Game elements and their pedagogical role Most games feature elements such as rules, goals, interaction, feedback, problem solving, competition, story, and fun (see Vandercruysse, Vandewaetere, & Clarebout, 2012). Though not all of the elements are needed to successfully gamify a learning activity, carefully selecting those elements that help meet the learning objectives of the course can be useful. The pedagogical value of game features often associated with gamification are discussed below.

Who invented gamification, and when did it start? Nick Pelling, computer programmer and investigative writer, coined the term "gamification" in 2002