There is also a stream of research related to online versus paper surveys of faculty perfor-mance. In general, online ratings were found to be about the same as paper ratings. Theonline ratings were, if anything, slightly higher than paper ratings (Carini et al. 2003). Otherresearchers found that the properties of student ratings were similar for both paper andonline responses (Hardy 2003; McGhee and Lowell 2003). Even though there was a slightlylower response rate for online as opposed to paper ratings, researchers conclude that withacceptance of online ratings by students and faculty, appreciation of the advantages of onlineratings (thoughtful feedback, convenience and user-friendliness) and the development ofonline infrastructure, this response difference will diminish (Ballantyne 2003; Johnson2003)
Online ratings about the same or higher than paper ratings, and the properties (selection, etc.) similar.