e Trustees naturally looked askance at Burges’sfeudal extravaganzas. Cardiff Castle and Castell Coch had,therefore, to be paid for out of Bute’s personal income; much oftheir cost must have been floated on borrowed money

his phase of activity, however, was abruptly curtailed byfinancial difficulties in 1874-75, a book-keeping crisis in the Butefortunes which temporarily threatened the whole operation.®In 1871 and 1873 there had been major coal strikes.

he twelve signs of the zodiac appear in proxy formas their respective precious stones

Bute came of age in 1868, and work began straight away

Some of these trips werein the nature of archaeological excursions; others were healthcures.

ritics were generallyimpressed by the integrity of his scholarship; Rosebery — forone — praised the nobility of his styl

is libraries were packedwith rare manuscripts and books. His list of writings is by anystandards prodigio

o celebrate his eventual confirmation in1869 — in the Sistine Chapel, no less — Pope Pius IX presentedhim with an image of the Sacred Heart.

By 1900 — the year the 3rd Marquess died — the total coalexports from Cardiff amounted to 7,500,000 t

ke the celebrated Duke of Bridgewater,he not only profited from but actually helped to create theindustrial revolution. An earnest, solitary, myopic, evangelicalLiberal Tory, he had all the confidence and resolution of anearly nineteenth-century industrialist, tempered by an inbornsense of paternalist responsibility.

Known in hisyouth as a profligate and dandy, he married not one heiress buttwo: firstly the ‘rich ugly Miss Windsor’, who later inheritedgreat estates in Cardiff and South Wales long owned by theHerberts, Earls of Pembroke;

‘Money,’ he noted firmly, ‘is onlya secondary concern in the production of first-rate works. . . .There are no bargains in art.

sengineer to the Bute Docks at Cardiff, he was in a position tointroduce his son to the greatest patron in the history of theGothic Revival, the 3rd Marquess of Bute.

Captains of Industry musttake on the mantles of Arthurian heroes.