This includes off-chain custodial stablecoins like USDC or Facebook’s proposed Diem which use “holdings of fiat currency or high-quality liquid assets as a reserve,” asset-backed on-chain varieties like those created by the MakerDAO DeFi protocol, and “algorithmic” stablecoins that use smart contracts and token supply modifications to maintain a stable peg

Currently, USDC and Paxos publish monthly public auditor reports of the smart contract and of the reserve on their websites; to reduce fraud risk this process could be fully automated and even real-time.

Embedded supervision is a framework that provides for compliance to be automatically monitored by reading the ledger of a DLT-based market (see Graph 6). The ledger of a DLT-based market contains much information relevant for supervisory purposes. As such, it can be used to improve the quality of data available to the supervisor, while reducing the need for firms to actively collect, verify and report data to authorities.

FSB has called “global stablecoins” or the EU calls “significant stablecoins

esign and standardisation

Participatory agenda-setting in mission-driven innovation

RRI is the ongoing process of aligning research and innovation to the values, needs and expectations of society”

the citizen-costumer is king

In Stephenson's book,they consist of private corporations which have replaced the State in all its functions,competing to each other to provide goods and services.

namely self-sufficient agents derived from artificialintelligence and capable to execute tasks without human involvement, for which theblockchain can provide additional functionality.

hyper-political tools,

The null model was also used to generate Monte Carlo simulations for each country, which create a probability distribution of the expected requests in the ‘after’ period with no discontinuity.

This data is networked and controlled by two central panoptic collective actors: capital and the state

Information is non-rivalrousin consumption (as a resource, information is not used up when consumed). It is difficult to exclude others from access. Information can be easily copied. It is therefore an antagonistic commodity type that can be turned into a commodity, but that can also relatively easily resist commodification and be turned into a common good. Digital capitalism faces a contradiction between digital capital and the digital commons

The right of indigenous peoples to pursue development and cultural agendas in keeping with their self-determined aspirations and needs has been asserted by the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP). The reluctance of nation-states to recognise self-determination, let alone sovereignty, among the indigenous polities within their borders has been the subject of both critical commentary and advocacy. However, it is only recently that attention has been given to the kinds of internal expertise and institutions that are ne

This is yet another rendering of the‘extended order,’fully explicated by computer-mediation. Theelectronic text of the informated workplace has morphed into aworld-spanning living organism–an inter-operational, beha-vior-modifying, market-making, and proprietary God view.

The two entities at thevanguard of this new wave of‘reality mining,’‘patterns of lifeanalysis,’and‘predictive analytics’are Google and the NSA

The result is that human personsare reduced to a mere animal condition, bent to serve the newlaws of capital imposed on all behavior through an implacablefeed of ubiquitous fact-based real-time records of all thingsand creatures.

Varianadds a new dimension to both hegemonic ideals in that nowthis‘God view’can be fully explicated, specified, and known,eliminating all uncertainty

Varian’s vision of the uses of computer-mediated transac-tions empties the contract of uncertainty. It eliminates theneed for–and therefore the possibility to develop–trust.Another way of saying this is that contracts are lifted from thesocial and reimagined as machine processes.

These highly specialized material and knowledge require-ments further separate subjective meaning from objectiveresult. In doing so, they eliminate the need for, or possibilityof, feedback loops between thefirm and its populations.

nd its sub-stantial investments in technologies with explosive socialconsequences such as artificial intelligence, robotics, facialrecognition, wearables, nanotechnology, smart devices, anddrones, Google has not been subject to any meaningful publicoversight

Given Varian’snew facts of a knowable market, he asserts four new‘uses’thatfollow from computer-mediated transactions:‘data extractionand analysis,’‘new contractual forms due to better monitor-ing,’‘personalization and customization,’and‘continuousexperiments’

Google and the‘big data’project represent a break with thispast. Its populations are no longer necessary as the source ofcustomers or employees. Advertisers are its customers alongwith other intermediaries who purchase its data analyses.Google employs only about 48,000 people as of this writing,and is known to have thousands of applicants for every jobopening. (As contrast: at the height of its power in 1953,General Motors was the world’s largest private employer.)Google, therefore, has little interest in its users as employees

First, and most obvious, extraction is aone-way process, not a relationship. Extraction connotes a‘taking from’rather than either a‘giving to,’or a reciprocity of‘give and take.’

