exon_loss_variant

      CivicName: Exon 2 Deletion

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. two cases

      PatientID: P1

      KindredID: 1

      Case: F, 27Y0M, Ethnicity Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: The patient’s father, age 45, presented with right ccRCC and pancreatic cysts. The patient’s uncle, age 38, presented with unilateral ccRCC. Both the patient’s father and uncle were found to carry the mutation the patient carried.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0009726; HP:0001737 (Renal neoplasm, pancreatic cysts)

      CaseHPOFreeText: The patient presented with two right renal masses and several pancreatic cysts at 22Y.

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0010797; HP:0002666 (Hemangioblastoma, pheochromocytoma)

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: Full VHL phenotyping with brain and spine MRI, abdominal CT, biochemical examination for pheochromocytoma, and ophthalmologic assessments did not reveal any additional VHL manifestations.

      CasePreviousTesting: SDHB, SDHC, SDHD

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: (c.-77_-32del)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: The mutation was a deletion in the VHL 5’ UTR, including the promoter.

      ClinVarID: 433541, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/433541

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: 5_prime_UTR_variant

      CivicName: c.-77_-32del

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. nonsense mutations (6/16)

      PatientID: 9

      KindredID: 9

      Case: 25Y0M, Sex Unknown, Argentinian

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: No family history

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0010797; HP:0005584; HP:0001737; HP:0000107 (hemangioblastoma; renal cell carcinoma; pancreatic cysts; renal cyst)

      CaseHPOFreeText: Aged 25Y at diagnosis (genetic testing); fulfils type 1 VHL clinical diagnosis. CNS angiomas diagnosed at 22, ccRCC at 22Y, renal cysts and pancreatic cysts at 22Y (See Table 1 & 2).

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.R161* (c.481C>T)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 2217 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/2217/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: stop_gained

      CivicName: R161* (c.481C>T)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

  2. Oct 2026
    1. missense mutations (1/16)

      PatientID: 6

      KindredID: 6

      Case: 29Y0M, Sex Unknown, Argentinian

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: Positive family history

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0010797; HP:0009711; HP:0001737; HP:0000107 (hemangioblastoma; retinal capillary hemangioma; pancreatic cysts; renal cysts)

      CaseHPOFreeText: Aged 22Y at diagnosis (genetic testing); fulfils type 1 VHL clinical diagnosis. CNS and retinal hemangioblastoma was diagnosed at 22, pancreatic cysts and renal cysts were diagnosed at 29Y (See Table 1 & 2).

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: absence of pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma (pheo/pgl) after 14 years of follow-up.

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.C162W (c.486C>G)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 223227 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/223227/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant; transversion

      CivicName: C162W (c.486C>G)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A