This step is considered irreversible because it is so highly exergonic.
Meaning that the reverse reaction would be too endergonic that there is either insufficient energy to provide for the reverse reaction or mechanisms deem it a waste of energy and would work out different solutions?
As the ATP is consumed, the muscle cells are unable to keep up with the demand for respiration, O2 becomes limiting, and NADH accumulates. Cells need to get rid of the excess and regenerate NAD+, so pyruvate serves as an electron acceptor, generating lactate and oxidizing NADH to NAD+. Many bacteria use this pathway as a way to complete the NADH/NAD+ cycle.
Slightly unrelated to the topic at hand but did this evolve in species after they started becoming more physically active? I wouldn't think that bacteria would have any use for this pathway within this specific context (generating lactic acid to meet demand for energy due to exercise). Also how important is the production of lactic acid; does the acid itself have benefits or is it simply a byproduct/tradeoff?
The Collected Schizophrenias
I've always seem Schizophrenia as a taboo subject amongst societal discourse so I'm very curious and excited for this reading.
1965 – 6.00pm – Stingray – Stand By For Action
Marina's Walk * While Marina goes for a walk in the British countryside with Oink by her side, she encounters a curious house with many tunnels leading somewhere enchanting. She decides to take a look and investigate, with Oink closely following.
it is surprisingly rare to find problem solving taught explicitly in formal educational settings
I understand why it can be difficult to teach problem solving skills while also teaching specific material. However, I'm curious if anyone has specific ideas about how to use teach both at the same time?
The simplifying assumptions mean that while the model predicts the space occupied by the protein in the cellular membrane, and how far into the membrane the retinal sits, it does not help predict the time it takes for the protein to transport protons.
How did scientists discover this?
sophisticated language under-standing
What do they mean by understanding here: somethnig like chomsky's hierarchy ?
Perhaps you could memorize all the constellations and potentially see if they could serve as double duty?
I've found The Stars: A New Way to See Them by H.A Rey (yes, the creator of Curious George) to be a comprehensive list with a tremendous number of pictures, charts, useful stories, mythology, etc. for memorizing all the major constellations and many of the common star names and related data. It's ostensibly aimed at a novice audience, but one might also think he was targeting the mnemonists among us as well.
Should it help in your researching image formation, the phenomenon you mentioned is called pareidolia.
disengaged learner
What does it mean to be engaged or disengaged as a learner? Sometimes I think disengaging is a radical act...
educational careers sleepwalking through ed tech nightmares
So relatable! I recently had a discussion with one of my classmates about our technology and digital world being a blessing but also a curse at the same time! There are so many benefits that come with our digital world evolving, however, there are a lot of disadvantages to the lack of in person conversations and interaction and also with a lack of privacy. Now a days, everyone always knows everything about one another due to social media and just our generation in generation. Will these social interactions ever change? If so, will they change for the good or the bad?
graduate students
Would digital humanities course be more successful if they were offered to undergraduate or graduate students?
Who first seduced them to that foul revolt?