Now the enduring questions ofauthority and power must be addressed to the widest possibleframe that is best defined as‘civilization’or more specifically–information civilization

This helps to explain why there is so little real competitivedifferentiation within industries. Airlines, for example, haveimmense informationflows that are interpreted along more orless similar lines toward similar aims and metrics, becausefirmsare all evaluated according to the terms of a single shared logicof accumulation.

The action of a machine is entirely invested inits object, but information technology also reflects back on itsactivities and on the system of activities to which it is related.This produces action linked to a reflexive voice, as computer-mediation symbolically renders events, objects, and pro-cesses that become visible, knowable, and shareable in a newway. This distinction, to put it simply, marks the differencebetween‘smart’and‘dumb.

If you have something that you don’twant anyone to know, maybe you shouldn’t be doing it in thefirst place, but if you really need that kind of privacy, thereality is that search engines including Google do retain thisinformation for some time...It is possible that that informa-tion could be made available to the authorities’(Newman,2009).

China has taken both a hard and soft approach to engendering a degree of self-censorship among Western firms, which do not wish to alienate Beijing or lose market access.

The central concept to understanding Russian information-influence operations beyond the country’s borders is the ‘protest potential of the population’.

There are no front lines—the war is total—and there is no neutrality. Driving wedges between people is sure to be one objective of the Kremlin, and it is incumbent upon everyone to make an effort to not be pawns in a Kremlin game

Economic incentives may be necessary for a healthy public sphere, but they will not be sufficient.

InfoWars is an antagonistic source of information. Boy, is it antagonistic! But its goal is to destroy trust. Its goal is to get you to trust nobody. It reduces politics to tribalism and cultural participation to warfare. It reverses and undermines the spread and growth of knowledge.

Fourth, these intermediate institutions and professional groups can successfully do their job only when they are generally trustworthy and trusted.

They have to provide what Justice Hugo Black once called “diverse and antagonistic sources” of information.

f you want to realize these values, you need more than a simple free speech guarantee like the American First Amendment. You need more than a legal norm that the state doesn't censor. You need more than the formal ability to speak free of government sanction. You need intermediate institutions that can create and foster a public sphere. Without those intermediate institutions, speech practices decay, and the public sphere fails.

Code is Law by Lawrence Lessig

bates or putt

ur medium, how they bend, and how to work together

ur medium, how they bend,

Designed identity functions ideologically— it is about idealizing an assumed audi-ence and reformatting that audience in an understandable and digest-ible way

Designed identity is not a term meant to issue blame to game designers, artists, creators, advertisers, or others involved in the video game indus-try.

However, in the case of Red Dead Redemption, this game does more than circulate genocidal narratives; players are sutured to John Marston, taking up his subjectivity and therefore the ideological stance of the frontier Western

There is no clear difference between the corrupt governmental/military figures and the corrupt revolutionary figures.

Latinx identity is expressed as expendable in order to further the myth of white triumphalism when the truth is that the white population in the United States is actually in decline.The Latinx community in the United States has grown in the last two decades, with “one in six Americans now Hispanic.” This shift in U.S. demo-graphics means that “Hispanics are transforming the definition of what it means to be American” and also signaling a “white decline.”30 This “white decline” is not simply about demographics but about social, economic, and political control. U.S. politicians, with Trump as one of the most vocal and media savvy, can make false claims about Latinx people such as that they (and black Americans) are responsible for most violent crime because cultural narratives such as the frontier Western tell white Americans that they have the right to make ethnographic, simplistic, and incorrect claims about nonwhite U.S. citizens

Instead, players have to consistently refer to the map in order to find locations and missions. If a player has absolutely no interest in gameplay and drifts through the game’s geography, then the map is insignificant, but if a player wants to complete any missions, then the map must be consulted frequently. Maps are not representations of truth but create a spatial concept of whatever is being represented.19 In other words, maps tell a story from a certain worldview.

