functional assays
Chemiluminescence assays (measuring binding capacity)
VWF-collagen binding assay (CBA)
Electrophoresis (Western blot)
Bidirectional direct sequencing of PCR products
Paternity test
PCR and restriction assays to detect SNVs
in vitro expression of recombinant WT and p.P1127S VWF variants in HEK293 cells
Platelet aggregation studies
DDAVP test
Binding assays
Proteolysis assays
in silico modeling
Functional study methods:
WAVE DNA fragment analysis to screen for variant
VWF collagen binding activity
cone and plate analysis (CPA)
Microfluidics
static VWF-platelet receptor binding assay
protein expression in cultured HEK293 cell clones
Near and far-UV circular dichroism spectra
In the gap region, however, the collagen molecules are oriented approximately parallel to the unit cell c-axis (slightly tilted in the opposite direction to that of the overlap tilt).
overlap的collagen miolecule倾斜，gap近似平行于c?
microfibrils, which each comprise five 1D-staggered, twisted collagen triple helix molecules.
molecule-mircrofobril-then fibril
examined the structure of the collagen gap zone by analyzing the 3D electron density map created from existing X-ray data of hydrated type-I collagen fibrils32.
用X-ray看，为啥过了这么久没人做
Needles (~2 nm in width and ~10 nm in length, Supplementary Figs. 4 and 5) were observed at the tip of some platelets, which confirms previous observations2,12 and supports the hypothesis that the HAp platelets evolve from needle-like crystals.
needle
Keerthivasan, S., Şenbabaoğlu, Y., Martinez-Martin, N., Husain, B., Verschueren, E., Wong, A., Yang, Y. A., Sun, Y., Pham, V., Hinkle, T., Oei, Y., Madireddi, S., Corpuz, R., Tam, L., Carlisle, S., Roose-Girma, M., Modrusan, Z., Ye, Z., Koerber, J. T., & Turley, S. J. (2021). Homeostatic functions of monocytes and interstitial lung macrophages are regulated via collagen domain-binding receptor LAIR1. Immunity, 54(7), 1511-1526.e8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2021.06.012
Essential, far-reaching
The biochemical changes are impressive.
After one hour of treadmill running, increased collagen synthesis was detected in both Achilles tendons
Rapid induction of collagen synthesis!