- Apr 2023
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arxiv.org arxiv.org
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Much likeinsects, birds, and mammals independently developed wings to solve the problem of flight, bothhumans and AI may have developed similar mechanisms to effectively impute mental states toothers.
Well, insects, birds and mammals are natural products. AI is an engineered artefact. In that way I think it's more instructive to compare the human brain and AI to birds and airplanes.
Both airplanes and birds can fly but airplanes use a different mechanism. In many ways this mechanism is simpler and took humans 110 years less to fully understand and harness. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fg_JcKSHUtQ
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If this interpretationis correct, we would need to re-examine the validity of the widely used ToM tasks and theconclusions of the decades of ToM research: If AI can solve such tasks without engaging ToM,how can we be sure that humans cannot do so, too?
I like that the authors put this bold question out there.
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enable it to develop other abilities that rely onToM, such as empathy, moral judgment, or self-consciousness
Is that necessarily the case?
This seems to extrapolate from humans to AIs. It might be the case that AIs develop increasingly sophisticated ToM abilities without developing empathy etc.
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These findings suggest that ToM-like ability (thus far considered to beuniquely human) may have spontaneously emerged as a byproduct of language models’improving language skills.
How can we be sure that ToM is uniquely human?
What kind of tests have been administered on chimps, dolphins etc? We shouldn't equate that they're unable of ToM ability just because they can't tell us what they think some other being is thinking. (language barrier).
Moreover, ToM ability probably breaks down for humans if they have to infer what a member of another species is thinking (e.g Try to get a human to tell you what a chimp, dolphin or bat is thinking)
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arxiv.org arxiv.org
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Mathematically, kin selection only happens when the cost-benefit ratio isgreater than relatedness, and that will not be true between humans and AIs.
This is known as Hamilton's rule.
Formally, genes should increase in frequency when
$$rB>C$$
where
- r = the genetic relatedness of the recipient to the actor
- B = the additional reproductive benefit gained by the recipient of the altruistic act,
- C = the reproductive cost to the individual performing the act.
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everse-dominance hierarchies
In a reverse dominance hierarchy, individuals establish a hierarchy based on their willingness to cooperate and help others, rather than their ability to dominate or control others. In other words, individuals at the top of the hierarchy are those who are the most cooperative and helpful to others, while those lower in the hierarchy may be less cooperative or less helpful.
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