particularly black and Latinx citizens,

As of 2018 the U.S. housing and mortgage industry—the lifeblood of the American Dream—is still recovering from the 2008 collapse. The housing market in several key areas in the United States has not bounced back; in Tampa, Florida, “thousands of homes have been lost to foreclosure in the past decade.”10 The Pew Research Center released a report in 2017 that revealed the American middle class has shrunk over the last two decades “compared with those in many Western European countries.”11 Increasing numbers of Americans, particularly black and Latinx citizens, are finding it harder to participate in the culture of property ownership and accumula-tion that has traditionally defined American success and dominance over other countries.1

From television shows like Fear the Walking Dead (a zombie Western that first aired in 2015) to games like Ubisoft’s Gunslinger (2013), the Western (particularly frontier Westerns) make the struggle of the American middle class not only palatable but an apparent necessity to being a strong American citizen.

Is it any wonder that the Western has seen a resurgence since the economic collapse?

hat is, gameplay is performative, requiring the player to take on a role or multiple roles in a game world. But what if those roles are racist, sustaining white supremacist ideals? Red Dead Redemption enables the conditions through which players can enact such values and beliefs.

While Silko is referring to Laguna Pueblo stories, there is a lesson here that stories make our worlds plausible, real, and even aspirational.

Perhaps it’s time to consider that if the “law of the law of genre” is to resist genre purity and embrace genre diversity, then, to echo Bold, other forms of the Western and hard-boiled noir need to elbow aside certain conventions and offer players more options.

However, he also works on behalf of the government and its corporate sponsors to usher in the end the frontier. This chapter argues that the procedural rhetoric of this ludo- frontier operates as a safety valve for the pressures brought to bear by the continued repercussions of the 2008 economic collapse

classifi-cation by iconography ignores the fundamental differences and similarities which are to be found in the player’s experience of the game.

o literary genres, particularly durable ones, like the Western and hard-boiled noir, have an internal dynamic that is repeated, and through this repetition readers learn the formula of the genre and in turn gain knowledge from the formula that they can apply when needed.

This “law of the law” is certainly true of noir, which is a notoriously broad and loose genre.

Literary genres are not born in a vacuum but originate from powerful stories that have shaped how we think, fantasize, and behave.

procedural systems like computer software actually represent process with process. This is where the particular power of procedural authorship lies, in its native ability to depict processes.”4 That is, while print, film, and even forms of digital audio broadcasting can attempt to represent genders, sexualities, race, class, objects, and so forth, game worlds “represent process with process

o prove my point, I track how the Western and Hollywood noir, particularly the hard-boiled variety, operate in two popular game worlds: Red Dead Redemption (2010) and L.A. Noire (2011).

What appears is good; what is good appears.

Objective reality is present on both sides. Each conceptestablished in this manner has no other basis than its transformation into its opposite: realityemerges within the spectacle, and the spectacle is real.

Go through your application responses or survey replies of what students said they wanted to learn. For example, in the altMBA, we had thousands of applications that served as data points and customer development for why our target students wanted to join the course. This allowed me to see throughlines and patterns, which allowed me to create better marketing to appeal to these students and improve our course.

he soul: the first condition of all mental properties

Something that is unconditioned does not depend on anything else. It is a first ground or first “principle”: something that explains why other things are the way they are, but is not itself in need of explanation. A “first explainer” (cf. the idea of an unmoved mover).This is what metaphysicsistraditionally concerned with

We can gloss this as ‘independent of experience’, ‘non-empirical’

Thus every syllogism is a form of derivation of a cognition from a principle. For the major premise always gives a concept such that everything subsumed under its condition can be cognized from it according to a principle.””

Understanding vs. reasonUnderstanding is the capacity for unity of appearances by means of rules.Reason is the capacity for unity of the rules of the understanding under principles

If party and candidate spending is limited without corresponding limits on third-party spending, parties and candidates may be forced to use their limited spending capacity to “fend off attacks” by third parties rather than advertising their policy positions.

crowd out, smaller individual contributions."

An equality-based justification for campaign finance regulation must recognize that the modern regulatory framework can only superficially reduce the impact of economic inequality.

On the other hand, donating and spending on a large scale are taxed at an everincreasing rate, which is beneficial as well. Because of this property, the rich would face arising marginal cost as they tried to exert more financial influence.

