As I'm delving into the Fourth Turning, I'm piqued by the idea of how their theory overlaps or jives with similar historical cyclic theories like Secular Cycles. Bigger span theories like Ian Morris ought to fit in to some of these, though Morris' data may not be granular enough to show it. Similarly one has to wonder with increasing technology, do these cycles speed up over time?

• Turchin, Peter, and Sergey A. Nefedov. 2009. Secular Cycles. 1st ed. Princeton University Press. https://press.princeton.edu/books/hardcover/9780691136967/secular-cycles (September 30, 2026).
• Review: https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/2weRdcvqANDq3zdPH/book-review-secular-cycles

for - definition - counter elite - an elite who turns on the elites due to social strife - from Peter Turchin

for - book - End Times - Peter Turchin - from Substack article - Best Served Cold: Luigi Mangione and The Age of Breach - Alexander Beiner