Utilitarianism is a philosophy that values the greatest amount of happiness for the greatest numberof people (Driver 2014). Utilitarianism was created by European philosophers Jeremy Bentham andJohn Stuart Mill throughout the late eighteenth and nineteenth century. Bentham believed that whena government is based on utilitarianism, a system of law and reason is created that values happinessas its foremost principle (Bentham 1789). To provide a mechanism for utilitarianism to be applied togovernmental policy, Benthem created the utility calculus. The utility calculus is a set of specificquestions designed to evaluate a situation and propose the response or action a government shouldtake to maximize happiness and minimize unnecessary pain.