However, only the square root of the amount that they donate or spend, multiplied byan amount set to make the system as a whole budget-neutral, would actually be deployed.The rest of the money would enter the public Treasury. Assume, for example, that amultiplier of 10 would make the system budget-neutral. Then if a person donated $1 toBernie Sanders, his campaign would receive $10 (($1^.5)910). Similarly, if a personwanted to independently spend $10,000 to back Donald Trump (or if Trump wanted tospend $10,000 on his own candidacy), $1000 could be used on commercials, mailers, andthe like (($10,000^.5)910), and the other $9000 would go to the government.

Examining inequality across provinces and time has many advantages.2 Canadian provinces possess considerable comparable autonomy in administering social policy and research shows that inequality shifts are predominantly owing to provincial rather than federal transfers

hat effect, if any, does the extent of economic inequality in a country have upon the political engagement of its citizens?

n addition to deciding where to apply the tax, designers of a carbon tax would need to consider what entities or uses of fossil fuels, if any, would be exempt from the tax and whether certain activities would qualify for credits under the tax.

Using the Revenues to Cut Marginal Tax Rates Would Also Decrease Total Costs

Large-scale political organizations such as empires must be considered from the standpoint of two dimensions, those of space and time, and persist by overcoming the bias of media which over-emphasize either dimension.

To empower municipalities to build more homes, a new Conservative government will introduce the Build More Homes Competition.

Introduce the Green Home Renovation Tax Credi

The Weaponization of Social Media

These narratives were spread overseas by the Political Warfare Executive which targeted the enemy, while at home the British Film Unit produced a series of patriotic films to reinforce domestic morale.

Having come of age in the First World War, propaganda was used extensively between 1939 and 1945. Combatant nations found it necessary to develop narratives that would resonate within their own and opposing populations. For example, in November 1940, the British War Cabinet produced a memorandum on Propaganda Policy which directed that the British would wage psychological warfare with “the simultaneous object of destroying the moral force of the enemy's cause and of sustaining and eventually enforcing conviction of the moral

This conflict can accurately be described as a competition between narratives with the North attempting to impose “cultural hegemony” on the South which rejected the North’s interpretation of American identity.

Successful narratives will be told and re-told until the conclusions contained within the story become the social norm - “the way we do things here.”

world by playing roles with those around him

is trained to ask. Learning to see waste and then systematicallyeliminate it has allowed lean companies such as Toyota todominate entire industries. In the

Women of course have a role to play, but they are already playing an outsized role in medicine

Five Ws and How” (5W1H):

Mechanisms of interaction are muted by dom-inant signals

He is not really a European, despite the color of his skin

“In this role, electronic man is no less a nomad than his Paleolithic ancestors.”

Which should tell you: narcissism is essentially defensive. It’s a regressive psychological tic, something that comes from an inability to control oneself or one’s surroundings concretely, becuase you never learned your own powers, and so you try to control everything mentally. This is appearance because, after all, your whole world is appearance. You can’t do the thing yourself, so you require other people both to do it and to tell you you can – but that just makes you turn everyone towards you. You’re obsessed with images (that’s all you can do!) but that makes you contemptuous of them. Everyone else must be just as superficial, and something something phonies. You want to be “great, elite, powerful”, but you can’t risk imitating those you admire – to do so would be to risk your identity, would be to risk failure, another ego-wrecker. Anyway, you can’t even separate them from you, how could you suss out what they can do and you can’t in order to learn it? Hence you adopt the prestigious signifiers without any of the competence, convinced that it’s the only distinction between you. If any of that fails, you hulk out, because “failure” is not something you ever learned. All the while, the inside of you looks like WWI no-man’s land: vast emptiness punctuated by shells and explosions, by a rage that does nothing but roil the muck.

Psychoanalysissimplyturnsthecomplexbackonitself,oedipizestransference,oedipizesthecom-plexitselfonthecouch,itsmuckylittlekingdom.Butwhetherinitsdomesticoranalyticform,theOedipuscomplexis basicallyanappa-ratusforrepressingdesiringmachines,andinnosensea formationoftheunconsciousitself