Have to look this up, but this might be dependent on culture and historical moment -- how important is the verbalization of writing (and often scripture). Thinking here of Plato's time when reading aloud was seen as the easier one to understand in contrast to repetition from memory. Or the Romans and early Christianity where silent reading was not as common.

quoted section from:<br /> [au moyen âge, on lit généralement en pronançant avec les lèvres, au moins à voix basse, par conséquent en entendant les phrases que les yeux voient.] Jean Leclercq, Initiation aux auteurs monastiques du Moyen Âge, 2nd edn (Paris: Cerf, 1963), p. 72.

What connection, if any, is there to the muscle memory of movement while speaking/reading along with sound/hearing to remembering what we read? Is there research on this? Implications for orality and memory?